High-precision modeling and simulation of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension of commercial vehicles

The taper leaf spring of tandem suspension of commercial vehicle is different from the traditional taper leaf spring. Thus, the professional software MSC.ADAMS/CHASSIS leaf spring, which is specially applied in traditional leaf spring, does not reliably develop the computational model of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension. The multi-body dynamic model of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension, which is developed in this paper, is a secondary development model that is based on the leaf spring model built by MSC.ADAMS/CHASSIS leaf spring. End contact and friction in the modified model are redefined to exhibit the hysteretic characteristics of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension. The test of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension is conducted to validate the reliability of the modified model. The tests in this paper are divided into two groups. The first group started at an unloaded state at an excitation frequency of 1/30 Hz and amplitude of 70 mm to acquire quasi-static behavior. The second group is conducted at various frequencies (2, 3 and 4 Hz) and various amplitudes (±1, ±3 and ±10 mm) in a loaded state to acquire dynamic behavior. A formula to calculate dynamic spring rate for leaf spring is proposed, and details about the formula are presented. The simulations are conducted under the same conditions as the test. The hysteretic characteristics and the relative error of dynamic spring rate from the test are compared with the ones from the simulations for the validation of the reliability of the modified model.     

基于ADAMS的钢板弹簧多柔体建模及动特性仿真研究

钢板弹簧是悬架中力学性能比较复杂的构件,既是弹性元件,又是传递纵向、侧向地面作用力的传力元件,因此精确建立钢板弹簧模型是构造车辆多体模型的一大难点。根据钢板弹簧的结构和受载特点,考虑其工作过程中的大变形、片间摩擦迟滞性及非线性接触等因素,在ADAMS中精确建立了钢板弹簧的多柔体动力学模型。利用ADAMS软件对其进行动特性仿真,仿真分析的结果与试验数据对比,验证了模型是正确的。     

焊接动态拘束变形三维多体耦合数值模拟

采用数值模拟和试验方法研究动态外拘束对焊接变形的影响。建立包含夹具、压板、工作台和焊接件的三维多体耦合有限元模型,以一定刚度的弹簧单元模拟夹具对焊接件的弹性夹紧,弹簧单元施加初始位移实现夹具对焊接件的预压紧;以焊接件、压板和工作台的接触关系实现压板和工作台对焊接件的动态拘束。结果表明:对焊接件的拘束力在焊接过程中是动态变化的,其变化趋势和焊接件的z向位移变化趋势相同;焊接件初始拘束力影响焊接变形;采用多体耦合模型计算焊接件的动态拘束力和动态变形结果和实测结果吻合良好。     

渐变刚度钢板弹簧的非线性有限元分析

针对传统的钢板弹簧设计计算方法难以考虑钢板弹簧实际的工作状况,综合考虑钢板弹簧实际工作过程中的大变形、各簧片及垫片之间的接触和摩擦等非线性因素,基于有限元分析方法对某汽车后悬架渐变刚度钢板弹簧的刚度及强度特性进行分析。其刚度及强度试验结果表明,考虑非线性因素后建立的钢板弹簧有限元模型精度比较高。在模型验证精确的基础上,利用瞬态动力学分析方法求解钢板弹簧在简谐载荷激励下的动态响应,获得其动态特性随激励载荷频率与幅值的变化规律。该建模方法能有效地模拟钢板弹簧实际工作状态,可为钢板弹簧结构进一步的优化提供前提。     

基于两级气压伺服系统的高速受电弓主动控制研究

针对弹性链型悬挂接触网利用有限元法建立接触网模型,采用多体动力学建立受电弓模型,通过接触力元将接触网和受电弓进行耦合建立弓网耦合模型.然后建立气压伺服系统数学模型,根据车速信号采用比例控制策略控制升弓气囊提供弓网静态接触压力,根据采集得到的动态接触力信号采用模糊控制策略控制空气弹簧提供动态接触压力的补偿力.作动器分别作用于下臂杆和弓头悬挂,通过底架上的低频调节和弓头上的高频调节两级方式,主动控制接触压力,实现高速受电弓的稳定受流.     

Optimal combination of design parameters for improving the kinematics characteristics of a midsize truck through design of experiment

This paper optimizes the combination of design parameters for improving the kinematic characteristics of a midsize truck using both design of experiment and computer simulation. A computational model of the front suspension and steering system of a midsize truck is developed for analyzing kinematic and compliance characteristics. A taper leaf spring is modeled as a flexible body using finite elements. A bump mode test is performed to validate the reliability of the developed computational model. Mean absolute values of the toe angle and wheel base change are used as objective functions. Modifiable hard points are selected as design parameters. An optimal combination of design parameters for improving kinematic characteristics is suggested based on analyses of variance and factor effects using a table of orthogonal arrays.     

钢板弹簧力学特性的非线性有限元分析

利用非线性有限元方法,考虑钢板弹簧工作过程中的大变形、片间摩擦和接触等多种因素,在Ansys软件中建立钢板弹簧的力学模型,分析其力学特性。在不考虑摩擦和考虑摩擦两种情况下计算其刚度、应力分布、接触状态及接触压力,研究了摩擦情况对钢板弹簧力学性能的影响。通过考虑片间摩擦,钢板弹簧计算模型的精度得到了提高。     

航空座椅动态冲击仿真方法研究

以航空座椅和仿真假人为研究对象,建立座椅有限元模型和HybridⅡ型假人多刚体系统模型,采用动态大变形非线性有限元分析技术和多刚体动力学方法,模拟了航空座椅和假人在冲击中的响应过程,评估了航空座椅结构的动态冲击性能,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,验证所建立的有限元模型的正确性.这种方法可降低产品研发过程中的试验费用,缩短设计周期,具有很重要的工程意义.     

Dynamic optimization of robot arm based on flexible multi-body model

This paper examines the effect mechanism of torsional stiffness on flexible joints and the dynamic optimization of a six Degree-of-freedom industrial robot arm. The design optimization of the robot arm is investigated based on the rotor-torsional spring model and finite element method. The flexible multi-body dynamic model of the robot arm are established by considering the flexible characteristics of arms and joints, and the natural frequencies of a robot arm are calculated to obtain the torsional stiffness of the flexible joints. Natural frequency results gradually increased with joint stiffness improvement. Using the established dynamic model, the topology optimization on the robot arm is carried out by regarding lightweight as design goal and total displacement as constraints. The tare-load ratio and dynamic performance of the optimized robot arm are significantly enhanced compared with the original design model. This research can provide the theoretical basis for the dynamic optimization and upgrade of lightweight robot arm.     

角接触球轴承保持架柔性多体动力学分析

考虑套圈、钢球和保持架的结构弹性变形与动态接触关系,建立了角接触球轴承柔性多体接触动力学有限元仿真模型。在不同引导游隙、转速和径向力下,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真分析了角接触球轴承的动力学性能,以及保持架的动态冲击应力和稳定性。计算讨论了角接触球轴承的动态接触应力,获得了保持架的角速度、动态冲击应力、质心运动轨迹等仿真结果,它们与理论计算结果具有较好的一致性。结果表明,球轴承运动速度的变化对保持架的动态冲击应力和稳定性的影响较大。     

结构和材料参数对旋转轴唇形密封可靠性影响

基于流量因子统计学方法建立油封密封区域的混合润滑数值模型,利用有限元软件进行求解,分析结构和材料参数对油封密封可靠性的影响规律。结果表明：在研究的参数范围内,静态密封可靠性随腰厚、腰长、空气侧唇角、弹簧的弹性模量、橡胶硬度的增加而提高,随过盈量、油侧角和理论接触宽度的增大而减小;当过盈量为0.4~0.55 mmm、理论接触宽度为0.3~0.6 mm、油侧角为35°~50°、空气侧唇角为15°~30°、腰厚为1.0~1.3 mm、腰长为0.9~1.2 mm、弹簧模量为1 175~1 250 MPa,橡胶硬度为70HA~85HA时有利于油封可靠性的提高,且在此取值范围内,动态密封可靠性随过盈量、油侧唇角、橡胶材料硬度、腰厚和理论接触宽度的增加而增大,随弹簧弹性模量、腰长、空气侧唇角的增大而减小。     

内燃机曲轴轴系多体动力学分析

基于虚拟样机技术,采用结合有限元法(FEM)的多体系统仿真(MSS)方法对汽车发动机曲轴进行扭转振动分析。建立了包括柔性体曲轴在内的内燃机曲轴系统的多体动力学模型。根据多体动力学进行模拟仿真计算,将计算值与实测值进行对比分析,发现仿真结果与实测结果吻合较好。并由此模型对发动机采用停缸系统时的扭振特性进行模拟,分析了计算结果,提出了较好的停缸方案。     

受力钢板弹簧的有限元三维数值模拟

本文基于三维罚函数有限元法，建立了汽车钢板弹簧的三维有限元动态计算模型，应用该模型对钢板弹簧在载荷作用下的动态响应进行了模拟。因为该模型充分考虑了片簧层间各种复杂的耦合作用，尽可能地减少了人为假设，所以取得了仿真的效果，得到和文献［３］实验一致的数值结果。     

空间相机调焦平台动力学特性研究

调焦机构作为空间相机中至关重要的组成部分,其动力学性能很大程度上影响了相机的可靠性。为了完成调焦机构的动力学分析,本文以某型空间相机调焦机构平台作为研究对象,将导轨滑块作为切入点,利用优化的串联弹簧阻尼单元及有限元方法完成对导轨结合部及调焦平台的建模。本文基于Hertzian接触理论获取动力学参数,将调焦机构中与导轨关联的滚珠丝杠和联轴器的刚度等效至导轨滚珠上,并提出了关系表达式和修正参数。通过以联轴器为变量的对比实验获取修正参数,实现该空间相机调焦平台的动力学分析。最后本文利用该分析方法完成了在不同状态下调焦平台的动力学仿真分析,通过对比实验结果表明其误差小于2%。证明了该分析方法具备较高精度和可靠性。     

基于接触摩擦的渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度的计算

应用基于接触摩擦的有限元方法,在Ansys中使用面一面接触单元建立钢板弹簧有限元模型。对三段式渐变刚度钢板弹簧悬架进行刚度特性计算,并与由台架试验得出实际的刚度曲线进行比较,证明模型的准确性。为加快产品的开发与变更提供有效的方法。     

Air-bearing position optimization based on dynamic characteristics of ultra-precision linear stages

Air-bearings are installed between the stator and the mover of ultra-precision linear stages to suppress vibration and mechanical contact. Spring-damping elements are used to emulate the complex interaction of the finite element model (FEM) developed in this paper and the system dynamic behaviors are analyzed. Through the experimental modal test, the validity and reliability of the model are proven. However, the dynamic characteristics including mode frequency, mode shape, and response amplitude are obviously changed with the position of air-bearings. The combined optimization method is used to optimize the air-bearings position. The best and worst positions are obtained using the dynamic characteristic analysis. The method can be generalized to the connection position of different components in manufacture elements and to implement the system dynamic characteristics optimization when the connection position can be changed.     

Air-bearing position optimization based on dynamic characteristics of ultra-precision linear stages

Air-bearings are installed between the stator and the mover of ultra-precision linear stages to suppress vibration and mechanical contact. Spring-damping elements are used to emulate the complex interaction of the finite element model (FEM) developed in this paper and the system dynamic behaviors are analyzed. Through the experimental modal test, the validity and reliability of the model are proven. However, the dynamic characteristics including mode frequency, mode shape, and response amplitude are obviously changed with the position of air-bearings. The combined optimization method is used to optimize the air-bearings position. The best and worst positions are obtained using the dynamic characteristic analysis. The method can be generalized to the connection position of different components in manufacture elements and to implement the system dynamic characteristics optimization when the connection position can be changed.     

道岔侧板变形装置刚柔耦合动力学仿真分析

考虑电动推杆的推力、车辆通过时的离心力以及各构件间的相互作用,结合基于有限元法的柔性体模态计算,建立了轻轨道岔的侧板变形装置的刚柔耦合动力学模型,采用ADAMS软件对该装置进行多体动力学仿真计算,得出各构件的载荷、位移时间历程以及侧板和凸轮组的应力云图,可为道岔侧板变形装置的结构设计提供理论依据。     

An integrated CAE system for dynamic stress and fatigue life prediction of mechanical systems

This paper presents computer simulation methodology for dynamic stress time history computation to predict the fatigue life of machine components using flexible multi-body dynamics. A hybrid method which employes stress superposition as a function of constraint loads and component accelerations that are predicted by flexible body dynamic simulation is utilized and implemented using established codes. A system integration methodology for dynamic stress computation of mechanical system components is described to provide a usable environment for an engineer. It uses a database management system such as the IAC and the established dynamics and finite element analysis codes.     

汽车钢板弹簧的应力和变形分析

应用有限元法对一种在垂直力作用下的3片式钢板弹簧进行分析,其中应用8节点块单元对板簧进行实体建模,采用接触分析来模拟板簧各片逐渐进入接触的情况。对钢板弹簧的中心螺栓、U型螺栓夹紧和卷耳、吊耳部分的铰链约束进行独特的处理。应用所建立的有限元模型计算板簧的应力分布和载荷-变形曲线。对该板簧进行的实验应力分析表明,应用该有限元模型得到的计算应力和载荷-变形特性与试验结果吻合较好。