掺杂聚苯胺磁化率的研究

分别研究了浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４掺杂本征态聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）、ＨＣｌ掺杂ＰＡｎ以及ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂这两种聚安在地的磁化率。通过研究磁化率的变化曲线,我们得到了一些有意义的结果：浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４掺杂ＰＡａ和ＨＣｌ掺杂ＰＡｎ的磁化率变化规律不同;ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＰＡｎ材料可以获得比ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂ＨＣｌ－ＰＡｎ材料更高的磁化率;ＦｅＣｌ３在掺杂ＨＣｌ－ＰＡｎ材料和浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＰＡｎ材料时,ＦｅＣｌ３在这两种     

晶内型Al2O3—SiC纳米复合陶瓷的制备

研究了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的工艺过程，利用Ａｌ２Ｏ３从γ相到α相的蠕虫状生长过程，使大部分纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内，用沉淀法制得的、含有５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷，其强度为４６７ＭＰａ，韧性为４．７ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，与一般的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比有较大的提高，显示了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的优点。     

Al2O3和Y2O3包覆的SiC复合粒子制备

本文利用非均匀成核法,将Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３和Ｙ（ＯＨ）３均匀地包覆在ＳｉＣ粒子表面,制备出被覆Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ的ＳｉＣ复合粒子,包覆Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的ＳｉＣ粒子,其等电点ＩＥＰ的ｐＨ＝３．４移至ｐＨ＝７．３,再用Ｙ（ＯＨ）３包覆表面被覆Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的ＳｉＣ复合粒子后,其等电点ＩＥＰ又从ｐＨ＝７．３移至ｐＨ＝８．６ｄａｄｋ。     

碳化硅和氧化铝陶瓷的热等静压氮化

通过对无压烧结、热压烧结和热等静压烧结ＳＩＣ陶瓷以及热压烧结的ＳｉＣ粒子补强Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复相陶瓷（ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）和ＳｉＣ粒子与ＳｉＣ晶须共同增强的Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料（ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）在氮气氛中进行高温氮化处理，成功地实现了这些材料的开口气孔表面裂纹的愈合。研究表明：热等静压氯化工艺可以显著提高ＳｉＣ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的抗弯强度，对断裂韧性也有较大的改善作用。对于热等静压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷，在１８５０℃和２００ＭＰａ氮气压力下氯化处理１小时后，其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别由５８２ＭＰａ和５．７ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２提高到９０７ＭＰａ和８．４ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２；对于热压烧结的ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷和ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，在１７００℃和１５０ＭＰａ氮气压力下氮化处理１小时后，其室温抗弯强度分别由４６０和７０５ＭＰａ提高到８９５和１０３３ＭＰａ。     

添加Al2O3对SiC板粒／Y—TZP复合材料力学性能的影响

本以ＳｉＣ板粒、ＺｒＯＣｌ２·８Ｈ２Ｏ、ＡｌＣｌ３和Ｙ（ＭＯ）３为原料，利用共沉淀和热压烧结工艺，制备ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ和（含Ａｌ２Ｏ３）ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料。测试了材料的室温和高温力学性能。研究了添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＯ复合材料的影响。结果表明，ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷相比，其室温强度和韧性出现明显下降，高温强度也没有改善；     

ZrO2掺杂对SnO2薄膜电性及气敏性的影响

本研究不用金属醇盐而以无机盐ＳｎＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ为主体原料，以Ｚｒ（ＯＣ３Ｈ７）４为掺杂剂，无水乙醇为溶剂，采用溶胶－疑胶Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）工艺制备了不同ＺｒＯ２掺杂份量的ＳｎＯ２薄膜，发现ＺｒＯ２薄膜在常温下对Ｈ２Ｓ气体具有较好的气敏性能，同时本文研究了ＺｒＯ２掺杂份量对ＳｎＯ２薄膜导电率及气敏性能的影响。     

Al2O3—TiC—Co与Al2O3—TiC陶瓷冲蚀磨损行为的比较研究

通过特殊的化学处理方法，完成了对Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＴｉＣ陶瓷粉末的钴包覆，将包覆后的两种粉安７０ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃｏ和３０ｗｔ％ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ的比例混合烧结出硬度和韧性都较理想的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ（ＡＴＣ）精细陶瓷，通过ＳＥＭ观察研究其冲饥蚀磨损行为，并对ＡＴ３０（７０ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３－３０ｗｔ％ＴｉＣ）和ＡＴＣ陶瓷的冲蚀行为机制进行了比较研究，与ＡＴ３０陶瓷相比，ＡＴＣ陶瓷良好的综合力学性能和细     

碳化硅陶瓷及其复合材料的热等静压烧结研究

本文通过采用热等静压（ＨＩＰ）这一先进的烧结工艺，研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３添加量对ＳｉＣ陶瓷之显微结构与力学性能的影响。并成功地制备出Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粒子以及ＳｉＣ晶须补强的ＳｉＣ基复合材料，结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３是ＨＩＰ烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷及其复合材料的有效添加剂，当添加３ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３时，采用ＨＩＰ烧结工艺在１８５０℃温度和２００ＭＰａ压力下烧结１ｈ就可获得密度分别高达９７．３％、９９．４％和９７．０％的ＳｉＣ的     

氧化钇含量对Al2O3／Y—TZP复相陶瓷的影响

本文以ＺｒＯＣｌ２．８Ｈ２Ｏ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３及Ｙ（ＮＯ３）３为原料，用共沉淀法合成Ｙ２Ｏ３含量不同的ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合粉体，并采用热压工艺制备复相陶瓷。研究了氧化钇含量对复相陶瓷力学性能及应力诱导下氧化锆相变能力的影响。     

添加Al_2O_3对SiC板粒／Y－TZP复合材料力学性能的影响

本文以ＳｉＣ板粒、ＺｒＯＣｌ２－８Ｈ２Ｏ、ＡｌＣｌ３和Ｙ（ＭＯ）３为原料，利用共沉淀和热压烧结工艺，制备ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ和（含Ａｌ２Ｏ３）ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料．测试了材料的室温和高温力学性能．研究了添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＯ复合材料的影响．结果表明，ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷相比，其室温强度和韧性出现明显下降，高温强度也没有改善；而在ＳｉＣ板粒与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合的基础上，添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３可明显提高材料的强度和断裂韧性，同时，材料的高温强度也获得显著改善．     

陶瓷化木材的复合机理

将主要组份为正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）的陶瓷前驱体溶液注入木材，经水解、缩合反庆、在木材细胞壁内形成二氧化硅与纤维素等有机组份的分子或纳米级复合结构。     

Ti元素掺杂对Fe-3Si基软磁复合材料组织结构及磁特性的影响

采用气雾化制粉技术并结合模压成形方法制备xTi/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni（x=0,1,2）软磁复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、综合物性测量系统（PPMS）以及软磁交流测量仪等装置表征和分析了合金粉末的相结构、形貌、磁特性及Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料的磁性能,探讨了Ti元素掺杂对合金粉末居里温度、饱和磁化强度等性能的影响,并着重研究了Ti元素添加对Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料有效磁导率、功率损耗、矫顽力等动态磁学特性的影响。结果表明：气雾化合金粉末只存在单一的α-Fe（Si）固溶相,球形度高;Ti元素的掺杂可提高粉末居里温度,但饱和磁化强度有小幅度的弱化;另外,随着Ti元素含量的增加,Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料有效磁导率升高,而功率损耗和矫顽力降低,当Ti元素含量为2wt%时,软磁复合材料获得较佳的综合磁性能。     

阻燃木材-聚氨酯复合材料的制备与表征

将聚氨酯预聚体和易流失的无机盐阻燃剂分别浸注到木材,经固化后制得阻燃性木材-聚氨酯复合材料。对煮烘循环处理前后各复合材料的力学性能测试、扫描电镜(SEM)和锥形量热(CONE)分析表明,通过聚氨酯在木材细胞壁上粘附形成的连续树脂层,不仅可有效提高复合材料的力学性能和耐久性,同时还能够有效固附易流失的无机盐阻燃剂而保证阻燃效果。     

Relationship between wood elastic strain under bending and cellulose crystal strain

Wood is a natural composite material with a complex multi-scale structure. Its stiffness is mainly due to crystalline cellulose fibrils reinforcing the cell walls. In order to quantify the contribution of cellulose to wood elastic properties in both tension and compression, the change in cellulose (0 0 4) lattice spacing (cellulose crystal strain) was measured by X-ray diffraction during a bending test on poplar specimens. A detailed methodology is presented to accurately quantify this cellulose crystal strain. Results show that during elastic loading, cellulose crystal strain is roughly proportional to wood strain. The strain ratio (cellulose crystal strain/wood strain) was close to 0.75, and did not differ significantly in tension and compression. Interpretation of the strain ratio with respect to cellulose orientation shows that part of the wood strain occurs without inducing cellulose crystal strain. This contribution amounts to 10–15% of wood strain, and its possible origin at different levels of wood ultra-structure is discussed.     

Morphology,mechanical properties,and dimensional stability of wood particle/high density polyethylene composites: Effect of removal of wood cell wall composition

Variation in the chemical composition of wood cell walls has a significant influence on the properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs). This study investigated the effect of removal of hemicellulose and/or lignin on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of WPCs. Four types of wood particles with various compositions including native wood flour (WF), hemicellulose-removed particle (HR), holocellulose (HC), and α-cellulose (αC) were prepared and compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE) in an extruder, both with and without maleated polyethylene. Injection molding was used to make test specimens. The HR-based composites exhibited the best water resistance. The HC-based composites obtained a greater tensile modulus but a lower water resistance. The highest values for tensile strength, elongation at brake, toughness, and impact strength were achieved by the composites filled with αC.     

新型Al-12．7Si-0．7Mg焊丝及其熔敷金属组织与性能研究

借助OM、SEM、TEM和拉伸实验机,研究了新型Al-12．7Si—0．7Mg焊丝及其熔敷金属的组织和性能,结果表明：密集排布的针片状Si相经热挤压和连续冷拉拔后破碎为细小颗粒并弥散分布,当拉拔变形量为77％时,焊丝的组织和拉伸性能较优,经固溶和时效热处理后焊丝熔敷金属拉伸性能显著提高,Al-12．7Si—0．7Mg焊丝合金可热处理强化。     

Composite structure of wood cells in petrified wood

Special kinds of petrified wood of complex structure were investigated. All the samples were composed of at least two different inorganic substances. The original cell structure was preserved in each case. The remnants of the original biological material were detected in some locations, especially in the cell walls. The complex inorganic structure was superimposed on the remnant organic network. The first inorganic component was located in the lumena (l.) of the cells while another one in the walls (w.) of the cells. The investigated arrangements were as follows: calcite (l.)—goethite–hematite (w.)—wood from Dunarobba, Italy; pyrite (l.)—calcite (w.)—wood from Łuków, Poland; goethite (l.)—silica (w.)—wood from Kwaczala, Poland. The inorganic composition was analysed and spatially located by the use of three spectral methods: electron microprobe, X-ray synchrotron-based microprobe, μ-PIXE microprobe. The accurate mappings presenting 2D distribution of the chemical species were presented for each case. Trace elements were detected and correlated with the distribution of the main elements. In addition, the identification of phases was done by the use of μ-Raman and μ-XRD techniques for selected and representative points. The possible mechanisms of the described arrangements are considered. The potential synthesis of similar structures and their possible applications are suggested.     

3D hierarchical computational model of wood as a cellular material with fibril reinforced, heterogeneous multiple layers

A 3D hierarchical computational model of deformation and stiffness of wood, which takes into account the structures of wood at several scale levels (cellularity, multilayered nature of cell walls, composite-like structures of the wall layers) is developed. At the mesoscale, the softwood cell is presented as a 3D hexagon-shape-tube with multilayered walls. The layers in the softwood cell are considered as considered as composite reinforced by microfibrils (celluloses). The elastic properties of the layers are determined with Halpin–Tsai equations, and introduced into mesoscale finite element cellular model. With the use of the developed hierarchical model, the influence of the microstructure, including microfibril angles (MFAs, which characterizes the orientation of the cellulose fibrils with respect to the cell axis), the thickness of the cell wall, the shape of the cell cross-section and the cell dimension (wood density), on the elastic properties of softwood was studied.     

含异质元素SiC陶瓷先驱体的研究进展

先驱体转化法由于拥有众多优点已成为当前制备陶瓷材料的主要方法。添加异质元素可对SiC陶瓷先驱体进行物理和化学改性,提高SiC陶瓷的综合性能。文中介绍了近年来含异质元素SiC陶瓷先驱体的研究进展,重点介绍了含异质元素SiC陶瓷先驱体的主要种类、制备工艺和性能,以及相应的SiC陶瓷的性能,并对今后的研究方向做出了展望。     

Influence of melt treatments and polished CVD diamond coated insert on cutting force and surface integrity in turning of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys

The microstructures, machinability and surface characteristics of Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys were studied after various melt treatments like grain refinement and modification. The results indicate that combined grain refined and modified Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys have microstructures consisting of uniformly distributed α-Al grains, eutectic Al-silicon and fine CuAl₂ particles in the interdendritic region. These alloys exhibited better machinability and surface characteristics in the cast condition compared with the same alloy subjected to only grain refinement or modification. Performances of the turning inserts (uncoated and polished CVD diamond coated) were evaluated in machining Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys under dry environment using a lathe. The polished CVD diamond coated insert outperformed the uncoated cutting insert which suffered from sizeable edge buildup leading to higher cutting force and poor surface finish. The polished CVD diamond coated insert shows a very small steady wear without flaking of the diamond film during cutting. This paper attempts to investigate the influence of grain refinement, modification and combined action of both on the microstructural changes in the Al-7Si and Al-7Si-2.5Cu cast alloys and their machinability and surface finish when different turning inserts are used.