纳米TiO2阻燃整理棉织物的实验研究

将纳米TiO2颗粒分别分散于水、TiO2溶胶以及六偏磷酸钠溶液中制备整理液用于棉织物的阻燃整理,探索TiO2的加入对织物阻燃性能的影响,并利用XRD、氧指数测试仪、SEM等测试手段对TiO2颗粒的性质、织物的阻燃性能和棉纤维的表面性质进行表征.结果表明:TiO2颗粒的加入,在织物的表面形成无机包覆层,阻碍了棉纤维的燃烧进程,织物的极限氧指数值(LOI)得到大幅提升.     

改性芦竹对磷酸根动态吸附及脱附再生的研究

将芦竹与环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺、三乙胺反应,合成出一种新型吸附剂。研究了改性芦竹对磷酸根的动态吸附及脱附再生效果,分别考察了在动态吸附、脱附再生过程中各种因素的影响。实验结果表明:与改性前相比,芦竹的吸附性能有了很大提高。随着KH2PO4溶液质量浓度的增加,改性芦竹吸附磷酸根至饱和的时间缩短,动态吸附的穿透点提前;随着KH2PO4溶液流速增大,改性芦竹对磷酸根的去除率降低;在pH为5.0时,吸附效果最好;脱附再生实验中,分别选用0.01mol/LNaCl溶液、HCl溶液和NaOH溶液做脱附剂进行脱附可以得到较好的脱附效果。     

Effect of different concentrations of surfactant on the wettability of coal by molecular dynamics simulation

Anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) at varying concentrations was selected to investigate the influence on the wettability of Zhaozhuang Coal by molecular dynamics simulation. Six groups of water/surfactant/coal systems with different concentrations were constructed. The influence of surfactant with different concentrations on the wettability of coal was concluded by analyzing various properties from the energetic behaviors to the dynamic characteristics. The results show that the interfacial tension decreases sharply and then rises slowly with the increase of SDBS surfactant concentration,obtaining that surfactants can obviously reduce the interfacial tension. The surfactant molecules could be detected at the water/coal interface through analyzing the system's relative concentration distribution. In addition, the difference in the wettability of surfactants on coal surfaces is caused by the spatial distribution differences of alkyl chains and the benzene ring of the surfactant molecules. And the negative interaction energy between SDBS and the coal surface indicates that adsorption process is spontaneous.Furthermore, it is of great practical significance for improving the dust reduction effect and reducing the disaster of coal dust by exploring the effects of surfactant molecules on the wettability of coal.     

电晕处理对纯棉牛仔布性能的研究

采用电晕技术对纯棉牛仔布进行处理,讨论电晕处理工艺（时间、电压）对牛仔布性能的影响。对电晕处理后的纯棉牛仔布的颜色变化,拉伸性能、润湿性能等进行测试,结果表明：电晕处理后的牛仔布吸湿性显著增加,拉伸强力略有降低,布面颜色深度降低。     

低渗透油藏驱油用耐温抗盐型表面活性剂研究

针对大庆油田M区块储层低孔、低渗、高温以及高矿化度的特点,采用常规表面活性剂往往不能取得较好的驱油效果。因此,以顺丁烯二酸酐、乙二胺和长链溴代烷为单体合成了一种新型双子表面活性剂SZ?11,并复配非离子型表面活性剂AEO?3,形成了一种适合低渗透油藏驱油用的耐温抗盐型表面活性剂驱油体系,并对其综合性能进行了评价。结果表明,该驱油体系具有良好的耐温性能和抗盐性能,在140 ℃下老化后,界面张力仍能达到0.008^{mN/m,体系在较高质量浓度的NaCl（150 000 mg/L）、CaCl₂（9 000 mg/L）和MgCl₂（2 500 mg/L）盐水中仍具有较低的界面张力;该驱油体系具有良好的乳化性能和润湿性能,可以通过乳化原油和改变岩石表面润湿性来提高驱油效率;储层天然岩心在水驱后注入0.4 PV表面活性剂驱油体系,能使岩心的采收率提高19.5%,具有良好的驱油效果。现场应用结果表明,实施表面活性剂驱油措施后,M区块内5口生产井日产油量明显提高,含水率下降,取得了良好的增油效果。}     

代用碱JT的制备与应用性能研究

通过测定不同碱剂的缓冲容量,筛选并制备染色代用碱JT,并将其用于棉织物活性染料固色中。研究染浴中代用碱JT的组分对染色效果的影响,确定代用碱JT的组分为碳酸钾35%、硅酸钠50%、氢氧化钾10%和三乙醇胺5%。研究结果表明：代用碱替代纯碱用于活性染料固色,操作简单,染液pH值变化较小,且可提高染色牢度,节约用水,节约染色时间,降低综合成本。     

Fabrication of High Nano-ZnO Assembled Cotton Fabric with UV Blocking Property

In order to fabricate a novel ZnO/cotton composite, a high proportion of ZnO nanoparticles were assembled in cotton fibers, and the as-obtained cotton fabric can possess better UV blocking property compared with common ZnO/cotton composite. Firstly, the cotton fibers were pre-treated by hydrogen peroxide solution(H_2 O_2) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH), urea(CON_2 H_4). Secondly, the fabric was fabricated via in situ deposition. The effects of concentration of treatment liquid, ammonia-smoking time and curing temperature on the tensile property of the fabric, UV blocking property and water-washing durability test of as-obtained cotton fabrics were investigated. Thirdly, the as-obtained cotton sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). It was shown that ZnO nanoparticles were assembled between cotton fibers, the surface and inside of the lumen and the mesopores of cotton fibers, while the content of nano-ZnO assembled in fabric can reach 15.63 wt%. It is proved that the finished fabric can obtain a very excellent UV blocking property, under the condition of zinc ion in concentration of 15 wt%, ammonia-smoking time for 10 min, curing temperature at 150 ℃ for 2 min.     

纤维素酶洗涤对提高涤棉织物易去污性的作用机理

为探明纤维素酶洗涤提高含棉织物易去污性的机理，采用滴水法、马丁代尔磨擦一扫描电镜联合分析法、XRD分析和铜值法等测试分析技术对涤棉织物经纤维素酶洗涤后的润湿性、耐磨性、表面形态、结晶度、亲水基团含量等理化性能进行分析表征。结果表明：经纤维素酶洗涤后，棉纤维表面发生脆损，涤棉织物的耐磨性下降，在外力作用下易使织物表面的纤维脱落从而带走污垢；同时，纤维素酶洗涤使棉纤维的结晶度有所下降，纤维素大分子的β-1，4-甙键部分切断形成醛基，从而提高了棉纤维的亲水性，增加了涤棉织物的润湿性，进而使涤棉织物的易去污性得以改善。     

不同表面活性剂对改性脂肪酸捕收剂的增效作用

为了考查几种表面活性剂对磷矿捕收剂的增效作用,以贵州瓮福白岩磷矿为试验样品,通过浮选试验研究了表面活性剂吐温-80、吐温-80和十二烷基硫酸钠1∶1混合物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯α-磺酸钠盐-2、脂肪酸甲酯α-磺酸钠盐-3对改性脂肪酸类捕收剂H-2增效作用.结果表明,对于贵州瓮福白岩磷矿,通过在捕收剂中添加表面活性剂,可以提高捕收剂对磷酸盐矿物的选择性.添加表面活性剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为捕收剂H-2的13%时,选矿回收率从75.02%提高到93.14%,选矿效率从2.15%提高到7.87%.表面活性剂中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的增效作用优于吐温-80、吐温-80和十二烷基硫酸钠1∶1混合物、脂肪酸甲酯α-磺酸钠盐-2、脂肪酸甲酯α-磺酸钠盐-3,以表面活性剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚复配H-2所得到的新型药剂,浮选性能要优于分析纯的油酸钠和工业应用的捕收剂FMS-01.     

二水合硫酸钙晶须制备研究

盐酸溶解碳酸钙并加入适量的表面活性剂。再加入稀硫酸在常温下生成二水合硫酸钙晶须,反应后滤液为盐酸溶液,再次加入碳酸钙后可循环使用。考察反应系统中表面活性剂浓度、Ca2＋浓度、硫酸等对晶须形貌的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为Ca2＋浓度0．3mol／L,十二烷基磷酸酯钾质量浓度5．0g／L,壬基酚聚环氧乙烯醚质量浓度2．5g／L,硫酸浓度0．28mol/L。晶须长2-200μm,长径比30-100。     

纯化纳米二水磷酸铁的制备及其电化学应用

以磷化渣和磷酸为原材料,聚乙二醇作为改性剂,十二烷基硫酸钠作为表面活性剂,采用传统的水热法将材料混合均匀进行高温水热反应,以制得高纯度的纳米二水磷酸铁.同时采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱等仪器对制备的二水磷酸铁进行形貌、尺寸的表征分析.结果表明,所制备的磷酸铁为片状结构,粒径宽度约40...     

棉织物碱氧和酶氧一浴前处理比较

通过正交实验，比较了氢氧化钠和清棉师Scolase100T在棉织物前处理中的作用，分析了它们对棉织物白度、强力、毛效和失重率的影响．研究结果表明，清棉师专一性强，催化效率高，工艺条件缓和，污染较轻，在减少强力损伤和重量损失方面有着显著的优势，可以替代氢氧化钠用于退煮漂工艺过程，并确定了最佳工艺条件．     

氯盐溶液对钠基膨润土垫层膨胀性能的影响

在废弃物渗透液中,复杂的化学物质能影响钠基膨润土垫层的吸水膨胀性能,研究不同价态及浓度的氯盐溶液对膨润土膨胀指数的影响,探究pH值及温度对膨润土膨胀性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对氯盐溶液处理后的膨润土进行表征分析。试验结果表明,高价态高浓度的氯盐溶液对膨润土的膨胀性能起抑制作用,膨胀指数最低为5 mL/2 g;单价态低浓度的NaCl溶液对膨润土的膨胀性能起促进作用,膨胀指数最高达到56 mL/2 g。XRD测试表明,氯盐溶液处理后的膨润土层间距由12.512 ?下降到11.856 ?;SEM测试分析发现,高价态氯盐溶液中的膨润土形貌由规则鳞片状转化为无规则絮凝状。在氯盐溶液浓度为0.04 mol/L、pH值为9及温度为90 ℃的条件下,膨胀指数提升近50%。在0.01 mol/L NaCl溶液、0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液和0.01 mol/L CaCl₂溶液中,膨润土吸水膨胀过程中凝胶态部分符合Fickian扩散模型,表明溶液水分子扩散速率小于膨润土凝胶态部分松弛速率。其他浓度氯盐溶液中,膨润土吸水膨胀过程中凝胶态部分符合non-Fickian溶胀过程,溶液水分子扩散速率与膨润土凝胶态部分松弛速率大致相同。     

棉织物碱氧和酶氧一浴前处理比较

通过正交实验,比较了氢氧化钠和清棉师Scolase100T在棉织物前处理中的作用,分析了它们对棉织物白度、强力、毛效和失重率的影响.研究结果表明,清棉师专一性强,催化效率高,工艺条件缓和,污染较轻,在减少强力损伤和重量损失方面有着显著的优势,可以替代氢氧化钠用于退煮漂工艺过程,并确定了最佳工艺条件.     

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on the Properties of Phosphogypsum based Cement

The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) amount on phosphogypsum based cement was investigated. The mechanical performances and hydration mechanism of the phosphogyp- sum-based cement with different proportions of NaOH and steel slag were analyzed based on setting time, volume stability, strength test, XRD and SEM analyses. The experimental results show that, NaOH as an alkali activator significantly reduces the cement setting time and improves the cement early strength. But the acceleration of hydration proce...     

蛋白类防沾色剂在活性染料染色棉织物皂洗处理中的应用效果评价

用自制的蛋白类防沾色助剂对活性染料染色的棉织物进行防沾皂洗后处理,探讨了该防沾色助剂在皂洗过程中对染色织物色牢度、浮色去除、毛效、透气性、色光等性能的影响。结果表明:该防沾助剂对不同用量染料和不同种类染料染色的棉织物都具有良好的防沾效果,染色织物防沾皂洗后能够保持良好的色牢度,浮色对白布的沾色明显减少,同时,处理织物的透气性,抗皱性略微增大,色布色光变化微小,表明该蛋白类防沾色助剂具有良好的实用价值。但该助剂存在处理织物的润湿性略微减少的缺点,需要进一步深入研究。     

钢筋在碱激发矿渣模拟孔溶液中的钝化及腐蚀性能

采取自腐蚀电位,Mott-Schottky曲线测试技术,研究了钢筋在不同掺量氢氧化钠激发矿渣的模拟孔溶液中钝化膜的生成、钝化膜的半导体性能、氯离子对钝化膜半导体性能的影响、钢筋锈蚀时的临界氯离子浓度。研究结果表明：钢筋在矿渣模拟孔溶液中能生成稳定的钝化膜,但钝化膜的生成时间较长,在18d～26d之间;氢氧化钠激发剂掺量（矿渣质量分数）较低时（2%和4%）,钝化膜具有双极性（n-p型）半导体结构特征;氢氧化钠激发剂掺量较高时（6%、8%和10%）,钝化膜具有三极性（p-n-p型）半导体结构特征;钝化膜的耐氯离子腐蚀能力随着氢氧化钠激发剂掺量的增加而增强,当氢氧化钠掺量≥6%时,钢筋耐氯离子腐蚀能力好于硅酸盐水泥对比组。其中氢氧化钠掺量为10%时,临界氯离子浓度为0.11 mol/L,而硅酸盐水泥对比组的临界氯离子浓度仅为0.03 mol/L。     

蛋白类防沾助剂在活性染料染色棉织物上的应用

采用自制的复配蛋白类防沾色助剂对活性染料染色的棉织物进行皂洗后处理,通过单因素变量法,优化出该助剂对活性染料染色棉织物的最佳皂洗工艺条件为:防沾色助剂用量为25g/L,碳酸钠用量为2g/L,肥皂3g/L,处理温度80℃,处理时间20min,浴比1:30。经过防沾皂洗处理后,在保证色布耐皂洗色牢度的前提下具有良好的防沾色效果,但该助剂存在应用量较大,需要进一步深入研究。     

表面活性剂对非织造布表面再润湿性的改善

本文通过测量吸附了表面活性剂的非织造布表面的再润湿时间,发现表面活性剂在非织造布表面的吸附提高了其表面再润湿性,但阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂的表面改性效果优于阳离子型表面活性剂。涤纶非织造布在表面活性剂溶液中处理时间越长,表面再润湿性提高越多,但超过某值后表面再润湿时间不再变化。一般,当表面活性剂溶液浓度大于ＣＭＣ后,非织造布表面的再润湿性才有根本改善,但ＬＡＳ特殊。在中性ｐＨ值时（水中）,阳、阴、非离子表面活性剂的吸附都经历三个区域,只是ＣＭＣ值不同。纤维越细、结构越松的非织造布表面再润湿性越好。     

Precipitation of antimony from the solution of sodium thioantimonite by air oxidation in the presence of catalytic agents

The behavior of antimony oxidation in the solution of sodium thioantimonite was studied in the presence of catalytic agents. The catalytic effects of the respective addition of cupric sulfate, sodium tartrate, potassium permanganate, phenol, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and their combination on the oxidation of sodium thioantimonite were investigated. A pilot test was carried out. The results show that the respective use of sodium tartrate, cupric sulfate, potassium permanganate, phenol and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene have little catalytic effect on the oxidation of sodium thioantimonite. However there exists obvious catalytic oxidation by the combination of 0.25 g/L 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 0.5 g/L potassium permanganate and 1.0 g/L phenol. Moreover, high blast intensity, the increase of temperature and NaOH concentration favor the oxidation of antimony. The oxidation process of antimony has such advantages as quick reaction and low operation costs. The results of the pilot test are consistent with those of laboratory experiments.