Report of the Treasurer: 1974.

This report looks at results from (a) operations for 1973 as well as (b) the financial condition of APA as of December 31, 1973; (c) probable results for 1974; (d) the approved budget for 1975; and (e) prospects for 1976. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using grounded theory to develop treatment strategies for multicontextual trauma.

This article presents a model for developing treatment strategies for multicontextual trauma--trauma in complex contexts in which no evidence-based treatment is available. The model conceptualizes trauma as shattering the assumptive world, and it conceptualizes recovery as reconstructing the assumptive world. The reconstruction process occurs in 3 stages: (a) safety, (b) reprocessing, and (c) integration, within which 3 issues recur--(a) strength, (b) connection, and (c) meaning. The article analyzes the recovery process for 2 medical illnesses--acquired physical disability and stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma--and presents guidelines for using the model to make treatment decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished teaching in psychology: Benton J. Underwood.

The Distinguished Teaching in Psychology award, which includes a check for $1,000, is given to the recipient for his or her contributions to the teaching of psychology. The following guidelines are used to determine the recipient: (a) demonstrated influence as a teacher of students who become outstanding psychologists, (b) development of effective teaching methods and/or teaching materials, (c) engagement in significant research on teaching, (d) development of innovative curricula and courses, (e) outstanding performance as a classroom teacher, (f) being an especially effective trainer of teachers of psychology, and (g) being responsible for administrative facilitation of outstanding teaching. This article provides a citation and a biography for Benton J. Underwood, who received the award for Distinguished Teaching in Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Report of the Treasurer, 1975: Light at the end of the tunnel.

Presents the American Psychological Association's (APA's) treasurer's report for 1975. This financial overview includes (a) our audited report of the 1974 results from operations; (b) a look at APA's financial condition as of December 31, 1974; (c) a prediction for 1975; (d) a glance at the 1976 approved budget; and (e) a peek at the association's prospects for 1977. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished teaching in psychology: Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr.

The Distinguished Teaching in Psychology award, which includes a check for $1,000, is given to the recipient for his or her contributions to the teaching of psychology. The following guidelines are used to determine the recipient: (a) demonstrated influence as a teacher of students who become outstanding psychologists, (b) development of effective teaching methods and/or teaching materials, (c) engagement in significant research on teaching, (d) development of innovative curricula and courses, (e) outstanding performance as a classroom teacher, (f) being an especially effective trainer of teachers of psychology, and (g) being responsible for administrative facilitation of outstanding teaching. This article provides a citation and a biography for Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr., one of the recipients of the award for Distinguished Teaching in Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of directionality of significance tests on the bias of accessible effect sizes.

The proportion of studies that use one-tailed statistical significance tests (π) in a population of studies targeted by a meta-analysis can affect the bias of the sample effect sizes (sample ESs, or ds) that are accessible to the meta-analyst. H. C. Kraemer, C. Gardner, J. O. Brooks, and J. A. Yesavage (1998) found that, assuming π?=?1.0, for small studies (small Ns) the overestimation bias was large for small population ESs (δ?=?0.2) and reached a maximum for the smallest population ES (viz., δ?=?0). The present article shows (with a minor modification of H. C. Kraemer et al.'s model) that when π?=?0, the small-N bias of accessible sample ESs is relatively small for δ?≤?0.2, and a minimum (in fact, nonexistent) for δ?=?0. Implications are discussed for interpretations of meta-analyses of (a) therapy efficacy and therapy effectiveness studies, (b) comparative outcome studies, and (c) studies targeting small but important population ESs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Teaching in Psychology.

The American Psychological Foundation invites nominations for the 1981 Award for Distinguished Teaching in Psychology. The annual award, which includes a check for $1,000, is given to the recipient for his or her contributions to the teaching of psychology. The committee that selects the awardee uses the following guidelines in arriving at its choice: (a) demonstration of influence as a teacher of students who become outstanding psychologists, (b) development of effective teaching methods and/or teaching materials, (c) participation in significant research on teaching, (d) development of innovative curricula and courses, (e) outstanding performance as a classroom teacher, (f) exceptionally effective trainer of teachers of psychology, and (g) responsible for administrative facilitation of outstanding teaching. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Order Information in Working Memory: An Integrative Review of Evidence From Brain and Behavior.

Evidence about memory for order information comes from a number of different methodologies: human cognition, patient studies, neuroimaging studies, and animal lesion and behavioral studies. The present article discusses (a) evidence that order and item memory are separable; (b) proposed mechanisms for order memory (interitem associations, direct codes, hierarchical codes, feature codes, and magnitude codes) and evidence for each; (c) evidence for the neural substrates of order memory from patient, neuroimaging, and animal lesion and single-cell recording studies; (d) barriers to integration between the disciplines; and (e) suggestions for better coordination of efforts between the different disciplines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applicant reactions to face-to-face and technology-mediated interviews: A field investigation.

This field study examined applicant reactions (N = 802) toward face-to-face as compared with technology-mediated interviews (through videoconferencing or by telephone) for 346 organizations. Face-to-face interviews were perceived as more fair and led to higher job acceptance intentions than were videoconferencing and telephone interviews. Perceived interview outcomes were higher with face-to-face and telephone interviews over videoconferencing. Self-monitoring moderated the relationship between interview medium and perceptions of fairness. Specifically, this relationship was (a) positive for face-to-face, (b) negative for telephone, and (c) nonsignificant for videoconferencing interviews. Moreover, the number of offers an applicant received moderated the relationship between interview medium over, and perceived fairness. The relationship between number of offers and perceived fairness was positive for face-to-face and negative for technology-mediated interviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

氨基膦酸型螯合纤维对银吸附性能研究

研究了氨基膦酸型螯合纤维对Ａｇ（Ｉ）离子的吸附性能，考察了ｐＨ值对Ａｇ（Ｉ）离子吸附的影响，探讨了Ａｇ（Ｉ）离子的选择性。二乙烯三胺氨基膦酸型螯合纤维和三乙烯四胺氨基膦型螯合纤维，在ｐＨ６．０对Ａｇ（Ｉ）离子的饱和吸附容量分别为：２．１２，１．５３ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ，并具有较好的吸附动力学特性，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式能较好的描述此吸附过程，该螯合纤维可用于混合溶液中Ａｇ（Ｉ）离子的吸附分离。     

The combined use of ultrasound and densitometry in the prediction of vertebral fracture

Measurement of ultrasonographic parameters provides information concerning not only bone density but also bone architecture. We investigated the usefulness of ultrasonographic parameters and bone mineral density for evaluating the probability of vertebral fracture. 397 postmenopausal women (59.1 +/- 6.0 years) with (n = 178) or without (n = 219) atraumatic vertebral fractures were studied. In all women, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and speed of sound (SOS); broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and Stiffness in the calcaneus were evaluated by an Achilles unit (Lunar Corporation). Ultrasonographic parameters and BMD were compared by examining the magnitude of the odds ratios, to determine which produces the highest estimate of the probability of odds of fracture, and by examining widths of the respective confidence intervals (CI) to show which estimate of odd ratio is the most precise. The relative risk of vertebral fracture, after adjusting for potential confounders, was 3.5 (CI 2.6-4.8) for BUA; 4.5 (CI 3.2-6.2) for SOS; 5.8 (CI 4.0-8.4) for Stiffness and 7.5 (CI 4.8-11.5) for BMD. Ultrasound (US) parameters were still significant independent predictors of vertebral fracture, even after adjusting for BMD. The relative risk of fracture for a simultaneous decrease by 1 SD of BMD and by 1 SD of each ultrasound parameter was 17.3 (CI 9.4-39.6) for BMD and SOS; 18.3 (CI 8.4-30.6) for BMD and BUA and 22.1 (CI 8.9-52.7) for BMD and Stiffness. Our data suggest that US and BMD provide complementary information which can be combined to improve estimates of vertebral fracture risk.     

Official APA and Division announcements.

Provides the official American Psychological Association's announcement for the year 1971. Additionally, division announcements are provided for the following: (1) Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology; (2) Eastern Psychological Association; (3) Western Psychological Association; (4) Southeastern Psychological Association; (5) Southwestern Psychological Association; (6) Midwestern Psychological Association; and (7) Rocky Mountain Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of von Willebrand disease

When working well, internal forensic review boards generally: (1) have the support of the courts and communities; (2) consider and review effective individual treatment and public safety; (3) permit direct care treatment teams the opportunity to advocate for the patient; (4) focus clinical and security considerations on the individual patient rather than dwelling on system issues; (5) identify resource needs for inpatient and community care; (6) provide a foundation for monitoring patient adjustment to various levels of stressors, both in the hospital and the community; (7) provide a mechanism for timely crisis intervention for individual patients; (8) afford administrative and clinical staff a mechanism for peer review; (9) are cost effective compared with external review boards; (10) provide data and a tracking mechanism for quality improvement for the forensic system of care; and (11) provide an education/training function for direct care and professional staff.     

Dose finding study of cefepime for chronic respiratory infections]

In order to determine the optimal dose of cefepime (CFPM) for respiratory tract infections, a dose finding study was conducted in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections, and the clinical properties of the drugs were compared with those of ceftazidime (CAZ). Each drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at the dose of 2 g/day of CFPM, 4 g/day of CFPM or 2 g/day of CAZ for 14 days. 1. The overall efficacy rates evaluated by the committee were 82.6% (19/23) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 85.0% (17/20) for the 4 g/day group and 79.3% (23/29) for the CAZ 2 g/day group, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. 2. The overall efficacy rates evaluated by the attending physicians were 91.3% (21/23) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 78.9% (15/19) for the CFPM 4 g/day group and 75.9% (22/29) for the CAZ 2 g/day group, with no significant difference among the three groups. 3. Bacteriological eradication rates were 88.2% (15/17) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 68.8% (11/16) for the CFPM 4 g/day group and 63.2% (12/19) for the CAZ 2 g/day group, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. 4. The incidences of adverse reactions were 3.8% (1/26) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 9.1% (2/22) for the CFPM 4 g/day group and 3.4% (1/29) for the CAZ 2 g/day group, with no significant difference among the three groups. The incidences of abnormal laboratory findings were 37.5% (9/24) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 15.0% (3/20) for the CFPM 4 g/day group and 3.4% (1/29) for the CAZ 2 g/day group. There was a significant difference among the three groups. 5. Utility rates assessed by the committee were 81.8% (18/22) for the CFPM 2 g/day group, 76.2% (16/21) for the CFPM 4 g/day group and 75.9% (22/29) for the CAZ 2 g/day group. Utility rates assessed by attending physicians were 90.9% (20/22), 78.9% (15/19) and 72.4% (21/29), respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups. From the above results, it is concluded that the optimal dosage of CFPM is 2 g/day for chronic respiratory tract infections.     

焊缝掺杂对工业纯钼可焊性的影响

叙述了三种纯钼（粉末冶金，低碳弧铸和高碳弧铸纯相）在气体保护钨弧焊之前，用射频溅射法沉积到焊接件缝处的钛和铪掺杂剂对焊缝的若干有利影响；（１）减少粉末冶金纯钼焊接件的焊缝中形成的中心线裂纹和孔洞，（２）硬化焊接熔融区；（３）减少所有不同种类型纯钼的焊接熔融区中的晶间破坏趋势，同时简单讨论了掺杂剂改革焊接质量和断裂的机理。     

Infectious disease and sociodemographic characteristics of foreign immigrants in the Central Penitentiary for Men in Barcelona

A number of thrombin mutants have been constructed to investigate the role of Trp96 and the beta-insertion loop for the specificity of thrombin. Thrombin(60D) consists of the replacement of the beta-insertion loop (14 amino acid residues from 59 to 63, including a 9-residue insertion at position 60) with the corresponding four residues in trypsin, Tyr-Lys-Ser-Gly; thrombin(GGG) is a smaller loop mutation in which the residues Tyr(60A)Pro(60B)Pro(60C)Trp(60D) Asp(60E)Lys(60F) of the beta-insertion loop were replaced by Gly-Gly-Gly; thrombin(96S) consists of a point mutation Trp96 --> Ser; and thrombin(GGG/96S) is the double mutant incorporating both changes. Thrombin(96S) clots fibrinogen approximately 3 times more slowly than thrombin, with the two beta-insertion loop mutants, thrombin(GGG) and thrombin(GGG/96S), reacting approximately 3000- and 1300-fold more slowly, respectively. The specificity constant kcat/Km for the cleavage of fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B by thrombin(96S) was 2.6 and 0.35 microM(-1) s(-1), respectively, compared to 10 and 2.5 microM(-1) s(-1) for wild-type recombinant thrombin, respectively. Kinetic constants were determined for the hydrolysis of H-D-phenylalanyl-L-pipecolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline. The Michaelis constant Km increased approximately 6-fold for thrombin(96S) and >200-fold for thrombin(GGG) and thrombin(GGG/96S) when compared to wild-type recombinant thrombin, while the catalytic constant kcat remained approximately the same. All mutants were more susceptible to inhibition by BPTI than wild-type recombinant thrombin. Clearly, the beta-insertion loop is important for thrombin activity. But the mutation of Trp96 --> Ser can compensate somewhat for the loss of binding at the beta-insertion loop. The deletion of the hydrophobic interaction between Trp96 and Pro(60B)Pro(60C) appears to decrease the stability of the beta-insertion loop, thereby causing a decrease in binding efficiency.     

Prognosis for patients with pneumonectomy or lesser resections for non-small cell lung cancer based on histologic cell type

Contrary results have been reported regarding prognosis by histologic cell type in surgical treatment for lung cancer. To evaluate whether histologic cell type has influence on prognosis, we separately analyzed the prognostic outcome of patients who had undergone pneumonectomy (n=119) and lesser resections (n=124) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between January, 1985 and March, 1996. The pneumonectomy group included 87 (73%) squamous cell carcinoma (Sq), 25 (21%) adenocarcinoma (Ad) and 7 other types with 10 (8%) patients in postoperative stage I of the disease, 29 (24%) stage II, 74 (62%) stage III and 6 in stage IV. The lesser resection group included 45 (36%) Sq, 63 (51%) Ad and 16 other types with 71 (57%) patients in stage I, 9 (7%) stage II, 32 (26%) stage III and 12 stage IV. In patients with stages I-III, the 5-year survival rate was 42.8% for the Sq group and 41.1% for the Ad group in the case of lesser resections and 37.1% for the Sq group and 0% for the Ad group (p<0.05) in the case of pneumonectomy. The poorer prognosis for patients with Ad in the case of pneumonectomy was suspected to be due to the N factor; the percentage of patients with N0-1 was significantly lower in the Ad group than for the Sq group (28 vs 62%, p<0.005). Histologic cell type can be a prognostic factor for patients undergoing surgical treatments for NSCLC. One possible reason for the contrary results on prognosis by histologic cell type among investigators may be due to the mixed results of pneumonectomy and lesser resections.     

Two-Year Stability and Change of Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders.

The authors examined the stability of schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD) and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders (PDs) over 2 years of prospective multiwave follow-up. Six hundred thirty-three participants recruited at 4 collaborating sites who met criteria for 1 or more of the 4 PDs or for major depressive disorder (MOD) without PD were assessed with semistructured interviews at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Lifetable survival analyses revealed that the PD groups had slower time to remission than the MDD group. Categorically, PD remission rates range from 50% (AVPD) to 61% (STPD) for dropping below diagnostic threshold on a blind 24-month reassessment but range from 23% (STPD) to 38% (OCPD) for a more stringent definition of improvement. Dimensionally, these findings suggest that PDs may be characterized by maladaptive trait constellations that are stable in their structure (individual differences) but can change in severity or expression over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Executive function and theory of mind: Predictive relations from ages 2 to 4.

Despite robust associations between children's theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) skills, longitudinal studies examining this association remain scarce. In a socially diverse sample of 122 children (seen at ages 2, 3, and 4), this study examined (a) developmental stability of associations between ToM, EF, verbal ability, and social disadvantage; (b) continuity and change in ToM and EF; and (c) predictive relations between ToM and EF. Verbal ability and social disadvantage independently predicted changes in EF (but not ToM). Task scores improved with age and showed stable individual differences. The authors examined predictive relations between ToM and EF using partial correlations (controlling for age and verbal ability) and hierarchical regressions (that also controlled for social disadvantage and initial ToM and EF). The findings provide only partial support for the view that ToM is a prerequisite for EF but stronger support for the proposal that EF facilitates children's performance on ToM tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished contribution to education in psychology: Ellen P. Reese.

The Distinguished Teaching in Psychology award, which includes a check for $1,000, is given to the recipient for his or her contributions to the teaching of psychology. The following guidelines are used to determine the recipient: (a) demonstrated influence as a teacher of students who become outstanding psychologists, (b) development of effective teaching methods and/or teaching materials, (c) engagement in significant research on teaching, (d) development of innovative curricula and courses, (e) outstanding performance as a classroom teacher, (f) being an especially effective trainer of teachers of psychology, and (g) being responsible for administrative facilitation of outstanding teaching. This article provides a citation and a biography for Ellen P. Reese for her distinguished contribution to education in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)