水擦白板笔墨水的化学原理

随着科学的发展和白板笔应用的普及，白板笔墨水的性能也在不断改进和完善，本文主要报道了光敏水解褪色反应的化学原理以及在水擦白板笔墨水中的应用，所制备的水擦白板笔墨水书写后的字迹只要用水擦拭，其着色材料就可以迅速分解为无色、无毒的物质，既没有粉尘污染，也不存在有机溶剂的挥发，其核心成分是光敏水解褪色材料。     

隐色染料用于白板笔墨水的研究

白板笔作为绿色教具而出现,物理擦拭研究已较成熟。本研究采用目前研究较少的化学擦拭的方法制作可逆变色墨水笔。通过对染料及酸的筛选,溶剂的选择、配比的确定,酸的定量以及助剂的选择来分析墨水的各种影响因素,并进行墨水笔的性能测试。本实验制得的白板笔书写流畅、字迹鲜艳易擦、不污板,性能稳定,具有良好的应用前景。     

水性白板笔墨水的制备及性能研究

我国白板笔墨水研发时间较晚,水性墨水尚未普遍应用,市售白板笔多为醇溶型,气味大且干擦存在污板问题。本研究旨在解决当前存在的问题如表面张力过高引起的表面湿化问题等,提高水性墨水性能。通过改变表面活性剂的种类及其与成膜剂的配比,获得墨水与市售样品进行对比分析,探讨表面张力、pH值及黏度对墨水性能的影响,优化墨水配方。研究发现,当表面活性剂0P-10用量3.5%,PVA(聚乙烯醇)用量2%时,墨水pH值4-6,表面张力32mN/s左右,黏度20cp左右,装入墨水后的白板笔书写流畅,但干燥性有待提高,为国内水性白板笔墨水的研制与开发奠定基础。     

超吸水聚酯纤维面膜基布的制备与性能研究

采用新型超吸水聚酯纤维和黏胶纤维分别与普通聚酯纤维混纺,再经水刺加固工艺,制备不同混纺比及不同面密度的水刺面膜基布,测试并分析它们的力学性能、柔软性能、透气性能、透湿性能、吸液性能及保液性能,结果表明:新型超吸水聚酯纤维与普通聚酯纤维混纺制得的水刺面膜基布的厚度较薄,拉伸断裂强力大,柔软性好,透气性和透湿性明显优于黏胶/普通聚酯纤维混纺水刺面膜基布,吸液性能较黏胶/普通聚酯纤维混纺水刺面膜基布有所减小,保液性能优异。     

从新认识自动褪色笔

笔者在淘宝网上搜索“自动褪色笔”发现,有约3页的卖家,其中卖家所在地有上海、广州、杭州.从近期的售卖记录中记者看到,有的卖家多的一个月成交超过20笔.自动褪色笔被卖家分为水消笔和气消笔,水消笔就是用这种笔书写的笔迹在清水中可自动消失,而气消笔就是书写的笔迹在空气中就可以自动消失.     

新型"希力"系列毛皮染料染色性能研究

本文研究了环保型染料-新型"希力"系列毛皮染料的上染性能.通过毛皮染色应用试验、上染率和耐干/湿擦等项目的分析、检测,研究结果表明:新型"希力"系列毛皮染料色谱齐全,色泽自然,具有优良的上染率和耐干/湿擦坚牢度.染出的毛皮色泽饱满、均匀,并且该系列染料属安全型无毒染料,符合清洁化生产发展趋势,是性能优良的国产毛皮染料.     

植物中药抗菌止痒黏胶纤维的制备及性能研究

将具有抗菌止痒功效的复方植物中药提取物水溶液与黏胶纤维纺丝液共混纺丝,制备具有抗菌止痒功能的黏胶纤维,并对纤维的基本性能及抗菌止痒功能进行测试。结果表明,植物中药抗菌止痒黏胶纤维干态下的断裂强度为2.08 cN/dtex,比普通黏胶纤维略有降低;干态断裂伸长率为22.4%,比普通黏胶纤维增加9.2%;结晶度无显著变化。此外,抗菌止痒黏胶纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到98.78%,其提取液对透明质酸酶的抑制率为88.5%,无纺布斑贴试验结果为45 min后皮肤红值指数降低20%,而普通黏胶纤维无纺布的皮肤红值指数只降低13%,表明植物中药抗菌止痒黏胶纤维具有良好的抗菌止痒效果。     

新型记号笔

STAEDTLER最近又推出一款新型的记号笔,它不像传统的记号笔,因为它没有笔帽,就像一支圆珠笔一样。轻轻一按笔后面的按键,笔头就会收缩回去。它可以用于白板书写以及书面的书写形式,最重要的还是做标记。该款笔有四种颜色可供选择,而且所书写的文字可以保证长久不褪色。     

腿部手术罩布用水刺非织造基材的性能研究

选用30%聚酯纤维和70%粘胶纤维的混合纤维为原料,在清洁化水刺加工环境条件下,运用复合铺网工艺和特殊的圆形颗粒状鼓套研制腿部手术罩布用非织造基材。与使用复合铺网工艺和普通珍珠纹状鼓套生产的水刺非织造基材作性能对比,结果表明圆形颗粒状非织造基材吸液能力提高,且具有良好的液体纵向导流性;对圆形颗粒状非织造基材正反面的液体扩散性进行测试,结果表明该材料正面与皮肤接触更能满足腿部手术罩布基本性能的要求。     

新型“希力”系列毛皮染料染色性能的研究

本文研究了环保型染料—新型“希力”系列毛皮染料的上染性能。通过毛皮染色应用试验、上染率和耐干 /湿擦等项目的分析、检测 ,研究结果表明 :新型“希力”系列毛皮染料色谱齐全 ,色泽自然 ,具有优良的上染率和耐干 /湿擦坚牢度。染出的毛皮色泽饱满、均匀 ,并且该系列染料属安全型无毒染料 ,符合清洁化生产发展趋势 ,是性能优良的国产毛皮染料。     

Physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of carp and mammalian skin gelatin films

Films of 0.11 to 0.13 mm thickness were prepared using gelatins from the skins of cultured freshwater carp species and mammalian gelatins viz., porcine and bovine skin gelatin. A comparative study was made on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of these films. The amino acid composition, gel strength, clarity, and gel setting point of the gelatins were also determined. Carp skin gelatins had a lower imino acid content (19.16% to 20.86%) than mammalian skin gelatins (22.91% to 23.7%). Grass carp gelatin had gel strength of 230.2 B that is comparable to the reported value for bovine skin gelatin (227.2 B). The bloom values of rohu and common carp skin gelatins were 188.6 B and 181.3 B, respectively, which were significantly lower than mammalian gelatins. Mammalian gels have significantly higher (P < 0.05) setting temperatures (23.7 to 24.2 °C) than carp skin gelatins. Tensile strength (TS) was lowest for films from common carp and rohu skin gelatin (490 and 497 kg/cm(2), respectively) and highest for porcine skin gelatin film. The degree of transparency (L*) was significantly higher for films from grass carp, bovine hide, and pork skin gelatin films. Carp skin gelatin films had significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) than mammalian skin gelatin films, which indicated that carp skin gelatin based films have superior barrier properties than mammalian skin gelatin films.     

Rheological and Functional Properties of Catfish Skin Protein Hydrolysates

ABSTRACT:  Catfish skin is an abundant and underutilized resource that can be used as a unique protein source to make fish skin protein hydrolysates. The objectives of this study were to isolate soluble and insoluble proteins from hydrolyzed catfish skin, study the rheological and functional properties of the protein hydrolysates, and evaluate the properties of emulsions made from the protein powders. Freeze-dried catfish skin soluble (CSSH) and insoluble hydrolysate (CSISH) powders were analyzed for proximate analysis, emulsion stability, fat absorption, amino acids, color, and rheological properties. CSSH had significantly ( P  < 0.05) higher protein, ash, and moisture content but lower fat content than that of CSISH. The yield of CSSH (21.5%± 2.2%) was higher than that of CSISH (3%± 0.3%). CSISH had higher emulsion stability than CSSH. CSSH was light yellow in color and CSISH was darker. The mean flow index values for emulsion containing CSSH (ECSSH) and CSISH (ECSISH) were both less than 1, indicating that they were both pseudoplastic fluid. The   G '  and   G "  values for the ECSISH were higher than that of ECSSH, indicating that the viscoelastic characteristic of the emulsion containing CSISH was greater than that of the emulsion containing CSSH. The study demonstrated the CSSH and CSISH had good functional and rheological properties. They have potential uses as functional food ingredients.     

Mechanical and structural properties of rabbit skin gelatin films

In this article, the characteristics and structure of rabbit skin gelatin (RG) films were measured and compared with porcine skin gelatin (PG) films. The RG film was 8–10 μm thinner than that of PG film. RG films had better resistance to water and lower water solubility than did the PG film with the same gelatin and glycerol ratio due to the difference in their amino acid composition. The two types of gelatin films were almost transparent, which could give food a good appearance quality if these are used as packaging films. Both showed excellent barrier properties against UV light and could prevent the lipid oxidation reaction induced by ultraviolet light in the food system. The RG and PG films showed similar trends in mechanical properties as the change of their components. In general, the rigidity of the RG films was slightly lower than that of the PG films, but the flexibility was more prominent. This was due to intense interaction between gelatin molecules and glycerol molecules in RG films, but the dominant interaction was between the gelatin molecules in the PG films. The surfaces and cross-section microstructures of the RG and PG films were smooth and homogeneous, however for the RG films were more compact compared with the PG films.     

低黏度油墨和橡皮布对无水胶印印刷导电层的影响研究

近年来,随着全球市场对电子器件需求量的不断增长,许多科研院所及部分企业都在尝试利用传统印刷(柔印、凹印、网印等)和数码印刷(喷墨印刷等)技术来制作电子器件。为了实现电子器件的高沉积精度,对印刷技术提出了以下几点要求:线条无缺陷,有锐边且分辨率高;图层无针孔,均匀且表面光滑;墨层厚度较薄。     

温敏磁性防伪油墨研究

为提高磁性油墨的防伪功能,在探讨磁性油墨防伪机理的基础上,简述了选择较低"居里温度"的磁性材料研发防伪油墨的过程.该油墨的主要特点是在一定预设温度范围内,方可测定油墨印记的磁性存在,超过该设定温度范围,油墨印记磁性消失.使用温敏磁性油墨可增加产品标识的防伪力度.     

Micromechanical properties of almond kernels with various moisture content levels

Almond fruits are subjected to various mechanical stresses throughout production, from harvest to processing, storage and packaging. Kernel properties play an important role in reducing mechanical damage such as scratches and penetration of shell pieces. Knowledge of kernel properties under various conditions of the fruit can assist in optimising post-harvest and processing lines to minimise kernel damage and thus maximise final kernel quality. Kernel moisture content is one of the main attributes affecting the kernel’s response to mechanical processing. Increasing the kernel moisture content to an optimum level through wetting fruit prior to processing can lead to a reduced percentage of damaged kernel. Water added to the structure of kernels acted as a plasticiser and helped the kernels to absorb the mechanical load instead of fracturing and breaking into pieces. In this study, tests were conducted on almond kernels with different moisture content levels from 5.52 to 14.09g/100g wet basis. Kernels from a Nonpareil variety were tested in dried and wetted conditions. Test results showed that kernels with higher moisture content were able to undergo a larger deformation at a given force value in comparison with dry kernels. Average deformation for dry samples was from 0.12 mm, which increased to an average of 0.25 mm in wetted samples. The effect of skin on the mechanical properties of the kernels (with and without skin) was studied using a mechanical tester. The test results showed a peak force value in samples tested with skin in comparison with the kernels tested without skin.     

等离子体处理对芳砜纶机织物力学性能的影响

为改善芳砜纶机织物的服用性能,对其进行了低温等离子体处理.对处理前后织物力学性能指标的测试数据作数理统计分析表明,处理后织物的力学性能有一定程度降低,但不影响其使用性能;除悬垂性外,处理工艺中因素的各水平对其他力学性能没有显著影响.     

Chemical compositions and characterisation of skin gelatin from farmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas)

Gelatin was extracted from the skin of farmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) with a yield of 20.1 g/100 g skin sample on the basis of wet weight. The chemical composition and properties of gelatin were characterised. The gelatin had high protein (89.1 g/100 g) but low fat (0.75 g/100 g) content and contained a high number of imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) (211 residues per 1000 residues). Giant catfish skin gelatin had a slightly different amino acid composition than calf skin gelatin. The bloom strength of the gelatin gel from giant catfish skin gelatin (153 g) was greater than that of calf skin gelatin (135 g) (P < 0.05). Viscosity, foam capacity and foam stability of gelatin from giant catfish skins were in general greater than those of the gelatin from calf skin tested. SDS-PAGE of giant catfish skin gelatin showed a high band intensity for the major protein components, especially, α-, β- and γ-components and was similar to that of standard calf skin collagen type I.     

Chemical composition and characteristics of skin gelatin from grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus)

Gelatin was extracted from the skin of grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) by the acid extraction process with a yield of 5.67 g/100 g skin sample on the basis of wet weight. The chemical composition and functional properties of gelatin were investigated. The gelatin had high protein (89.94 g/100 g) but low fat (0.28 g/100 g) contents. Differences in the amino acid composition between grey triggerfish skin gelatin (GSG) and halal bovine gelatin (HBG) were observed. GSG contained a lower number of imino acids (hydroxyproline and proline) (176 residues per 1000 residues) than HBG (219 residues per 1000 residues), whereas the content of serine was higher (40 versus 29 residues per 1000 residues, respectively). The gel strength of the GSG (168.3 g) was lower than that of HBG (259 g) (p < 0.05) possibly due to lower hydroxyproline content. Grey triggerfish skin gelatin exhibited a slightly lower emulsifying activity and water-holding capacity but greater emulsifying and foam stability, foam formation ability and fat-binding capacity than the halal bovine gelatin (p < 0.05). SDS-PAGE of GSG showed high band intensity for the major protein components, especially, α- and β-components and a similar molecular weight distribution to that of standard calf skin collagen type I.     

Evaluation of the compatibility between low pressure melamine (LPM) film printing substrates and inkjet inks

Surface coated wood-based panels play a major role in the forest products industry as materials for construction and furniture elements in numerous interior and exterior applications. Their most important feature besides appropriate mechanical performance and chemical durability is an appealing visual appearance. In this contribution, recent research on the compatibility between two UV-curable inks and different melamine formaldehyde based surface films is presented. The surface texture properties of the printing substrates were investigated by roughness measurements. Substrate surface free energy was measured by contact angle measurements using three different testing liquids covering a wide range of polarities (glycerol, ethylene glycol and diiodomethane). The physical shape of the inkjet ink drops which were placed on the LPM printing substrates was monitored and recorded over time and used as an indicator for the wetting behavior of the tested inks and hence the printability. By combining contact angle and pendant drop measurements the surface tension of the inks was determined. The theoretical findings were confirmed by technological printing tests. To this end, as a hands-on method to establish ink-substrate wetting and compatibility flow coating tests were run and the most suitable ink was selected for printing. The printing results were closely related to the surface properties of the printing substrates.