锆磷氟复合乳浊釉的研制

本文着重介绍了锆磷氟复合乳浊釉的乳浊机理,以及基础釉对乳浊剂的影响。     

Opacified Glazes Produced by High-Temperature Firing for Sanitary Ceramicware

The possibility of producing glaze coatings for sanitary ceramicware without using toxic compounds, such as barium carbonate and zinc white, is discussed. The regularities of variations in the physicochemical properties of glazes (luster, whiteness, microhardness, TCLE) depending on their chemical composition are identified in correlation with their structural specifics and phase composition. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 7, pp. 21 – 24, July, 2005.     

Opacified Glazes Based on Liquating Glass of Low-Alkali Compositions

The vitrification processes in the Na₂O – MgO – CaO – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ system and the effect of the heat-treatment conditions on the location of the liquation regions, the nature, the structure, and the phase composition of liquating glasses and on the kinetics of the liquation processes are studied. Physicochemical parameters of the glasses that corroborate the presence of liquation-phase inversion are identified. Compositions for liquating glazes with a minimum content of zirconium-bearing opacifying components are developed.     

Interactions between Clay Bodies and Lead Glazes

A set of laboratory experiments has been developed to determine the nature and importance of the interaction between clay bodies and lead glazes during firing following different thermal paths (firing time and temperature, cooling rates) and using different glaze compositions and different bodies (illitic, kaolinitic, and calcareous clays). It is shown that the interaction consists of a digestion/diffusion process. This process involves (i) decomposition of the phases forming the clay body (digestion), (ii) chemical diffusion of elements between clay body and glaze, and (iii) formation of a layer (interface between clay and glaze) of small K-Pb feldspar crystallites.     

电镀锡铅合金

介绍了电子行业电镀可焊性锡铅合金体系发发展,比较了优缺点,认为烷基磺酸系是具有发展前途的电镀锡铅合金体系。     

Chemical States of Copper and Tin in Copper Glazes Fired under Various Atmospheres

R — O , N — R , and O — R firing operations produce copper red glazes resulting from the formations of Cu₂O, metallic copper, and both Cu₂O and metallic copper, respectively. The symbols O , N , and R denote oxidizing, neutral, and reducing atmospheres, respectively, and in the set of symbols, the former corresponds to the heating atmosphere and the latter to the successive cooling atmosphere. All other firing operations such as R — R and R — N fail to produce red glazes. The formation mechanisms of metallic copper and Cu₂O are postulated from a microscopic viewpoint.     

Recrystallization of Cerium Oxide in Porcelain Enamels

The effect of cerium oxide incorporated as the principal opacifying agent in the frit batch on the properties of white cover-coat porcelain enamels was studied. The effect of several variables on the opacity of the enamel was investigated as a function of firing temperature. Variables studied included (a) the amount of cerium oxide added, (b) the manner in which cerium oxide was incorporated into the enamel, i.e., mill addition, frit addition, or combination of both, (c) composition of the base glass, (d) weight of application, and (e) type of mill addition. Porcelain enamels were produced which had good acid resistance, high gloss, and a reflectance of 80% or more. Mill-added cerium oxide seemed to be less effective than that which was incorporated in the porcelain enamel as a component of the frit. The spectrophotometric analysis indicated good color stability of cerium oxide enamels.     

Improved Lead—acid Cells Employing Tin Oxide Coated Dynel Fibres with Positive Active-Material

A rapid-thermally-activated chemical reaction process has been employed to coat tin oxide onto Dynel fibres. Positive-limited 2 V/1.5 Ah lead-acid cells employing tin-oxide coated Dynel fibres as additive to positive active mass have been assembled and characterized under various operational conditions. In this manner, it has been possible to improve the positive active material utilization and particularly at higher discharge rates.     

甲基磺酸盐电镀锡铅合金

测定 了甲基 磺酸 盐电沉 积锡 铅合金 的阴 极极化 曲线, 镀液的 分散 能力、复盖能 力、合 金沉积 速度 及镀层的 焊接性能 ,并对结 果进行讨 论     

Effect of Zircon and Zirconia on Thermal Expansion of Lead Borosilicate Glazes

The effect of mill additions of zircon and zirconia on the linear thermal expansion and general fired properties of a series of ten lead borosilicate glazes was determined by the interferometer and by visual inspection. Appreciable reductions in thermal expansion were observed for the glazes containing zircon     

介孔氧化硅材料组装纳米氧化锡的研究

采用水热晶化法一步合成了掺杂不同锡含量(以n(Si)/n(Sn)表示)的介孔结构氧化硅(MPS)复合材料.通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM、UV-Vis等分析测试技术对样品的结构进行表征.结果表明,当n(Si)/n (Sn)=100时,大多数锡以四配位状态存在于MPS骨架中;随锡的含量增加到n(Si)/n (Sn)=50时,MPS孔道内出现晶态SnO2纳米颗粒,并保持了良好的介观有序度和孔结构;进一步添加锡到n(Si)/n (Sn)=10时,更多的纳米SnO2颗粒分布在MPS孔道中,但其有序度遭到一定程度的破坏.     

Microstructure Effects in Multidipped Tin Oxide Films

Porous ultrafine tin oxide films (particle size 70–90 Å) have been prepared from tin alkoxide by dip coating. The influence of the number of coating applications on the thickness, microstructure, and electrical properties of multidipped tin oxide films was investigated. With an increase in the number of coating applications, the porosity of the multidipped films decreased from 60% to 12%, but the particle size of the films increased. The resistivity of the films decreased from 5.5 × 10^–2 to 5.7 × 10^–3Ω·cm with increasing the number of coating applications from 1 to 10. This tendency of the resistivity to decrease is due to the microstructural change of the films with the number of coating applications. The microstructure, the surface structure, and the composition of the multidipped films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).     

Indium Tin Oxide@Carbon Core-Shell Nanowire and Jagged Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire

This paper reports two new indium tin oxide (ITO)-based nanostructures, namely ITO@carbon core–shell nanowire and jagged ITO nanowire. The ITO@carbon core–shell nanowires (~50 nm in diameter, 1–5 μm in length,) were prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process from commercial ITO nanoparticles. A carbon overlayer (~5–10 in thickness) was observed around ITO nanowire core, which was in situ formed by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene gas. This carbon overlayer could be easily removed after calcination in air at an elevated temperature of 700°C, thus forming jagged ITO nanowires (~40–45 nm in diameter). The growth mechanisms of ITO@carbon core–shell nanowire and jagged ITO nanowire were also suggested.     

基于科研活动的本科教学实践—超声辅助法制备纳米氧化铅

介绍一种超声辅助制备纳米氧化铅的大学开放实验,反应过程简单快速,可直观演示,同时结合测试表征也可以作为综合化学实验开设。     

Temperature Dependence of Electrical Condutivity in Polycrystalline Tin Oxide

The electrical conductivity of polycrystalline SnO₂ in air was measured between 400° and 1400°C using samples prepared by hot isostatic pressing and normal sintering. The apparent activation energy for conduction above 800°C was 1.3 to 1.4 eV in the hot isostatically pressed sample and 1.9 to 2.0 eV in the normally sintered sample. This difference can be interpreted as a result of the pore contributing an additional blocking effect to conduction. Also we found that the electrical conductivity above 1150°C bent down slightly from the linear regime when using a cumulative slope model.     

二丁基氧化锡合成方法的工艺改进

用复合溶剂代替乙醚作溶剂,通过格氏反应由四氯化锡制得粗四丁基锡(简称TBT),四丁基锡含量≥85%,三丁基氯化锡含量≤15%,将粗TBT与四氯化锡在催化剂的作用下反应,反应完毕后,将反应物用酸洗,分相制得粗二丁基氯化锡,再减压脱水制得精二丁基氯化锡,二丁基氯化锡和氢氧化钠反应制得二丁基氧化锡,以SnCl4为原料合成二丁基氧化锡的小试收率以含锡量计为95.26%.     

纳米晶SnO2合成的溶胶-凝胶制备方法

采用一种新的溶胶-凝胶法制备了氧化锡纳米晶.通过向硝酸锡溶液中加入酒石酸形成稳定的酒石酸锡的配合物,再向上述稳定的配合物溶液中滴加乙腈溶剂,配合物溶液出现了溶胶,再形成凝胶.对凝胶进行洗涤烘干后直接得到晶粒大小为4.5 nm的氧化锡纳米晶.200 ℃和400 ℃热处理得到的氧化锡纳米晶的晶粒大小分别为8.4 nm和13.7 nm.透射电子显微镜显示获得的纳米晶的分散性能很好.本方法对于无氯离子方法制备高纯度氧化物纳米晶具有推广意义.     

二氧化锡纳米粉体的制备及表征

本文以廉价的SnCl4·5H2O为母盐,分别以NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,采用溶胶—凝胶法和以CO(NH2)2为沉淀剂,利用微波水热法制备SnO2纳米粉体。利用X-射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),透射电镜(TEM)技术对产物进行表征。结果表明：溶胶—凝胶法制备的SnO2粉体颗粒约为80nm但颗粒大小分...     

铟锡氧化物陶瓷靶的现状

详细论述了铟锡氧化物陶瓷靶(ITO陶瓷靶)的生产工艺性能要求 ,重点介绍了利用ITO陶瓷靶生产的电子溅射产品———ITO透明导电膜玻璃的应用前景。     

掺锑氧化锡纳米晶体的制备及性能研究

以SnCl4.5H2O和SbCl3乙醇溶液为原料,用离子交换除氯水解法制备得到无氯离子的前驱体掺锑氢氧化锡胶体沉淀。采用了乙酸异戊酯有机溶剂作脱水剂以消除掺锑氢氧化锡胶体干燥过程中硬团聚的形成,并和常用的正丁醇共沸溶剂进行了粉体性能的比较。用BET、XRD和TEM等方法对前驱体和掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体进行表征。结果表明,乙酸异戊酯溶剂比正丁醇溶剂更有效防止了粉体干燥过程中硬团聚的形成;将乙酸异戊酯干燥所得掺锑氢氧化锡干粉经热处理后得到了高比表面积的掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体,并对晶粒的生长过程进行了研究。