氯醚橡胶／三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯的辐射交联

在氯醚橡胶中加入７－１０份强化交联剂三丙烯酸三羟甲基的丙烷酯，置于２．７×１０＾６Ｂｑ的钴－６０辐射源中辐照，当吸收剂量为４．５×１０＾４Ｇｙ时，可制得凝胶含量为６６．４％的硫化胶，实验结果表明，在一定的吸收剂量下，凝胶含量，拉伸强度及扯断伸长率均ＴＭＰＴＡ用量的增加而增加；当吸收剂量增加时，凝胶含量，拉伸强度和扯断伸长率则下降，下降趋势随ＴＭＰＴＡ用量的增加而逐渐减弱。     

SBS/P(St-MMA)热塑性互穿聚合物网络结构与力学性能

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法合成了苯乙烯一甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物[P(St-MMA)]。采用分步法制备了SBS／P(St-MMA)热塑性互穿聚合物网络(TIPN)。研究了P(St-MMA)质量分数、MMA／St(摩尔比,下同)和不同聚合方式对TIPN结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：生成了具有较窄相对分子质量分布的P(St-MMA);P(St-MMA)质量分数在30％,左右时,采用ATRP法制备的SBS／P(St-MMA)TIPN拉伸强度和扯断伸长率达到最大;随MMA／St增加,TIPN拉伸强度增大,扯断伸长率不变。常规自由基聚合法制备的TIPN与ATRP法相比,前者相对分子质量高,相对分子质量分布宽,拉伸强度高,扯断伸长率随P(St-MMA)质量分数增加而下降。     

丁苯橡胶热空气老化性能变化之间的相关性

通过热空气老化试验,建立了丁苯橡胶(SBR)热空气老化拉伸性能变化率与邵尔A硬度变化值之间的相关性。结果表明,在热空气老化过程中,无论是普通硫化体系还是有效硫化体系,SBR硫化胶老化后的邵尔A硬度变化值随老化时间的延长而呈指数趋势增加,且老化后扯断伸长率变化率与邵尔A硬度变化值之间呈线性关系;在普通硫化体系下,硫化胶表现为老化后扯断伸长率变化率和拉伸强度变化率随老化时间的延长而呈指数趋势下降,而老化后拉伸强度变化率与邵尔A硬度变化值之间以及拉伸强度变化率与扯断伸长率变化率之间呈线性关系。     

门尼黏度和结合丙烯腈质量分数对丁腈橡胶3604和2707力学性能和溶胀度的影响

研究了丁腈橡胶（NBR）3604和2707生胶门尼黏度和结合丙烯腈质量分数对硫化胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率及溶胀度的影响。结果表明，随着生胶门尼黏度的增加，NBR 3604和NBR 2707硫化胶的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率均呈线性增加的趋势，而溶胀度则均呈线性减小的趋势；NBR 3604和NBR 2707生胶门尼黏度每增加1个单位，硫化胶的拉伸强度分别增加0.15 MPa和0.02 MPa，扯断伸长率分别增加1.13%和1.30%，溶胀度分别减小0.02%和0.21%。随着结合丙烯腈质量分数的增加，NBR 3604和NBR2707硫化胶的拉伸强度均呈线性增大的趋势，而扯断伸长率和溶胀度则均呈线性减小的趋势；NBR 3604和NBR 2707结合丙烯腈质量分数每增加1%，硫化胶的拉伸强度均增加0.04 MPa，扯断伸长率分别减小0.08%和2.77%，溶胀度分别减小0.06%和0.25%。     

固相法氯化聚乙烯弹性体的结构与性能

采用固相氯化法制备了不同氯含量的氯化聚乙烯弹性体(CPE),考察了氯含量及制备条件对产物性能的影响,利用示差扫描量热仪研究了产物结晶度随氯含量及氯化条件变化的规律。氯含量为37％左右的CPE具有较好的强度和伸长率,在合适的氯含量范围内,高温(130℃)氯化程度增加时,产物弹性增加,拉伸强度降低。     

F2311型氟橡胶辐射作用下的力学性能研究

研究了在真空、空气和氮气气氛条件下,γ射线辐照剂量对F2311型氟橡胶相对分子质量、凝胶质量分数、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,随γ射线辐照剂量的增大,F2311型氟橡胶的平均相对分子质量、扯断伸长率和拉伸强度均减小;凝胶质量分数先减小后增大,在辐照剂量为750kGy时降到最低点,动态力学性能的变化规律与凝胶质量分数基本一致。     

结合苯乙烯质量分数对丁苯橡胶1778力学性能的影响

以2种组分的丁苯橡胶(SBR)1778(门尼黏度为47、环烷油质量分数为27.14%的SBR-1和门尼黏度为49、环烷油质量分数为27.18%的SBR-2)为研究对象,考察了SBR 1778的结合苯乙烯质量分数对其25 min 300%定伸应力(M_(25))、35 min 300%定伸应力(M_(35))、50 min 300%定伸应力(M_(50))、拉伸强度及扯断伸长率的影响。结果表明,随着结合苯乙烯质量分数的升高,SBR 1778的M_(25)、M_(35)、M_(50)及拉伸强度均线性升高,但扯断伸长率线性下降。结合苯乙烯含量每升高1%,SBR-1的M_(25)、M_(35)及M_(50)分别增加0.07,0.04,0.05 MPa,拉伸强度增加约0.08 MPa,扯断伸长率降低约0.49%;SBR-2的M_(25)、M_(35)及M_(50)分别增加0.06,0.04,0.05 MPa,拉伸强度增加约0.08 MPa,扯断伸长率降低约0.57%。     

聚苯乙烯增强室温硫化硅橡胶的制备及表征

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,使苯乙烯在α,ω-羟基聚(二甲基-甲基乙烯基)硅氧烷(PDM-MVS)中进行自由基聚合,制备了PDM-MVS/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物。将该共混物在室温下进行硫化,获得了PS增强的室温硫化硅橡胶,并对硅橡胶的力学性能和微观形态进行了表征。结果表明,目标硅橡胶的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率均随PDM-MVS中乙烯基质量分数的增加而增大,当乙烯基质量分数为1.50%时,其拉伸强度达3.9 MPa,扯断伸长率达416%,PS的增强效果明显;目标硅橡胶具有微相分离结构,PS作为分散相均匀分布于PDM-MVS连续相中,两相的相容性随着PDM-MVS中乙烯基质量分数的增加而增强。     

健身拉力器用彩色胶管的研制

健身拉力器是一种集健身和娱乐为一体的健身器材,深受人们喜爱。本文简要介绍了健身拉力器用彩色胶管的研制情况。１　产品性能要求和生产工艺确定（１）产品性能要求外观：光滑、无花皮和无气泡。物理性能：拉伸强度　≥１８ＭＰａ;扯断伸长率　≥８００％,邵尔Ａ型硬度　≥４０度;７０℃×１６６ｈ老化后：拉伸强度保持率　≥８０％;扯断伸长率保持率　≥８０％。（２）生产工艺确定由于对产品的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率要求较高,因此彩色胶管的生产工艺不宜采用干胶压出法,而应采用乳胶热敏压出法。２　胶料配方设计（１）主体材料的…     

胶粉氯化及改性PVC

通过水相悬浮法制备了氯化胶粉,并用氯化胶粉对聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行了改性。结果表明：提高反应温度和延长反应时间都可使胶粉氯含量增加;随氯化胶粉用量的增加,改性PVC的拉伸强度、弯曲强度下降,但其断裂伸长率提高;综合氯化胶粉的氯含量对PVC各项力学性能的影响程度,取氯质量分数为20％～40％时可对PVC起到较好的增韧效果,同时断裂伸长率增加。     

聚乳酸（PLA）／三醋酸甘油酯（TAc）的结晶性能研究

用三醋酸甘油酯（TAc）增塑聚乳酸（PLA）,研究了TAc对PLA在不同温度结晶时的结晶性能的影响。随着TAc的添加,PLA的结晶度与其球晶生长速率逐渐增加,断裂伸长率增大,抗张强度降低。TAc的最佳添加量为25％。研究不同温度等温结晶时PLA/TAc的机械性能以及晶体形态的影响,发现结晶温度升高,PLA/TAc的球晶生长速率减小,抗张强度增大,断裂伸长率降低。     

SEBS-g-MAH对PPS性能的影响

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同配比的聚苯硫醚(PPS)/马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)共混物,采用热失重方法,分析了SEBS-g-MAH对PPS热稳定性能的影响,并且通过差示扫描量热分析法研究了SEBS-g-MAH对PPS结晶性能的影响,同时研究了PPS/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的力学性能。结果表明,共混物的热稳定性较纯PPS有所下降;PPS结晶峰宽度随SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加先减小后增大,结晶速率和结晶度较纯PPS减小,但对熔点影响较小;SEBS-g-MAH的加入使共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率增大,韧性增加。当SEBS-g-MAH含量为40%时,缺口冲击强度为13.1 k J/m2,断裂伸长率为13.7%,但拉伸强度较纯PPS下降,为54.2 MPa。     

Chemical Modification of Chitosan-Filled Polypropylene (PP) Composites: The Effect of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Chitosan was used as filler in polypropylene (PP) polymer. In order to improve compatibility between chitosan and PP, chitosan was chemically modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE). The results show that the increasing of filler content decreased tensile strength and elongation at break, but increased Young's modulus of composites. The treated composites exhibit higher tensile strength and Young's modulus, but lower elongation at break compared untreated composites. The addition of 3-APE has improved thermal properties such as thermal stability and crystallinity of treated composites. SEM study of the tensile fracture surface of treated composites shows better interfacial interaction and adhesion between the chitosan-PP matrix.     

部分硫化的PP／LDPE／EPDM共混体系的研究

讨论了部分硫化的PP/LDPE/EPDM共混体系的硫化体系、硫化温度、硫化时间以及碳黑、滑石粉对性能的影响。结果表明:过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)与硫磺的配合使用使共混物的拉伸强度和硬度得到提高,断裂伸长率和压缩永久变形降低;碳黑与滑石粉配合使用且配比为15/15时,共混物的性能相对较好。     

Effect of ethylene-propylene copolymer with residual PE crystallinity on mechanical properties and morphology of PP/HDPE blends

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends modified by ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPC) with residual PE crystallinity were investigated. The EPC showed different interfacial behavior in PP/HDPE blends of different compositions. A 25/75 blend of PP/HDPE (weight ratio) showed improved tensile strength and elongation at break at low EPC content (5 wt %). For the PP/HDPE = 50/50 blend, the presence of the EPC component tended to make the PP dispresed phase structure transform into a cocontinuous one, probably caused by improved viscosity matching of the two components. Both tensile strength and elongation at break were improved at EPC content of 5 wt %. For PP/HDPE 75/25 blends, the much smaller dispersed HDPE phase and significantly improved elongation at break resulted from compatibilization by EPC copolymers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

取向PAN/MWCNTs与热塑性聚烯烃复合材料的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝并借助高速旋转的滚筒和热牵引作用制备不同取向度的聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管（PAN/MWCNTs）纳米纤维膜,通过高速滚筒和热牵引提高PAN的结晶度从而提高材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量,但会降低断裂伸长率;MWCNTs含量为0.5%（质量分数,下同）时PAN/MWCNTs力学性能最佳。利用浸渍法将各种取向度的PAN/MWCNTs纳米纤维膜与热塑性弹性体（POE）制备成一系列POE/PAN/MWCNTs复合材料（POE/PM）。结果表明,高取向度POE/h-P2M复合材料的拉伸强度比不取向POE/u-PME复合材料高71%,拉伸强度显著提高,断裂伸长率则减小,PAN/MWCNTs纳米纤维膜含量为6.7%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

Characterization and Properties of Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films with Butyl Methacrylate Using Ionic Liquid

Regenerated cellulose biocomposite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch and microcrystalline cellulose were prepared using N,N-dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride. The effects of oil palm empty fruit bunch contents and butyl methacrylate on properties of regenerated cellulose biocomposite films were investigated. At 2?wt% of untreated oil palm empty fruit bunch content showed highest crystallinity index, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and thermal stability but lower elongation at break than other oil palm empty fruit bunch content. The treated regenerated cellulose biocomposite films with butyl methacrylate showed better tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal stability, and crystallinity index while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study showed interaction between cellulose and butyl methacrylate.     

CaCO3填料对聚丁烯-1热塑性弹性体防水卷材性能的影响

考察了CaCO3用量对聚丁烯-1热塑性弹性体防水卷材物理力学性能和热氧老化及碱老化后性能的影响。结果表明:随着CaCO3用量的增加,材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、定伸应力、断裂伸长率等均呈下降趋势;经过80℃×168h热氧老化后,随着CaCO3用量的增加材料的断裂伸长保持率逐渐下降,拉伸强度保持率逐渐增大,硬度上升;经过10%NaOH168h腐蚀后,随着CaCO3用量的增加,材料断裂伸长保持率先下降后上升,而材料的拉伸强度保持率先上升后基本保持不变;CaCO3的最佳用量为80phr。     

Polyethylene‐Palygorskite nanocomposite prepared via in situ coordinated polymerization

A polyethylene/palygorskite nano‐composite (IPC composite) was prepared via an in‐situ coordinated polymerization method, using TiCl₄ supported on palygorskite fibers as catalyst and alkyl aluminum as co‐catalyst. These composites were compared with those prepared by melt blending (MBC composites). It was found that in the IPC composites, nano‐size fibers of palygorskite were uniformly dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. In contrast, in the MBC composites, the palygorskite was dispersed as large clusters of fibers. Regarding the mechanical properties of the IPCs, the tensile modulus increased and the elongation at break decreased with increasing fiber content, while the tensile strength passed through a maximum. The tensile strength and elongation at break were much smaller for the MBC composites. The final degree of crystallinity of the IPC composites decreased with increasing palygorskite content. Regarding the kinetics of crystallization, the ratio between the degree of crystallinity at a given time and the final one was a universal function of time. It was found that large amouns of gel were present in the IPC composites and much smaller amountes in the MBC composites.     

ACR增韧聚乳酸的力学性能研究

采用丙烯酸酯类树脂(ACR)作为改性剂增韧改性聚乳酸(PLA),研究了ACR用量对PLA力学性能等的影响.结果表明,PLA的断裂伸长率随着ACR用量的升高逐渐增加.当ACR质量分数为5%时,相比纯的PLA增加了2倍左右.当ACR用量到达8%时,断裂伸长率增加了3倍左右,PLA的韧性达到最大.拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别降低了13%、15%.由此可见PLA样品在弯曲强度和拉伸强度损失不大的情况下,其韧性随着ACR用量的升高而增加.