国内外含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能研究现状

介绍了硼及其含硼富燃料推进剂的燃烧特性，综述了国内外在调节含硼富燃料推进剂的点火、燃烧性能所采取的技术途径，提出了改善含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的方法。     

含硼富燃料推进剂配方初步优化

针对含硼富燃料推进剂热值高，燃烧性能差的特点，介绍了一种低成本的含硼富燃料推进剂可燃性的实验测定方法，利用该方法对含硼富燃料推进剂三个主要组分的不同配比进行了大范围的测试。给出了含硼富燃料推进剂的可燃区间，同时发现当氧化剂含量一定时，金属燃料和粘合剂体系之间存在一个燃烧性能最佳的配比。结合该推进剂的工艺特点，给出了其燃烧性能调节的范围。     

燃料组分对含硼富燃料推进剂一次燃烧性能的影响

对含不同金属添加剂(镁、铝及镁铝合金)、不同硼粉粒度及硼粉含量的含硼富燃料推进剂分别进行了爆热(Qv)、燃烧温度(Tf)和成气率(η)测试,对比研究了金属组分对含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:镁比铝能提高含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热值、燃烧温度和成气率;镁铝合金比镁更能降低含硼富燃料推进剂爆热及燃烧温度,且提高推进剂燃烧的成气率;当硼粉粒度较粗或较细时,含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热及燃烧温度均较高,而成气率较低,硼粉粒度适中时,推进剂的爆热值及燃烧温度均较低,而成气率较高;硼粉含量增大(氧化剂AP的含量减小),含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热、成气率均降低,而燃烧温度升高。     

含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的研究进展

对国内外含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的研究状况进行了综述,总结了提高含硼富燃料推进剂一次喷射效率和二次燃烧性能所采取的技术途径,主要包括硼粒子的表面包覆、推进剂配方的调整、燃气发生器喷管结构的改进、空燃比的变化、合理燃气喷射方式的选择、进气方式、二次进气间距以及进气量的优化等,这些改进可使含硼富燃料推进剂一次喷射效率提高,燃烧残渣减少,二次燃烧效率也大幅度改善。     

RDX/HMX对含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的影响（英）

制备了5种含RDX/HMX的含硼富燃料推进剂,并探讨了RDX/HMX对推进剂燃烧性能的影响。     

硼粒子表面包覆的研究进展

对硼粒子包覆材料提出了要求,简要介绍了用钛、锆、镁、GAP、AP、LiF等物质包覆硼粉的工艺过程和包覆机理,并阐述了包覆后硼粉对含硼贫氧推进剂工艺及燃烧性能的影响。研究结果表明,包覆是改善制药工艺过程以及提高含硼推进剂燃烧性能的主要途径。     

改善含硼高能贫氧推进剂燃烧特性的技术途径

综述了国内外对含硼贫氧推进剂燃烧特性及其改进技术的研究成果，结果表明，硼粉具有高燃烧热值，但点火性能和燃烧特性较差，采用硼粉表面包覆，添加易燃金属和高能粘合剂等技术是改善硼粉点火和燃烧特性的有效途径。     

膏体富燃料推进剂冲压发动机挤压输送特性试验研究

对两种膏体富燃料推进剂(含硼推进剂和铝镁推进剂)进行了挤压输送安全性试验与输送特性试验研究,证明两种膏体富燃料推进剂在1.5~8.0 MPa下挤压输送及喷射是安全可靠的,并进行了膏体富燃料推进剂冲压发动机一次燃烧摸底试验。试验证明,工作安全,喷射、点火、燃烧正常。     

硼颗粒点火和燃烧研究进展

综述了国内外硼颗粒点火和燃烧的研究状况;讨论了改善硼颗粒点火和燃烧行为的途径。指出硼表面的氧化物是造成硼点火困难和燃烧效率低的主要因素。在含硼推进剂中使用细粒么匠硼,对硼进行包覆并添加其它组分,可提高硼在推进剂中的利用效率。     

含金属推进剂在管道火箭中的燃烧

研究含金属推进剂的燃烧特性旨在获得用于管道火箭的最佳推进剂。试验测定了含镁-铝合金和硼粒子的推进剂燃速和补燃效率,并计算了与燃料和空气混合比的函数关系。由50％镁-铝合金、20％端羟基聚丁二烯及30％的过氯酸铵组成的推进剂在补燃室中非常有效地燃烧。而由30％硼、40％过氯酸铵及30％端羟基聚丁二烯组成的推进剂燃烧效率却不佳,原因是硼粒子燃烧不完全。在含硼推进剂中加入5％～10％的镁-铝合金可增加燃烧效率。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.