旋转流管式微滤膜的流场探测及分离性能研究

利用水力旋流器原理采用切向进料使膜器环隙产生旋转流,为探明旋转流场的特征,应用PIV(粒子图像测速技术)测试系统进行了实测,结果表明环隙中存在起强化过滤作用的类Taylor涡。在此基础上对旋转流场进行了过滤分离实验,以探讨旋转流场中的进料方式、悬浮液质量分数和操作压力对过滤的影响。研究发现由于存在旋转流和二次涡流的剪切强化作用使得在相同工况下旋转流过滤的稳定通量达到普通轴向流的4—10倍,这表明旋转流过滤是一种有效的膜过滤强化方法之一,由此为进一步探讨旋转流膜过滤强化机理,减少浓差极化和膜污染提供实验依据。     

Effect of spinning temperature and blend ratios on electrospun chitosan/poly(acrylamide) blends fibers

We report the formation of non-woven fibers without bead defects by electrospinning blend solutions of chitosan and polyacrylamide (PAAm) with blend ratios varying from 75 wt% to 90 wt% chitosan using a modified electrospinning unit wherein polymer solutions can be spun at temperatures greater than ambient up to 100 °C. Electrospinning at elevated temperature leads to further expansion of the processing window, by producing fibers with fewer defects at higher chitosan weight percentage in the blends. Effects of varying blend ratios, spinning temperatures, and molecular weights on fiber formation were studied and optimum conditions for formation of uniform non-woven fiber mats with potential applications for air and water filtration were obtained. Uniform bead-less fiber mats with fiber diameter as low as 307 ± 67 nm were formed by spinning 90% chitosan in blend solutions at 70 °C.     

Effect of wall velocities on the determination of optimal separation times in electrical field flow fractionation (EFFF)

Electrical field flow fractionation (EFFF) has two perpendicular driving forces that help to produce an optimal separation of solute in a mixture [Giddings, Science 1993; 260:1456–1465]. For Couette flow based devices, the ratio of the velocity of the capillary walls offers an extra parameter that can be exploited to enhance the efficiency of EFFF applications. The analysis of the effects of this parameter on optimal times of separation is the subject matter of this contribution. The use of this additional parameter increases flexibility in the design of new devices for the improvement of the separation of solutes, such as proteins, DNA, and pharmaceuticals, as it will be illustrated with the results of this analysis (Jaroszeski et al., 2000 ; Trinh et al., 1999 ). The analysis has been illustrated by selecting parameter values that represent a number of potential useful applications. A set of five parameters (i.e., z, the valence; µ, electrophoretic mobility; Pe, Peclet number; Ω, the orthogonal applied electrical field; and R, the ratio of channel wall velocities) has been combined to obtain the best operating conditions for optimal separation of solutes. Results indicate that R, the ratio of the channel wall velocities, is actually the most important driving parameter.     

回灌过程中离子强度和水流流速对胶体粒子在多孔介质中堵塞的影响

人工回灌过程中的堵塞问题一直是影响其推广的瓶颈,目前回灌过程中大颗粒悬浮物导致的堵塞机理研究较多,对胶体类颗粒物的堵塞机理研究相对少。采用室内砂柱实验,研究不同离子强度和不同水流流速条件下胶体在饱和多孔介质中的迁移-滞留特征。选择大肠杆菌为实验胶体,设计在不同离子强度、不同水流条件下的砂柱回灌实验;运用Hydrus-1D软件模拟,拟合穿透曲线后得到表征胶体沉积的相关参数。实验结果表明,在相同的离子强度下,流速增大会促进胶体的迁移,穿透曲线峰值增高,胶体的吸附率减小。在中等离子强度条件下（IS=30、50 mmol·L^-1）流速对胶体的这种影响比在更低的离子强度（≤10 mmol·L^-1）或更高的离子强度（≥300 mmol·L^-1）条件下更为显著;相反地,同一流速条件下,离子强度从10 mmol·L^-1升高到300 mmol·L^-1时,胶体的吸附随着离子强度的增加而迅速增加。从胶体和介质相互作用势能来看,随着离子强度的增加,胶体和砂表面的相互作用增强,有利于胶体吸附在介质表面,增加介质堵塞的概率。但是,在一定的离子强度下,流速的增加产生的水动力剪切力有利于促进胶体的迁移,不利于胶体的吸附或阻塞,减少了微小颗粒堵塞的概率。模拟结果显示吸附速率系数k、最大固相沉积量S_max随着离子强度的增大而增大,随着流速的增大而减小。从整体上来看,回灌过程中胶体微粒的迁移滞留行为主要受控于离子强度,但水流因素会干扰离子强度的控制作用。在实际的人工回灌过程中,有效的预防堵塞需要将化学（降低离子强度）和水动力（增加回灌水流速）手段有效地结合起来。     

Nanofiltration of NaCl solutions using a SPPO membrane (BQ01) Part 2. Membrane behavior with an electric field

Experimental investigation of electric field enhanced-nanofiltration (called electro-nanofiltration) is reported for sodium chloride solutions. Electro-nanofiltration performance was quantified under several conditions of concentration, electric potential magnitude and polarity. As reported in Part 1 of this study [1], the membrane evaluated, namely BQ01, displayed a different response with respect to pure water and NaCl solution permeation. In this part the influence of various electric fields on BQ01 performance is reported. The other operating parameters are set up identically as the previous study. Electric field application was found to outshine the increase in effective pore size that was usually observed with BQ01 membranes in the presence of electrolytes (without an electric field). As a result, dynamic permeability decreases when an electric field is applied compared to when no electric field is applied. The evolution of the separation factor and pH regarding concentration, electric potentials and polarity were also reported.     

Novel ultrafiltration membranes with adjustable charge density based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) block copolymers and their tunable protein separation performance

A novel poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) block copolymer was prepared from previously synthesized fluoride terminated oligomer (A₁₆) and hydroxyl terminated oligomer (B₁₂) by aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation reaction. PAES was subsequently sulfonated under controlled conditions to yield a copolymer (S-PAES) with sulfonic acid groups selectively in the B₁₂ segments and without chain degradation. Non-solvent induced phase separation method was used to prepare a series of ultrafiltration membranes from blends of S-PAES and PAES with varied ratios and, hence, sulfonic acid group densities. Porous membrane morphologies, structure and surface properties were characterized comprehensively using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode, as well as contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Studies of membrane performance revealed systematically increasing water permeabilities and reduced protein fouling tendencies with increasing fraction of S-PAES in the membrane. The protein transmission as function of pH value (and hence protein charge) was studied for two model proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) and found to be controlled by combined size exclusion and charge effects. The selectivity for the separation of the binary protein mixture could be systematically increased with increasing membrane charge density (by increasing S-PAES fraction). Consequently, the trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity for conventional ultrafiltration membranes where separation is based on size exclusion solely could be overcome. Due to their high stability and tunable functionality, the PAES block copolymers have also large potential as membrane material for other applications.     

Interaction of microcrystalline chitosan with Ni(II) and Mn(II) ions in aqueous solution

The protonation constant of the NH₂ function was determined by the method of Katchalsky and Spitnik and by the SUPERQUAD fitting procedure. Samples with higher concentrations of chitosan indicated aggregations of polymer chains, which led to a loss in the effective concentration of the ligand (L). It followed, as a result of potentiometric titrations, that an excess of L of microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh) with a deacetylation degree of 0.90 was a complexing agent toward the metal (M), which was Ni(II) or Mn(II). Species ML and ML₂ were accepted by SUPERQUAD for both of the M's, where coordination occurred via the amino nitrogen. For Ni(II), however, the hydroxyl oxygen may also have been an electron‐pair donor at lower excesses of MCCh and, by that, made possible the formation of five‐membered chelate rings in the hydroxyl deprotonated MLH_‐1 species. The evaluated formation constants were compared with the values known until now for monomeric D ‐glucosamine. Additional confirmation of the M–L interaction was determined by the spectrophotometric titration of a Ni(II)–MCCh solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2572–2577, 2005     

Effect of an electric field on the transport of Th(IV) in the presence of Eu(III) and U(VI) through supported liquid membrane containing di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid

This paper investigates the transport of Th(IV) ions in nitric acid media through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) impregnated with di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid (HDEHP) in kerosene using an electric field. The transport was carried out in a three compartment cell fitted with microporous cellulose nitrate (SLM) and cation exchange membrane (Nafion). The effect of different parameters including nitric acid concentration in the feed solution, HDEHP concentration in the membrane, and HCl concentration were studied. The optimal conditions for Th(IV) transport were 0.1 mol dm^?3 HDEHP, 10^?3 mol dm^?3 HNO₃ in the feed solution, 1 mol dm^?3 HCl in compartment 2 and 1 mol dm^?3 HCl in compartment 3 at 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions of Th(IV) transport the recovery factor after 90 min was 0.25 without applying an electrostatic field, compared with 0.9 when the electric field was applied. The effect of electric current on the flux of Th(IV) through the membrane was also studied. The flux increased as the current density increased from 10 to 30 mA cm^?2 to reach a maximum value at 30 mA cm^?2 (8 × 10^?9 g eq cm^?2 s^?1). The transport percentages of 0.3 g dm^?3 Th(IV) in the presence of 0.1 g dm^?3 Eu(III) and 1 g dm^?3 U(VI) were 66, 84 and 15%, respectively. The determined selectivities of U(VI)–Th(IV) and Th(IV)–Eu(III) were 0.12 and 0.3, respectively, after 90 min. Therefore, the order of selectivity of this system is Eu(III) > Th(IV) > U(VI). © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of oscillation amplitude on velocity distributions in an oscillatory baffled column (OBC)

This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of oscillation amplitude in oscillatory baffled column (OBC) using computational fluid dynamics. The numerical work was carried out for single phase liquid flow for an unsteady 3-D model using commercial software, Fluent (2006). This work was concentrated on the effect of oscillation amplitude. Three amplitudes of 5, 10 and 15 mm with constant frequency of 1 Hz are applied. Vortex and cycle average velocities at different points are analyzed. The studies show the maximum velocity for 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm in an OBC are 0.11 m/s, 0.25 m/s and 0.40 m/s respectively in the first cycle of oscillation. At a constant frequency, greater oscillation amplitude displaces the liquid to a further distance and builds a larger vortex. Vortex length was 1.5 times bigger when oscillation amplitude changes from 5 mm to 10 mm and 2 times when the amplitude is triple from 5 mm. The detailed validation is presented somewhere else; this research is focused on the effect of oscillation.     

Effects of retained natural organic matter (NOM) on NOM rejection and membrane flux decline with nanofiltration and ultrafiltration

Two natural source waters containing natural organic matter (NOM) with different physical and chemical characteristics were dead-end filtered using five types of membranes having different material and geometric properties. In this study retained dissolved organic carbon (DOC) per unit membrane area is introduced as a better parameter compared to permeate volume, time, and delivered DOC to provide a reasonable comparison of NOM rejection and flux-decline trends. Retained DOC/NOM was calculated, which influences NOM concentration polarization at the membrane interface, and transport measurements of NOM rejection and flux decline were made. Molecular weight (MW) distribution measurements (by size exclusion chromatography) were used to calculate the average MW of the NOM. This persuasively demonstrated that the nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of a membrane is not the unique predictor of rejection characteristics for NOM composites. The charge density of NOM from the source waters was measured to estimate its effects on NOM rejection and flux decline during filtration. The contact angle of the membranes was used to determine hydrophobic interactions between NOM and membrane. All filtration measurements were performed at approximately the same permeate flow rate in order to minimize artifacts from mass transfer at the membrane interface. ESNA having a nominal MWCO of 200 Daltons showed NOM rejection greater than 95% and flux decline lower than 10% under a condition of a retained DOC of 0.5 mg C/cm² for the feed source waters. The other membranes having larger membrane pores (nominal MWCOs ranging from 8,000 to 20,000 Daltons) than the ESNA showed NOM rejection ranging from 68% to 86% and flux decline ranging from 5% to 17% at the same retained DOC for the waters.     

Aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes based on sunlight and utilization of the end product [bis(2‐hydroxyethylene) terephthalamide] as an ingredient in the anticorrosive paints for the protection of steel structures

The increasing demand for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymer, the simultaneous shortage in landfill disposal spaces, and known problems associated with PET waste specifically (e.g., its nonbiodegradability and huge accumulation) are challenges with which mankind must cope nowadays. In this study, PET postconsumer bottle wastes were cut to very small slides and then subjected to an aminolysis process with ethanol amine as a degradative agent in the presence of one catalyst from three used in this study. These catalysts were dibutyl tin oxide, sodium acetate, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The reaction was performed in sunlight: a beneficial, clean, cheap, and renewable source of energy. The end product, which was a white precipitate of bis(2‐hydroxyethylene) terephthalamide, was subjected to spectrophotometric and thermal analyses. The product was characterized to asses its suitability for use in pigments in anticorrosive paint formulations. In general, this process was a green, environmentally friendly degradation based on the utilization of solar energy for the aminolysis reaction using simple, cheap, available chemicals as catalysts. The originality of this study was derived from the use of waste materials to yield a product with beneficial applications in the field of corrosion inhibition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Ultra-fast firing: Effect of heating rate on sintering of 3YSZ,with and without an electric field

It has recently been reported that ceramics can be sintered in a few seconds with the aid of an electric field (“flash sintering”). This investigation tests the possibility that the accelerated sintering is a consequence of the rapid heating rate involved rather than a direct effect of the electric field on mass transport. The sintering of 3YSZ powder compacts at a temperature of ∼1300 °C was compared (i) in flash sintering, (ii) with rapid heating rates produced without the application of an electric field, and (iii) with conventional heating rates. The results show that rapid heating can accelerate sintering by over 2 orders of magnitude compared with heating to the same temperature at conventional rates, even without the application of an electric field. It is concluded that the rapid densification in flash sintering of 3YSZ is at least partly a consequence of the rapid heating involved. Possible explanations are discussed.     

Adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) in aqueous solution on hollow chitosan microspheres

Cross‐linked chitosans synthesized by the inverse emulsion cross‐link method were used to investigate adsorption of three metal ions [Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I)] in an aqueous solution. The chitosan microsphere, was characterized by FTIR and SEM, and adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) ions onto a cross‐linked chitosan was examined through analysis of pH, agitation time, temperature, and initial concentration of the metal. The order of adsorption capacity for the three metal ions was Cd²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Ag⁺. This method showed that adsorption of the three metal ions in an aqueous solution followed the monolayer coverage of the adsorbents through physical adsorption phenomena and coordination because the amino (? NH₂) and/or hydroxy (? OH) groups on chitosan chains serve as coordination sites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effect of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether additive on the structure,morphology, and performance of polysulfone flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane

In this work, effects of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) 5000 additive on the structure, morphology, and performance of polysulfone (PSF) membrane have been investigated. The membranes are prepared with direct blending of PEGME5000 (0–9 wt %) with two compositions of PSF (12 and 15 wt %) into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and further characterized in terms of morphology, structure, fouling, and ultrafiltration performance. The ternary phase diagram is plotted to investigate the thermodynamic stability of the system. Moreover, protein adsorption tests are conducted using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to see the effect of PEGME5000 on surface hydrophilicity. The ultrafiltration experiments are performed using humic acid (HA) solution and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. The result showed that, the contact angle decreased from 64° to 46° and from 67.6° to 49° for 12M and 15M membranes, respectively, indicating an improved hydrophilicity. The 12M and 15M membranes with 9 wt % of PEGME5000 have the lowest BSA adsorption due to highest antifouling property. The maximum permeability was obtained 0.72 and 0.51 L/m² h kPa for 12M5 and 15M3, respectively, due to maximum porosity which is also supported by the morphological result. In HA permeation, 12M5 and 15M3 achieved a maximum Flux _RR around 0.95 and 0.91, respectively, which was remarkably higher compared to 0.61 and 0.62 Flux _RR of 12M0 and 15M0. Also, PEGME5000 significantly affected the structure and morphology of the membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47163.     

Effect of an organoclay on the reaction‐induced phase‐separation kinetics and morphology of a poly(ether imide)/epoxy mixture

Organically modified layered silicates with a hydroxyl‐substituted quaternary ammonium surfactant as the modifier were incorporated into a mixture of poly (ether imide) and epoxy with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone as the hardener. The influence of the organically modified layered silicates on the reaction‐induced phase‐separation kinetics and morphology of the poly(ether imide)/epoxy mixture was investigated with time‐resolved small‐angle light scattering, phase‐contrast microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The phase‐separation kinetics were analyzed by means of the temporal evolution of scattering vector q _m and scattering intensity I_m at the scattering peak. The organically modified layered silicates obviously facilitated an earlier onset of phase separation but reduce the phase‐separation rate and greatly retarded the domain‐coarsening process in the late stage of spinodal decomposition. The temporal evolution of both q _m and I_m followed the power law q _m ～ (t ? t_os)^?α and I_m ～(t ? t_os)^?β, where t is the reaction time, t_os is the onset time of phase separation, and α and β are growth exponents. For the samples filled with organically modified layered silicates, α crossed over from 0 to about 1/3, following Binder–Stauffer cluster dynamics, and an interconnected phase structure was observed for cure temperatures ranging from 120 to 230°C. For the unfilled samples, the interconnected phase structure was observed only at cure temperatures below 140°C. At temperatures above 150°C, α crossed over from 0 to 1/3 < α ≤ 1 under the interfacial tension effect, following Siggia's theory, and the domain‐coarsening rate was very fast; this resulted in macroscopic epoxy‐rich domains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1205–1214, 2007     

Chelate membrane from poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-salicylidene allyl amine) blend. III. Effect of Mn(II) and Co(II) on oxygen/nitrogen separation

Facilitated transport of oxygen through Co(II) and Mn(II) chelate membranes from poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-salicylidene allyl amine) was investigated. As the membranes became chelated, oxygen diffusivity decreased and the solubility toward oxygen was enhanced. The oxygen permeability of the base poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-salicylidene allyl amine) membrane was 2.6 × 10⁻³ cm³(STP)cm/cm² cm Hg sec (barrer), and the selectivity toward oxygen was 2.2. As Co(II) was introduced into this membrane, oxygen permeability and oxygen selectivity increased to 2.82 × 10⁻² barrer and 8.5, respectively. The permeability and selectivity of Mn(II) chelate membrane were 3.28 × 10⁻² and 5, respectively. A major reason for the increased selectivity was the enhanced solubility of oxygen in chelate membrane upon chelation. The transport behavior of chelate membranes followed a dual-mode transport, and the parameters were estimated and compared between Co(II) and Mn(II) membranes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 483–490, 1997     

软硬性填料对MBR处理效率和膜污染的影响

膜生物反应器（MBR）在污水处理领域的应用日益广泛,填料的投加对MBR污水处理效率和膜污染进程有一定的影响。本文分别向MBR中投加不同量的软性和硬性悬浮填料,研究了悬浮填料对MBR运行效率及膜污染的影响。结果表明,投加填料后MBR对COD、氨氮和总磷等污染物的处理效率有所提高,明显减缓了膜污染的进程。软性填料对MBR的改善效果优于硬性填料,投加20%的软性填料时,系统对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别可达96.53%、98.21%和52.75%,系统运行30天时的膜污染情况比未投加填料的系统减缓了41.43%。通过对比发现软性填料能够为微生物提供更大的生存空间,提高反应器内的微生物量,从而提高MBR对污水的处理效率同时改善膜污染,是一种加强MBR系统的适宜填料,最佳投加量为反应器有效体积的20%。     

Permeability of vitamin B-12 in chitosan membranes. Effect of crosslinking and blending with poly(vinyl alcohol) on permeability

The permeability and diffusion of vitamin B-12 in chitosan, crosslinked chitosans, and chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends were studied using “lag time” technique. Apparently the diffusion coefficient, D, for both crosslinked and blended chitosan membranes depends solely upon the equilibrium swelling ratio, Q, of the material in water. The functional dependence of D on Q was obtained from the data. The partition coefficients calculated for vitamin B-12 in all membranes studied were nearly constant (K ≈ 0.4). The results are shown to be consistent with the “pore type” transport mechanism for vitamin B-12 in these chitosan membranes.     

Synthesis of polymers and copolymers of c-(N-AcrLys-Sar) and their interaction with small molecules in solution

An acrylamide derivative having a mono-N-methylated cyclic dipeptide as a substituent, c-(N^εAcrLys-Sar), was synthesized and polymerized by radical polymerization, giving homopolymers and copolymers with styrene, 4-vinylpyridine, and N-dodecylacrylamide. The relative reactivities of these monomers in the radical polymerization decreased in the following order: styrene > 4-vinylpyridine > N-dodecylacrylamidec-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar). Poly[c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar)] was soluble in water and the usual organic solvents except diethylether and n-hexane. In mixed solvent, poly[c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar)] interacted most strongly with Ba²⁺ among alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations. A cyclic dipeptide, which is equivalent to the side chain of poly[c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar)], did not interact with these cations, indicating that the side chain ligand groups of poly[c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar)] interacts specifically with Ba²⁺ by intramolecular cooperation. However, the copolymer of c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar) with styrene interacts more strongly with larger alkali cations, and equally well with Ba²⁺ and Ca²⁺. These results indicate that the styrene units in the copolymer influence its solubility and regulate the intramolecular cooperation of the cyclic dipeptide ligand groups as spacer groups. The copolymer of c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar) with 4-vinylpyridine interacted very strongly with Ba²⁺ as a result of the intramolecular cooperation of a pyridyl group and a cyclic dipeptide group. The formation constant of the ternary complex was determined to be 10⁹ M⁻³, which is larger by 10² fold than that by a polymer carrying benzo-15-crown-5 in the side chain. The copolymer of c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar) with N-dodecylacrylamide was found to bind methyl orange in aqueous solution by hydrophobic interaction. The copolymer of c-(N^ε-AcrLys-Sar) with styrene was found to extract phenylalanine from an aqueous solution to a n-octanol phase. However, the extraction was not enantiomer-selective.     

Counter-ion Effect on Micellization of Ionic Surfactants: A Comprehensive Understanding with Two Representatives, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (DTAB)

Various micelle parameters viz., critical micelle concentration (CMC), counter-ion binding (β), aggregation number (N), hydrodynamic radius (R _h), micelle zeta potential (ζ) and energetic parameters, free energy of micellization ( $ \Updelta G_{\text{m}}^{0} $ ), enthalpy of micellization ( $ \Updelta H_{\text{m}}^{0} $ ) and entropy of micelle formation ( $ \Updelta S_{\text{m}}^{0} $ ) were determined for sodium dodecylsulfate, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of NaCl for the former and NaBr for the latter. Conductometry and calorimetry methods were used for the measurements of CMC and energetic parameters. The fluorimetric (static quenching) method was employed to determine N and dynamic light scattering to estimate R _h and ζ. The conductometrically determined β was verified from the CMC values by calorimetry using the Corrin–Harkins equation. The results found for the two surfactants of identical tails but different head groups have been presented and discussed. A detailed report on the salt effect using salts containing counter-ions the same as those in the surfactant is found only limitedly in the literature.