N,N-二乙基-N-十六烷基胺的合成及其对铝硅矿物浮选性能的影响

以十六胺、甲酸和乙醛为原料,合成了阳离子捕收剂N,N-二乙基-N-十六烷基胺(DEN16),通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选实验以及红外光谱和Zeta电位测试,考察了其对一水硬铝石、高岭石和伊利石的浮选行为以及矿物与药剂的作用机理.浮选结果表明:在pH=5～5.5,DEN16用量为2×10-4mol/L时,高岭石、伊利石的回收率均高于82%,而一水硬铝石仅为60%;人工混合矿浮选精矿的铝硅比均高于20,说明在pH8时,以DEN16为捕收剂可以实现铝硅酸盐与一水硬铝石的分离.红外光谱和Zeta电位研究结果表明,DEN16与3种矿物的作用皆为静电吸附,且与高岭石和伊利石的作用强于一水硬铝石.     

一水硬铝石型铝土矿选择性絮凝分选工艺研究

采用沉降试验法系统地考查了阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（AP7），阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CP3），羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和有机絮凝剂HSPA对细粒-水硬铝石、高岭石、伊利石和叶腊石4种单矿物以及人工混合矿的絮凝性能．结果表明，在絮凝能力上，其顺序依次为：AP7≈CP3≈HSPA〉CMC；在选择性上，其顺序依次为：HSPA〉CP3〉CMC〉AP7，以HSPA为絮凝剂，碳酸钠为矿浆分散剂，在pH为9．5～10范围内，当HSPA用量为7g／t，Na2CO3用量5kg／t时，对铝硅质量分数比（w（Al）／w（Si））为5．68的矿石，经3次絮凝分离，取得了精矿铝硅质量分数比为8．9，A120。回收率86．98％的良好指标．新型絮凝剂HSPA是-水硬铝石型铝土矿较适宜的选择性絮凝分选药剂．     

六偏磷酸钠在铝土矿浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试、动电位测试,研究了六偏磷酸钠对一水硬铝石和高岭石2种矿物浮选行为的影响以及其作用机理。结果表明：六偏磷酸钠对这2种矿物均有抑制作用,当捕收剂量增大时,被六偏磷酸钠抑制的一水硬铝石的可浮性逐渐变好,而高岭石则变化不大。其主要原因在于六偏磷酸钠与捕收剂油酸钠在这2种矿物表面存在竞争吸附,而油酸钠在一水硬铝石表面的吸附能力强于在高岭石表面的吸附,使得在一定捕收剂用量下,六偏磷酸钠抑制高岭石的上浮而不抑制一水硬铝石。这为2种矿物浮选分离提供了依据;此外,六偏磷酸钠对矿物表面的动电位影响较大,增大了矿物之间的静电排斥力,有利于矿泥的分散,增强了浮选分离的选择性。     

十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷对十二胺浮选铝硅矿物的影响

通过单矿物浮选实验、动电位测定及红外光谱分析,研究了十二胺(DDA)和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(WD-10)2种浮选药剂对一水硬铝石和高岭石的浮选行为和作用机理.结果表明:在酸性条件下,十二胺单独使用时,高岭石的回收率略高于一水硬铝石,两种矿物的可浮性差异不大,不能有效实现高岭石与一水硬铝石的浮选分离;十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷单独使用时对高岭石和一水硬铝石均无捕收作用;与单用十二胺相比,DDA+WD-10的组合捕收剂对硅酸盐矿物浮选能力强,选择性好.在pH=4～5.5的范围及最佳药剂配比条件下,高岭石回收率在75%以上,而一水硬铝石回收率只有20%左右,能有效实现铝硅矿物的反浮选分离.     

阴离子淀粉对一水硬铝石和伊利石浮选行为的影响

通过浮选实验、动电位和吸附量测定,考察了阴离子淀粉在一水硬铝石和伊利石浮选分离中的效果与作用机理.单矿物浮选实验表明,在阳离子捕收剂(DTAC)体系中,阴离子型淀粉(LSDZ)在pH=4～11的范围内抑制了一水硬铝石的浮选.当pH=6,c(DTAC):3×10-4 mol/L时,随着阴离子淀粉LSDZ用量的提高,一水硬铝石被抑制;当c(LSDZ)＜40 mg/L时,活化伊利石的浮选,继续提高淀粉用量,则伊利石被抑制.结果表明:阴离子淀粉是反浮选分离一水硬铝石和伊利石的有效调整剂,LSDZ通过氢键与静电力作用吸附在铝硅矿物表面,阳离子捕收剂使矿物表面ζ-电位正移,阴离子淀粉使矿物表面ζ-电位负移,且阴离子淀粉的加入能促进捕收荆DTAC在矿物表面的吸附.     

微细粒高岭石在水介质中的聚团行为

通过采用沉降法以及颗粒表面动电位测试，考察了水介质中PH的变化以及阳离子表面活性剂对微细粒高岭石颗粒聚团行为的影响．结果表明：pH〈7时，水介质中高岭石颗粒表现为强烈的聚团行为；pH〉9时，主要以分散为主．阳离子型表面活性剂的加入使颗粒表面动电位增大，显著提高了高岭石的聚团效果．随表面活性剂浓度的增大，高岭石的聚团行为更加显著．pH=7时，烷基伯胺醋酸盐随着碳链的增长，对高岭石的聚团效果减弱；同一浓度下季胺盐的聚团效果优于烷基伯胺盐．     

利用亚油酸组分选择性浮选分离一水硬铝石与叶腊石

为解决叶腊石与一水硬铝石的选择性浮选分离,采用浮选试验、分子模拟计算及动电位测定等方法,开展了一水硬铝石和叶腊石浮选行为及药剂与矿物间相互作用的研究.浮选试验表明:用碳酸钠和六偏磷酸钠做调整剂时,随油酸碘值的增大,其捕收能力和选择性均增强.对m(Al_2O_3)∶m(SiO_2)为3.39的铝土矿,用碘值为131的油酸做捕收剂,经两粗三精两扫浮选流程,闭路试验获得精矿m(Al_2O_3)∶m(SiO_2)为5.33,Al_2O_3回收率为85.56%的良好指标.研究表明:随油酸碘值增大,亚油酸含量增大.亚油酸比油酸更易与一水硬铝石表面的Al原子作用,体现出更强的捕收能力和更好的选择性.     

N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]-脂肪酸酰胺泡沫浮选一水硬铝石的研究

研究了N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]-脂肪酸酰胺对一水硬铝石(Al2O3·H2O)的泡沫浮选行为.结果表明,使用该捕收剂,一水硬铝石的回收率最高达99.7％以上.在等电点附近一水硬铝石的回收率最高.碱性条件下,一水硬铝石的回收率急剧下降.增加N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]-脂肪酸酰胺的用量,可有效地提高一水硬铝石的回收率.通过测定矿物的Zeta电位,表明一水硬铝石的等电点(IEP)大约为6.2.根据矿物的红外吸收光谱和Zeta电位,讨论了表面吸咐机理,认为N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]-脂肪酸酰胺主要通过静电力和氢键的方式吸咐在矿粒表面.     

我国一水硬铝石型铝土矿的矿物学研究

在我国一水硬铝石型铝土矿床中已查明矿物94种。其中钽铌铁矿等12种矿物在国外铝土矿中尚无报导。一水硬铝石是我国铝土矿的主要铝工业矿物,其结晶程度、粒度大小、比磁化系数和红外光谱的O-H键波数因矿床成因类型不同而异。研究表明,一水硬铝石的形成途径主要有三种:由高岭石直接脱硅而成;三水铝石经区域变质作用脱水而成;后生、表生条件由铝真溶液结晶而成。     

煤泥水中高岭土颗粒表面荷电特性研究

煤泥水中高岭土颗粒表面电负性是其难以沉降的主要原因.采用电泳法研究了pH值、搅拌强度、浸泡时间、阳离子浓度与种类对高岭土颗粒表面Zeta电位的影响规律及不同矿物之间的相互作用.结果表明,搅拌使高岭土颗粒表面Zeta电位增大;Zeta电位随pH值增大和浸泡时间的延长先减小后增大,在pH值约为8及浸泡2d时均达到最小值;不同阳离子改变高岭土颗粒表面Zeta电位能力顺序为Al 3+>Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+;不同矿物颗粒间因互凝作用会增大颗粒表面的Zeta电位;FTIR分析表明,悬浮液中离子在高岭土颗粒表面的吸附及表面Si-O,Al-O及Al-OH基团的变化是其颗粒表面Zeta电位变化的内在原因.     

Effect of quaternary ammonium salts on flotation behavior of aluminosilicate minerals

The electrokinetic properties and flotation of diaspore,kaolinite,pyrophyllite and illite with quaternary ammonium salts collectors were studied.The results of flotation tests show that the collecting ability of quaternary ammonium salts for the four minerals is in the order(from strong to weak)of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride(ODBA),cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB),dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(DTAC).Under the condition of alkalescence,it is possible to separate the diaspore from the silicate minerals such as kaolinite,illite and pyrophyllite using quaternary ammonium salts as collector.Isoelectric points(IEP)of diaspore,kaolinite,pyrophyllite and illite are pH=6.0,3.4,2.3 and 3.2,respectively.Quaternary ammonium salts can change ζ-potential of the aluminosilicate minerals obviously.The flotation mechanisms were explained by ζ-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR)measurements.The results demonstrate that only electrostatic interaction takes place between aluminosilicate     

A novel depressor useful for flotation separation of diaspore and kaolinite

The floatation of the minerals diaspore and kaolinite was investigated using dodecylamine as the collector.Separating diaspore and kaolinite in a neutral pH pulp is difficult since they then have similar floatability.A depressor consisting of an AlCl3/Na2SiO3 mixture is demonstrated to solve this problem.Diaspore sinking may be seen when the ratio of AlCl3 to Na2SiO3 is 3.1.We refer to this mixture as ATNO.The influence of Al/Si ratio in the feedstock and the grain size of fed minerals on separation was examined.An Al/Si ratio in the concentrate greater than 11 may be obtained when the Al/Si ratio of the feed is between 2.53 and 4.96.However,the grain size of the diaspore greatly influences the concentrate grade.Finer grain size of the diaspore (＜40 μm)in pulp makes the flotation separation less than ideal,no matter what the kaolinite grain size.     

Flotation de-silicating from diasporic-bauxite with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide

1　INTRODUCTIONTheZetapotentialsofkaolinite ,illiteandchlo riteweremeasuredforthecoalflotation ,allthesethreeclaymineralswerenegativelychargedinthepHrangeof 2 .5 11.0 [1] .Theadsorptionofsodiumdode cylsulfateanddodecyltrimethylammoniumchlorideontokaolinitewasstudiedintheabsenceandpresenceofsodiumhexametaphosphate .Itwasfoundthatthepresenceofthelongchainphosphatedecreasedad sorptionoftheanionicsurfactantbutincreasedthead sorptionofthecationicsurfactant[2 ] .Acommercialmonoetheramineandac…     

Separation of aluminosilicates and diaspore from diasporic-bauxite by selective flocculation

The flocculation tests of four pure minerals (diaspore, kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite) and bauxite ore were investigated by the sedimentation. The dispersion behavior of the four pure minerals shows a very good consistency with the variation of zeta potential. The concentrate with the mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 (m(Al2O3)/m(SiO2)) 8.90 and the recovery of Al2O3 86.98% is obtained from bauxite ore (m(Al2O3)/m(SiO2)=5.68) in pH range of 9.5-10.0 by using sodium carbonate (5 kg/t) and sodium polyacrylate (7 g/t) as dispersant and flocculant respectively. Sodium carbonate acts as both pH modifier and favorable dispersant for aluminosilicates. The high performance of sodium polyacrylate on flocculation for diaspore is contributed to the carboxyl of sodium polyacrylate that interacts with active Al sites on diaspore by chemical absorption, and the hydrogen bond effects between hydroxyl group of macromolecule and surface Al--OH on diaspore to accelerate the sedimentation of diaspore.     

铝硅酸盐矿物新型浮选捕收剂的研究

考察了自行合成的新型阳离子表面活性剂QAS222对高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石等铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选行为,试验研究结果表明：广泛矿浆pH范围内,新型阳离子表面活性剂QAS222对铝硅酸盐矿物既表现出较强的捕收力,又显示良好的选择性,是铝硅酸盐矿物的有效捕收剂,可应用于铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选富集,同样也可用于铝土矿、铁矿、萤石矿等选别过程的反浮选脱硅;在矿浆pH=11时,以QAS222为捕收剂,不添加其它任何抑制剂,成功地实现不同铝硅比的人工混合矿的反浮选脱硅,并获得较好的选别指标——当给矿A/S仅有2．7时,仍能获得精矿A／S为12．82,其中Al2O3品位77．79％、回收率69．91％的较好指标,且当给矿A／S不断增大时,精矿中的A/S,Al2O3的品位和回收率都有所提高．     

Interactions between bubble and particles of key minerals of diasporic bauxite through the extended DLVO theory

The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore (valuable mineral) from aluminosilicate minerals (gangue minerals, mainly including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite), and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency. In this paper, based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first, and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration, mineral particle size, air bubble size, collector type (dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium oleate (NaOL)) and concentration, and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles. The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution. The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances. The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinite-bubble and diaspore-bubble respectively. Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.     

Synthesis of γ-alkoxy-propylamines and their collecting properties on aluminosilicate minerals

γ-alkoxy-propylamines, C12 H25 O(CH2 )3 NH2, C14 H29 O(CH2)3 NH2, C16 H33 O(CH2)3 NH2, C18 H37 O-(CH2)3NH2 were synthesized from aliphatic alcohol and acrylonitrile. The flotation tests of kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite were conducted. The flotation mechanisms were explained in view of the structures of reagents and alumin ium silicate minerals, zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectrum measurements. The results show that the synthesized r-alkoxy-propylamines are more effective than dodecyl amine for flotation of kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite. For flotation kaolinite and illite, the collecting ability is in the order of C18 H37 O(CH2)3 NH2 ＞C16 H33O(CH2)3 NH2 ＞C14 H29O(CH2 )3 NH2 ＞C12 H25O(CH2)3 NH2, but the r-alkoxy-propylamines types of collectors have almost the same collecting ability on pyrophyllite,which demonstrating that γ-alkoxy-propylamines are new selective collectors for reverse floatation to remove aluminium silicate minerals from bauxite.     

Effect of hydroxamic acid polymers on reverse flotation of bauxite

The effect of hydroxamic acid starch (HAS) and hydroxamic acid polyacrylamide (HPAM) on the flotation of diaspore and kaolinite was investigated by flotation test. It is found that HAS depresses diaspore but activates kaolinite in acidic pulp,while HPAM activates both diaspore and kaolinite in the pH range of 2.0 - 10.5. The measurement of zeta potential shows that both HAS and HPAM can increase zeta potential of negatively charged diaspore, which indicates the existence of chemical bonding or hydrogen bonding between the reagents and diaspore.By covering the collector dodecyl amine(DDA) on diaspore surface, HAS increases the hydrophilicity of minerals and depresses the flotation of diaspore,however HPAM activates the flotation of diaspore by increasing the adsorption of DDA on diaspore surface.     

Flotation behavior of four dodecyl tertiary amines as collectors of diaspore and kaolinite

The flotation of diaspore and kaolinite by one of a series of tertiary amines (DRN, DEN, DPN and DBN) was investigated. The tertiary amines show better floating recovery for kaolinite compared to diaspore. The maximum recovery D-value is 45% over a pH range from 3 to 8. FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of kaolinite and diaspore. Zeta potential measurements show that the mineral surfaces are negatively charged over a wide pH range. Ionization of hydroxyl groups mainly accounts for the surface charging mechanism. The adsorption of tertiary amines onto the mineral surface is due mainly to electrostatic effects and the difference in electrostatic effect between a collector and the two minerals can explain the flotation separation. Inductive electronic and steric effects from the substituent groups result in different collecting powers for the four tertiary amines.     

Flotation of kaolinite and diaspore with hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride

Tertiary amine was synthesized from fatty amine and formaldehyde. And then the synthesized tertiary amine was used to react with benzyl chloride to synthesize hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride （1627） at ambient pressure. Using the synthesized 1627 as collector,the flotation properties of diaspore and kaolinite were investigated by single mineral and mixed mineral test. The flotation mechanism of diaspore,kaolinite and 1627 was discussed based on FTIR spectra. The results show that the mass ratio of aluminum to silicate achieves 15.02 and the recovery of alumina in concentrate is 43.07% using 1627 as a collector. The 1627 is found to be a more effective and a promising collector for reverse flotation to remove aluminum-silicate minerals from bauxite.