轻量级分组密码算法ESF的相关密钥不可能差分分析

八阵图算法(ESF)是一种具有广义Feistel结构的轻量级分组密码算法,可用在物联网环境下保护射频识别(RFID)标签等资源受限的环境中,目前对该算法的安全性研究主要为不可能差分分析。该文通过深入研究S盒的特点并结合ESF密钥扩展算法的性质,研究了ESF抵抗相关密钥不可能差分攻击的能力。通过构造11轮相关密钥不可能差分区分器,在此基础上前后各扩展2轮,成功攻击15轮ESF算法。该攻击的时间复杂度为2^40.5次15轮加密,数据复杂度为2^61.5个选择明文,恢复密钥比特数为40 bit。与现有结果相比,攻击轮数提高的情况下,时间复杂度降低,数据复杂度也较为理想。

     

LBlock算法的相关密钥-不可能差分攻击

该文研究了LBlock分组密码算法在相关密钥-不可能差分条件下的安全性.利用子密钥生成算法的差分信息泄漏规律,构造了多条低重量子密钥差分链,给出了15轮相关密钥-不可能差分区分器.通过扩展区分器,给出了23轮和24轮LBlock算法的相关密钥-不可能差分攻击方法.攻击所需的数据复杂度分别为2^65.2和2^65.6个选择明文,计算复杂度分别为2^66.2次23轮LBlock算法加密和2^66.6次24轮LBlock算法加密,存储复杂度分别为2^61.2和2^77.2字节存储空间.与已有结果相比,首次将针对LBlock算法的攻击扩展到了23轮和24轮.     

对简化版LBLock算法的相关密钥不可能差分攻击

LBLOCK是吴文玲等人于2011年设计的一种轻量级密码算法。该文利用一个特殊的相关密钥差分特征,对19轮的LBlock算法进行了相关密钥不可能差分攻击,攻击的计算复杂度为O(270.0),所需要的数据量为264。进一步,提出了一种针对21轮LBlock的相关密钥不可能差分攻击,计算复杂度为O(271.5),数据量为263。     

3D密码的不可能差分攻击

3D密码是在CANS2008上提出的一个新的分组密码算法,与以往的分组密码算法不同,它采用了3维结构。密码设计者给出了3D密码的一个5轮不可能差分并对6轮3D密码进行了不可能差分攻击。该文通过3D密码的结构特性找到了新的6轮不可能差分。基于新的不可能差分和3D密码的等价结构,可以对7轮和8轮3D密码进行有效的不可能差分攻击。此外,结合其密钥扩展规则,可以将攻击轮数提高至9轮。该文的攻击结果优于密码设计者的结果。     

轻量级密码算法MIBS的零相关和积分分析

MIBS是适用于RFID和传感资源受限环境的轻量级分组算法。该文构造了一些关于MIBS的8轮零相关线性逼近,结合密钥扩展算法的特点和部分和技术,对13轮MIBS-80进行了多维零相关分析。该分析大体需要262.1个已知明文和274.9次加密。此外,利用零相关线性逼近和积分区分器之间的内在联系,推导出8轮的积分区分器,并且对11轮的MIBS-80进行了积分攻击,大体需要260个选择明文和259.8次加密。     

CIKS-128分组算法的相关密钥-差分攻击

分析研究了CIKS-128分组密码算法在相关密钥-差分攻击下的安全性.利用DDP结构和非线性函数的差分信息泄漏规律构造了一条高概率相关密钥-差分特征,并给出攻击算法,恢复出了192bit密钥;在此基础上,对剩余64bit密钥进行穷举攻击,恢复出了算法的全部256bit密钥.攻击所需的计算复杂度为2⁷⁷次CIKS-128算法加密,数据复杂度为2⁷⁷个相关密钥-选择明文,存储复杂度为2^25.4字节存储空间.分析结果表明,CIKS-128算法在相关密钥-差分攻击条件下是不安全的.     

对八阵图算法的不可能差分密码分析和线性密码分析

该文对八阵图(ESF)算法抵抗不可能差分密码分析和线性密码分析的能力进行了研究。ESF算法是一种具有Feistel结构的轻量级分组密码算法,它的轮函数为代换置换(SP)结构。该文首先用新的不可能差分区分器分析了12轮ESF算法,随后用线性密码分析的方法分析了9轮ESF算法。计算得出12轮不可能差分分析的数据复杂度大约为O(2⁶⁷),时间复杂度约为O(2^110.7),而9轮线性密码分析的数据复杂度仅为O(2³⁵),时间复杂度不大于O(2^15.6)。结果表明ESF算法足够抵抗不可能差分密码分析,而抵抗线性密码分析的能力相对较弱。     

MIBS算法的积分攻击

对分组密码算法MIBS在积分攻击下的安全性进行了研究,构造了MIBS算法的5轮积分区分器,利用Feistel结构的等价结构以及MIBS密钥扩展算法中主密钥和轮密钥的关系,对10轮MIBS算法实施了积分攻击,给出了攻击算法。攻击10轮MIBS-64的数据复杂度和时间复杂度分别为 和 ,攻击10轮MIBS-80的数据复杂度和时间复杂度分别为 和 。分析结果表明,10轮MIBS算法对积分攻击是不免疫的,该积分攻击的轮数和数据复杂度上都要优于已有的积分攻击。     

11轮3D密码的不可能差分攻击

3D密码是CANS 2008提出的新的分组密码算法, 其设计思想是基于美国高级加密标准AES,但3D密码算法采用的是3维结构。该文根据3D算法的结构特点,构造出一类新的6轮不可能差分区分器,将3D密码的不可能差分攻击扩展到11轮。将10轮不可能差分攻击时间复杂度降为2318.8。该文中大量应用预计算技术,大大降低了时间复杂度,对于分组密码的实际攻击中的数据处理,提高运算效率过程,有很好的借鉴意义。     

LiCi分组密码算法的不可能差分分析

LiCi是由Patil等人(2017)提出的轻量级分组密码算法。由于采用新型的设计理念,该算法具有结构紧凑、能耗低、占用芯片面积小等优点,特别适用于资源受限的环境。目前该算法的安全性备受关注,Patil等人声称：16轮简化算法足以抵抗经典的差分攻击及线性攻击。该文基于S盒的差分特征,结合中间相遇思想,构造了一个10轮的不可能差分区分器。基于此区分器,向前后各扩展3轮,并利用密钥编排方案,给出了LiCi的一个16轮的不可能差分分析方法。该攻击需要时间复杂度约为2^83.08次16轮加密,数据复杂度约为2^59.76选择明文,存储复杂度约为2^76.76数据块,这说明16轮简化的LiCi算法无法抵抗不可能差分攻击。     

Related-key impossible boomerang cryptanalysis on TWINE

In order to evaluate the security of the lightweight block cipher TWINE,the method of related-key impossible boomerang cryptanalysis was applied and a related-key impossible boomerang distinguisher consisting of 16-round and 17-round paths was constructed.Based on this new distinguisher,an attack on 23-round TWINE was mounted successfully by concatenating 4-round to the beginning and 2-round for the 17-round path and 3-round for the 16-round path to the end respectively.The attack on 23-round TWINE required data complexity of only 2 ^62.05plaintexts and computational complexity of about 2 ^70.4923-round encryptions.Compared with published cryptanalysis results,the proposed attack has obvious advantages.     

Related-key impossible boomerang cryptanalysis on LBlock

The related-key impossible boomerang cryptanalysis and the strength of the lightweight block cipher LBlock against this method were investigated.A new attack on 22-round LBlock was presented combining impossible boomerang attacks with related-key attacks.A 15-round related-key impossible boomerang distinguisher was constructed.Based on the new distinguisher,an attack on 22-round LBlock was mounted successfully by concatenating 3-round to the beginning and 4-round to the end.The attack on 22-round LBlock required data complexity of only 2^51.3plaintexts and computational complexity of about 2 ^71.5422-round encryptions.Compared with published cryptanalysis results on 22-round LBlock,proposed attack has great advantages on data and computational complexities.     

Zero correlation-integral attack of MIBS block cipher

MIBS is a lightweight block cipher for extremely constrained environments such as RFID tags and sensor networks. The MIBS algorithm's ability to resist zero correlation-integral analysis was evaluated. An 8-round zero corre-lation linear distinguisher of MIBS was given. Then, a 8-round distinguisher of MIBS was founded by using relationship between zero-correlation linear distinguisher and integral distinguisher. Finally, considering the symmetrical structure of the MIBS and using the partial-sum technique, it applied integral attack to 10 and 12 rounds of MIBS-80. The time com-plexities of 10 and 12 round attack on MIBS-80 are 2^27.68and 2^48.81. The data complexity is 2⁴⁸.     

HIGHT算法的积分攻击

对轻量级分组密码算法HIGHT在积分攻击方法下的安全性进行了研究。首先纠正了现有研究成果在构造区分器时的不当之处,重新构造了HIGHT算法的11轮积分区分器,并构造了相应高阶积分扩展下的17轮区分器;其次利用所构造的17轮区分器,结合“时空折中”原理对25轮HIGHT算法进行了积分攻击;最后对攻击算法的复杂度进行了分析,攻击算法需要的数据复杂度为262.92,时间复杂度为266.20,空间复杂度为2119。分析结果表明,所给出的攻击算法的攻击轮数和时间复杂度要优于现有研究结果。     

Cryptanalysis of mCrypton—A lightweight block cipher for security of RFID tags and sensors

mCrypton is a 64‐bit lightweight block cipher designed for use in low‐cost and resource‐constrained applications such as RFID tags and sensors in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the strength of this cipher against related‐key impossible differential cryptanalysis. First, we construct two 6‐round related‐key impossible differentials for mCrypton‐96 and mCrypton‐128. Then, using these distinguishers, we present 9‐round related‐key impossible differential attacks on these two versions. The attack on mCrypton‐96 requires 2^59.9 chosen plaintexts, and has a time complexity of about 2^74.9 encryptions. The data and time complexities for the attack on mCrypton‐128 are 2^59.7 chosen plaintexts and 2^66.7 encryptions, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对完整轮数ARIRANG加密模式的相关密钥矩形攻击

对SHA-3计划候选算法ARIRANG采用的分组密码组件进行了安全性分析,利用初始密钥的一个线性变换和轮函数的全1差分特征,给出了一个完整40轮ARIRANG加密模式的相关密钥矩形攻击,该攻击是第一个对ARIRANG加密模式的密码分析结果。攻击结果表明:ARIRANG加密模式作为分组密码是不抵抗相关密钥矩形攻击的。     

Improved impossible differential and biclique cryptanalysis of HIGHT

HIGHT is a lightweight block cipher introduced in CHES 2006 by Hong et al as a block cipher suitable for low‐resource applications. In this paper, we propose improved impossible differential and biclique attacks on HIGHT block cipher both exploiting the permutation‐based property of the cipher's key schedule algorithm as well as its low diffusion. For impossible differential attack, we found a new 17‐round impossible differential characteristic that enables us to propose a new 27‐round impossible differential attack. The total time complexity of the attack is 2^120.4 where an amount of 2^59.3 chosen plaintext‐ciphertext pairs and 2^107.4 memory are required. We also instantiate a new biclique cryptanalysis of HIGHT, which is based on the new idea of splitting each of the forward and backward keys into 2 parts where the computations associated to each one are performed independently. The time complexity and data complexity of this attack are 2^125.7 and 2⁴², respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest biclique attack on full‐round HIGHT.     

分组密码TWIS的三子集中间相遇攻击

对轻量级分组密码TWIS的安全性做进一步分析,将三子集中间相遇攻击应用于忽略后期白化过程的10轮TWIS。基于TWIS密钥生成策略中存在的缺陷,即其实际密钥长度仅为62 bit且初始密钥混淆速度慢,攻击恢复10轮TWIS全部62 bit密钥的计算复杂度为245,数据复杂度达到最低,仅为一个已知明密文对。分析结果表明TWIS在三子集中间相遇攻击下是不安全的。