Leitsysteme für Produktion und Labor „Stärken und Schwächen der heutigen Hardware und Software,Entwicklungstrends und Zukunftsaussichten

Control systems for production and laboratory. Strengths and weaknesses of contemporary hardware and software, developmental trends and future prospects . The state of the art of control systems in production and laboratory is considered with the aid of some representative examples. The strengths and weaknesses of available control systems are discussed. It is shown that further rationalization in production can only be achieved when the interchange of information between the control layers of production is improved. Also open to considerable improvement is the flow of information in the laboratory and the cross-flow between laboratory and production. The present development of microelectronics (microprocessors, personal computers, data busses, local area networks (LAN)) will greatly change process control technology.     

Einsatz von Soja- und Sonnenblumen-Extraktionsschrot und Sonnenblumensamen als Eiweißfuttermittel fü Milchkühe

Use of soybean and sunflower meal and sunflower seed as a protein source for milking cows. In a feeding trial with 37 cows of Brown Swiss the impact of 10% soybean meal (Soja), 16% sunflower meal (Soblex) and 30% sunflower seed (Soblsa) in the feeding stuff on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk ingredients and also on the conditions of milk fat was investigated. Soybean meal and sunflower meal are similar protein sources for cows. Sunflower seeds caused a lower dry matter intake, milk yield and content of milk protein, but showed positive effects on the consistency of butterfat. Butterfat of the sunflower seed group had a higher iodine value (p<0.01) and a higher content of trans fatty acids (p<0.01) than the Soja- and Soblex-groups and resembled the composition of butterfat in the grazing periode.     

Alkylendiamide und Alkylendiisoimide von Äthyleniminocarbonsäuren und -dicarbonsäuren

Alkylenediamides and Alkylenediisoimides from Ethyleneimino Carboxylic Acids and Ethyleneimino Dicarboxylic Acids Preparation and properties of some alkylenediamides from β-ethyleneiminopropionic acid and ethyleneiminosuccinic acid as well as of two alkylenediisoimides of ethyleneiminosuccinic acid are described.     

Reaktivität und Toxizität homologer Brom- und Dibromalkane

Reactivity and Toxicity of Homologous Bromo- and Dibromoalkanes The rate constants of the reactions of 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP) with ω,ω′-dibromoalkanes Br (CH₂)_n Br (n = 2–4), alkyl bromides C_nH_2+n1Br (N = 2–4) and allyl bromide in acetophenone were measured and compared with the LD₅₀-values of these compounds estimated on mice. The tested dibromoalkanes show a contrary graduation of reactivity and acute toxicity.     

Palmöle und Palmöl-Fraktionen und ihre analytische Differenzierung

Palm Oils and Palm Oil Fractions and their Analytical Differentiation Due to the increasing production of palm oils and the correlating production of palm oil fractions there is a need to differentiate analytically between palm oils and palm oil fractions. The analytical differentiation of these products on the one hand and the detection of unwanted additions and mixtures on the other hand is intended to be achieved. Palm oils of different origin and palm oil fractions, fractionated by different procedures, were examined in this context. The composition of total fatty acids, fatty acids in 2-position of the triglycerides, slip point, iodine value, composition of triglycerides by gaschromatography as well as saturated triglycerides were determined. The slip point, which can easily be determined, and the palmitic acid content in 2-position of t he triglycerides proved to be most suitable for the analytical practice.     

Möglichkeiten und Probleme der fungiziden und insektiziden Ausrüstung von Grundierungen und Lasuren für die Holzbearbeitung

Possibilities and Problems Related to Incorporation of Fungicides and Insecticides into Primers and Lacquers Used for Treatment of Wood The number of primers and lacquers belonging to the group of organic solvent-based wood preservatives has enormously increased during the past years. These preparations must be suitable both as agent for surface treatment and as wood protecting agent acting in the interior of the wood. These requirements are not fulfilled just by incorporating fungicides and insecticides to the common primers and lacquers. Therefore new recipes containing binders and pigments below 15–20% must be worked out. If the solvent, binder and pigment are unsuitable and the solid content of the preparation is high, the active principles are deposited at the surface of the wood, and therefore depth of efficacy is insufficient. The determination of the depth of efficacy of wood protecting primers and lacquers is carried out by a planing technique. Sufficient activity of insecticides may exist even at a depth of 4 mm from the wood surface. In comparison, similar depth of fungicidal efficacy has been found so far only in a few preparations. With wood stored in water, an additional problem arises due to excessive absorption of primers at certain parts, which might lead to discoloration of the coating.