金属材料的等通道转角挤压研究进展

本文综述了等通道转角挤压这种新的金属材料加工及晶粒细化工艺的研究进展，主要包括等通道转角挤压的技术原理，不同工艺路线的影响，显微组织特性和力学性能特点等。     

金属材料的等通道转角挤压研究进展

本文综述了等通道转角挤压这种新的金属材料加工及晶粒细化工艺的研究进展 ,主要包括等通道转角挤压的技术原理 ,不同工艺路线的影响 ,显微组织特性和力学性能特点等     

等通道转角挤压工艺研究进展

概述了等通道转角挤压(ECAE)工艺的基本原理和影响因素,介绍了ECAE在模具设计和工程应用研究方面的新进展,指出了目前存在的问题,并对今后的发展方向作了展望.     

等通道转角挤压制备Ag/Ti3AlC2复合材料及其热处理研究

采用等通道转角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP)并结合热处理制备了Ag/Ti₃AlC₂复合材料。通过XRD、SEM分析物相和形貌, 探讨了不同热处理条件下Ag/Ti₃AlC₂材料的电阻率和力学性能。结果表明: 采用ECAP可以明显致密化Ag/Ti₃AlC₂疏松坯体, 且在ECAP的剪切作用下, 层片状Ti₃AlC₂颗粒沿基面分层并按一定方向排列。Ti₃AlC₂的定向排列使材料性能呈现各向异性: 垂直于Ti₃AlC₂排列方向时, Ag/Ti₃AlC₂材料的电阻率和压缩强度更高。后续热处理提升了Ag/Ti₃AlC₂的电阻率和压缩强度, 并发现在800 ℃时增幅显著。这主要归因于Ag与Ti₃AlC₂在高温下明显增强的界面反应。本研究表明采用ECAP方法可以在致密化Ag/MAX复合材料的同时调控其显微组织, 而结合热处理可以进一步调控界面反应并优化材料性能。     

7050铝合金等通道转角挤压的有限元模拟及力学性能

采用有限元技术模拟7050Al合金等温等通道转角挤压过程,得到摩擦系数、挤压速度和挤压转角等挤压参数对7050Al合金变形区的应变分布和挤压载荷的影响规律.结果表明:挤压转角和摩擦系数对材料变形区的应变和挤压载荷的影响较大,挤压转角越小、摩擦系数越大时材料变形区的应变值越大,挤压载荷也越大;挤压速度对材料的应变和挤压载荷的影响很小.对经过挤压的材料进行拉伸实验,结果表明:在挤压初期,材料的抗拉强度随挤压次数的增加而很快增加,此后随挤压次数增加基本达到一恒定值,挤压转角越小材料的强度值增加越大.在单次挤压后,材料的延伸率很快下降,此后随挤压次数增加延伸率有回升的趋势.     

应用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术制备超细晶钛合金

等通道转角挤压(equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)是一种强塑性变形技术,能有效细化材料的微观组织,提高材料性能,改善难变形材料的成形性.简述了ECAP技术制备超细晶钛合金的原理和技术现状,分析了不同工艺参数对钛合金ECAP变形过程和材料性能的影响以及晶粒细化的微观机制.     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶材料的研究与发展

等通道转角挤压(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)是大塑性变形制备超细晶材料的方法之一,具有大晶粒尺寸的材料可以在室温下挤压达到超细晶尺度。从ECAP模具参数、工艺条件影响因素、模具及制备方法改进、细化机理、制备的超细晶材料组织稳定性及性能方面进行总结,并结合部分研究结果可知,ECAP模具正在不断被优化和改进,复合挤压技术不断出现,目前已实现超细晶材料的连续ECAP挤压制备技术。等通道转角挤压的晶粒细化主要是由于剪切力的作用和第二相粒子的作用,ECAP晶粒细化机理及组合工艺的研究是目前研究的热点。超细晶材料在不同领域的应用对其性能提出的更高要求,对其大塑性变形制备技术本身也是挑战。     

镁合金等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术的研究和展望

综述了等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术在镁合金上的研究进展,主要包括等通道转角挤压的技术原理、不同工艺参数的影响、显微组织特性和力学性能等方面,探讨了ECAP技术在镁合金上的研究热点,并指出了当前镁合金ECAP技术存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向.     

轧制过程中等规聚丙烯的织构进展

借助广角X射线衍射法对轧制过程中等规聚丙烯(iPP)材料的织构进展进行了极图的测量和取向分布函数(ODF)的计算,分析了冷轧过程中iPP的塑性变形机制。结果发现,轧制过程中iPP的主要塑性变形机制仍然是晶体学滑移,首先启动的滑移系是(010)[001]链滑移,其次是(100)[001]链滑移,期间没有发现明显的(110)[001]链滑移。轧制后iPP材料中形成的是含有几种(hk0)[001]织构组分的[001]//RD丝织构,大分子链沿轧制方向排列。     

连续变断面循环挤压与等通道转角挤压技术的工艺特征及其应用

分别论述了等通道转角挤压法与连续变断面循环挤压法这两种大塑性变形方法的工艺原理、工艺流程、模具结构、变形特征以及累积应变量与模具结构参数之间的关系;并系统介绍了这两种方法在制备纯铝、镁合金及钛合金细晶材料方面的应用,明确了连续变断面循环挤压法与等通道转角挤压法均是细化合金组织,提高材料强度、塑性等综合性能的有效途径。通过分析对比,提出这两种大塑性变形方法各自的优势和存在的问题,以及未来的发展方向。     

Improvement of superplasticity in AA5083 by equal channel angular extrusion and rolling

Al–Mg–Mn alloy AA5083 has been processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) followed by hot and cold rolling. The grain structure, crystallographic texture, intermetallic phases and superplasticity were investigated and compared with a conventionally hot and cold rolled AA5083 sheet. The intensive shear strain in ECAE has a very strong breakdown effect on the dendritic cast structure, which effectively changes the volume fraction and size of the intermetallic particles that provide particle stimulated nucleation upon recrystallisation. Consequently, the combination of ECAE and rolling leads to a finer and more thermally stable grain structure, with fewer very coarse constituent particles, resulting in a significant improvement in superplasticity through enhanced grain boundary sliding, with retarded formation and linkage of cavities.     

Annealing twins in high purity aluminium processed by dynamic equal channel angular pressing

Annealing twins are synthesised in high purity aluminium processed by dynamic equal channel angular pressing during annealing. Annealing twins and recrystallised grains encircling the twins have specific crystallographic orientation relationships with the deformed matrix grains: approximately 35°–50°<110> for the twins and 30°–45°<100> for the recrystallised grains. Stored energy during dynamic pressing, and the crystallographic orientation between annealing twins and the deformed matrix, strongly affect twin growth during annealing.     

Numerical investigation on equal channel angular extrusion process of polymers

The goal of this work is to numerically show by using finite element method the influence of key factors on the mechanical response of a workpiece in equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process. Various geometrical parameters (channel angle, outer corner angle and inner radius) and material properties were considered in the numerical calculations with a view to the use of the process to polymers.     

等径道角挤压制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金

为了制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金坯料,采用金相显微镜、材料拉伸实验机等手段对Mg-6Al合金铸坯进行等径道角挤压实验研究.并利用热处理工艺对挤压后材料进行处理,研究热处理工艺参数对材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,Mg-6Al合金的铸坯的抗拉强度为196.4MPa,延伸率为12.6%.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的晶粒被大大细化,其晶粒尺寸由铸坯的140μm左右细化到8μm左右.其力学性能有很大提高,抗拉强度由196.4MPa提高到308.2MPa;延伸率由12.6%提高到30.6%.等径道角挤压工艺是一种非常好的制备高力学性能、细晶Mg-6Al合金的工艺方法.固溶和人工时效热处理工艺对等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的强度有较大影响,对延伸率影响较小.     

等径道角挤压对Mg-6Al合金性能的影响

为了优化铸态Mg-6Al合金等径道角挤压的工艺参数,通过等径道角挤压实验研究了工艺参数对其性能的影响.研究表明:等径道角挤压可大幅度提高Mg-6Al合金坯料的力学性能.当Mg-6Al合金挤压1道次至4道次后,其力学性能提高较大,微观组织明显细化.随挤压温度从260℃升高至300℃,被挤压坯料的力学性能先提高后降低.当挤压路径为路径B,挤压道次为4道次,挤压温度为300℃时,Mg-6Al合金的力学性能最高,其抗拉强度为308.2 MPa,延伸率达到30.6%.     

Modifying Al-7Si-0.35Mg alloys using equal channel angular extrusion

The 356 alloys which are different in the composition of Sr and Fe elements were heavily deformed by equal channel angular extrusion. The large acicular silicon in the unmodified alloy and the Fe-bearing phases act as crack initiators and provide easy paths for fracture. After extruded for 5 passes, the acicular silicon and Fe-bearing phases are obviously refined and rounded, both of which resulted in the higher values of mechanical properties. The elongation is greatly enhanced because the cracks have less opportunity to grow continuously along the boundaries of refined phases. The tensile strengths are also enhanced due to the recrystallized and finer grains.     

Orientation dependencies of mechanical response, microstructure and texture evolution in hot compression of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion

The anisotropic mechanical behavior during hot compression of an AZ31 Mg alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was evaluated and then discussed in correlation with the concurrent microstructure and texture evolution. The results revealed apparent orientation-dependencies in the mechanical responses, microstructure, and texture development in uniaxial compression along two perpendicular directions. Compression along the transverse direction (TD) led to a higher hardening rate, higher peak stress, and earlier softening than those obtained in compression along the extrusion direction (ED). This can be attributed to the differences in the initial textures prior to compression along the two directions, which led to a more significant contribution of tensile twinning at the early stage of straining and consequently more extensive dynamic recrystallization in loading along TD than along ED. These results suggest that the deformation behavior in compressive loading of the ECAE-processed Mg alloy is highly anisotropic, which needs to be taken into account in their applications.     

FEM analysis of equal channel angular processes

Much effort has been devoted to the study of the formation of superplastic in aluminum alloys on account of its cost and engineering advantages. From a mechanical point of view, the ability of a crystalline material to undergo superplastic behavior is usually linked to a submicrometer grain size. Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is an innovative technique for developing ultrafine-grained microstructures by introducing a severe plastic deformation in a bulk material with no significant changes in its cross-section. Equally, equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) is an emerging technology that permits more industrial applications than the former. However, the deformations thus obtained are much lower. This work presents a study of the application of the finite elements method to this technique using two common angles of 90 and 120°. Process conditions have been modified in order to analyze the effect of friction between the dies and the billet. Moreover, experimental ECAE and ECAD methods have been carried out using 3103 Al-Mn; 5083 Al-Mg and 1370 aluminum alloys through Routes A and B.     

Strengthening mechanisms of Al wires processed by equal channel angular torsion drawing

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of a commercial purity Al alloy (Al 1350) after severe plastic deformation by a novel continuous method called ‘Equal Channel Angular Torsion Drawing (ECATD)’. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results revealed an inhomogeneous grain refinement including a large fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. After four passes, the microhardness increases from the initial value of 35?HV up to 44 and 62?HV at the centre and near to wire surface, respectively. A combination of high strength and ductility can be achieved based on the results of a Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) for mechanical properties. The strengthening occurs due to increment of the dislocation density, and development of mainly new low-angle grain boundaries.     

Evolution of texture during equal channel angular extrusion of commercially pure aluminum: Experiments and simulations

The evolution of crystallographic texture has been comprehensively studied for commercially pure Al as a function of amount of ECAE deformation for the three major routes of ECAE processing. It has been observed that processing through different routes leads to different type of texture, in both qualitative as well as quantitative sense. The results have been analyzed on the basis of existing concepts on ECAE deformation and simulations have been carried out using the simple shear model of ECAE implemented into the Viscoplastic Self Consistent model of polycrystal plasticity. The simulations revealed that non-octahedral slip is needed to reproduce the experimental texture development.