利用火焰图像重建三维温度场的模型和实验

火焰温度场的非接触测量对于能源领域的生产和控制具有重要意义，根据摄像机光学成像模型和辐射传递原理，提出了根据火焰图像重建火焰三维温度场的模型和方法．采用代数重建技术ART对温度场控制方程进行求解，在煤粉试验炉上进行了三维温度场测试，测试结果为进一步研究温度场重建奠定了基础。     

声学CT算法重建炉内三维温度场的仿真研究

为了实现炉内温度场的实时在线监测,提出了2种声学CT算法:代数重建法(ART)和同步迭代重建法(SIRT).采用2种CT算法分别对炉膛火焰分布的单峰模型、双峰模型和四峰模型进行了温度场重建仿真实验,并对2种算法的仿真结果进行了比较,分析了2种算法的抗噪声能力.结果表明:2种算法均可用于炉膛三维温度场重建且各有优劣,对于燃烧情况复杂的电站锅炉,抗噪声能力更强的SIRT算法具有更好的稳定性.     

基于声学层析成像的炉内温度场重建算法研究

为了获取快速准确的锅炉温度场在线监测信息,提出了一种基于声学层析成像(AT)测量的代数重建-神经网络(ART-NN)温度场重建算法,该算法结合了代数重建方法(ART)和BP神经网络方法的优势.采用该算法对多种典型的温度场模型进行数值仿真,分析了算法的重建结果和稳健性,并利用实验研究进一步评估该算法的性能.结果表明:ART-NN算法的重建质量和稳健性要优于Tikhonov正则法、Landweber迭代法和ART方法,为提高锅炉炉膛温度场重建质量提供了一种有效方法.     

基于声学与光学相联合的温度场重建技术数值模拟研究

为了获得较为精确的炉膛燃烧二维温度场,达到实时监测炉膛内火焰温度的目的,分别利用光学法与声学法建立温度场重建模型并推导出较为简便的矩阵反演公式,并结合SVD(奇异值分解)算法对炉膛内二维温度场进行重建。数值研究表明:在测量误差均为0.05和0.1时,光学与声学测量方法分别在高温区域与低温区域有较好的重建效果,据此提出了基于层次分析法的声、光联合温度场重建技术,当采用(声、光)联合技术对炉膛单峰对称、单峰偏置和双峰对称温度场进行二维重建时,反演精度较光学法或声学法均提高0.01左右,表明了此种融合方法的可行性和准确性,对炉膛温度场反演具有重要意义。     

基于图像处理计算火焰温度场的一种修正--Abel算法

借助数字图像处理技术和通过分析火焰图像来推算温度场是近几年高温测量的一个热点之一，但在以往的探讨中均忽视了由火焰亮度叠加引起的模型误差问题，从而无法利用这种方案来实现对火焰温度场的精确测量。为解决这个问题，作者首次将等离子体测量中的Abel算法引入到火焰温度场测量中，取得了较为满意的效果。图4参5     

基于人工蜂群算法的大体积混凝土温度场参数反演

针对传统混凝土热学参数反分析计算量大、计算效率不高等特点,将人工蜂群算法引入到混凝土温度场计算中,提出基于该算法的反分析法,通过室内二期通水冷却试验,对通水冷却过程中大体积混凝土试件的导温系数及表面散热系数进行反演分析,并利用反演参数结果进行温度场反馈分析。结果表明,人工蜂群算法在温度场参数反演中具有很好的适用性,有效地提高了温度场参数反演的效率。     

W型火焰锅炉炉膛温度场的可视化试验研究

使用火焰辐射图像探测系统探测炉膛空间发射到镜头各像素的辐射能量，然后从能量传递和平衡的角度，由所得图像重建空间的温度场。在300MW机组W型火焰炉进行了炉膛二维断面温度场可视化重建试验。试验在炉膛壁面布置4个CCD火焰探测器，采用计算机图像采集处理技术获取炉膛火焰辐射图像，通过对火焰辐射图像的处理以厦相关算法，重建炉膛断面温度分布、可动态反映火焰断面温度水平、火焰中心的偏穆和火焰刷墙等燃烧异常工况。断面温度场可视化结果刷新一次的时间不超过5S，满足在线监测的要求。     

炉膛火焰图像处理技术及温度场重构

锅炉中煤粉的燃烧过程是非常复杂的悬浮燃烧且极不稳定，监视系统的图像可能受到各种噪声的干扰，文中详细介绍了消除图像噪声、图像增强及边缘检测的原理，实现了对火焰图像的处理；给出了基于维恩辐射定律导出的双色测温计算火焰温度的算法，并成功用于火焰温度场的计算；最后给出了温度场计算机显示原理。图5参6     

基于辐射图像处理的单火嘴三维温度场测量

利用辐射图像处理方法对一台单火嘴卧式试验炉开展了三维温度场测量的实验研究,并结合温度分布分析了燃烧器火焰长度、火焰直径等特征参数,与图像边缘提取算法得到的火焰外形参数一致.通过多支热电偶对温度场监测精度进行了验证,测量误差小于6%.将三维温度场测量技术应用于单燃烧器火焰监视,有助于全面了解火焰燃烧状态,指导燃烧器优化设计.     

一种新颖的测温技术——光学层析法

本文介绍了一种适用于火焰、流体、等离子体等透明介质的无损诊断技术——光学层析法。对不同的测量方式和重建算法进行了讨论,重点考查了不同实验系统用于温度场的测量。最后对火焰等温度场的进一步研究提出了几点意见。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.