测定食品中呋喃它酮代谢物3-氨基-5-吗啉甲基-2-恶唑烷酮的酶联免疫吸附法

目的建立以多克隆抗体为基础的测定食品中呋喃它酮代谢物3-氨基-5-吗啉甲基-2-恶唑烷酮(AMOZ)的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)。方法以4-甲酰基苯氧基乙酸(4-FPA)为修饰剂,合成AMOZ半抗原衍生物,并使其分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)交联制备得到免疫原和包被抗原,经免疫动物(兔),获得抗NPAMOZ(AMOZ与衍生化试剂2-硝基苯甲醛所形成的结合物)的多克隆抗体。用酶联免疫分析法测定AMOZ(以NPAMOZ形式)。结果在包被抗原为2.5ng/mL,抗体为1:300000稀释,酶标二抗为1:10000稀释的优化条件下,ELISA测定AMOZ(以NPAMOZ形式)的IC50值(标准曲线中吸光度抑制至最大吸光度值50%时所对应的待测物浓度)为1.86ng/mL。抗体与呋喃它酮的交叉反应率较高(70.7%),与AMOZ的交叉反应率仅为0.32%,与其余三种硝基呋喃抗生素及它们的代谢物以及其它八种药物的交叉反应率很小(0.01%),表明抗体的特异性高。四种市售的肉样(鱼肉、虾肉、鸡肉、猪肝)用作加标实验,加标浓度分别为0.5、1.0和5.0ng/g,加标样品经衍生化处理后用ELISA测定,回收率为75.6%~112.2%,批间相对标准偏差(RSD)为8.3%~17.5%。结论本法具有高灵敏性和高特特异性,能用于动物产品中AMOZ的检测。     

呋喃西林代谢物半抗原的制备及其免疫检测中的应用

本研究为了克服现有SEM半抗原结构不含硝基端基团的不足,将SEM与4-(3-醛基-4-硝基-苯氧基)-丁酸衍生制备半抗原,保留了硝基端基团。然后,将制备的半抗原分别与BSA和OVA偶联制备SEM-BSA免疫原和SEM-OVA包被原。免疫原免疫BALB/C小鼠后,结合细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体,并利用间接竞争酶联免疫分析法(ci ELISA)评价单克隆抗体的效价及特异性。结果显示,单克隆抗体可特异性识别SEM的2-硝基苯甲醛衍生物(2-NPSEM),效价达1:2560000。应用ci ELISA检测法,在0.05~4.05μg/L呈线性关系,检测限高达0.04μg/L,IC_(50)值为0.23μg/L,与结构类似物NPAMOZ、NPAOZ和NPAHD的交叉反应率分别为0.03%、0.02%和0.26%。本论文提供的SEM半抗原的设计和改造方法,为呋喃西林的代谢物SEM的高效检测提供了新思路和方法。     

孔雀石绿人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体的制备

通过研究孔雀石绿(MG)抗原的合成和多克隆抗体的制备,探索研究食品中孔雀石绿残留的检测方法。本实验先合成含有羧基的孔雀石绿半抗原(CMG),并用液-质联用法进行分析鉴定。半抗原经重氮化法处理后分别偶联两种载体蛋白BSA和OVA,并通过紫外分光光度法进行鉴定。与CMG标准品和两种载体蛋白的紫外吸收光谱相比,偶联物的吸收峰发生了明显的偏移,计算得免疫原的偶联比为10.6:1,说明偶联成功。通过免疫制备多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA法对CMG抗血清的效价进行检测,并进一步检测抗体的特异性,两只兔子的IC50值分别为8.1ng/mL和4.6ng/mL。     

盐酸西布曲明人工抗原的合成与鉴定

目的：建立盐酸西布曲明的免疫分析方法。方法：4-氯苯乙腈和1, 3-二溴丙烷为原料合成与盐酸西布曲明具有相同母核结构的小分子双去甲基西布曲明(M2),以双去甲基西布曲明为半抗原,并分别通过活泼酯法、戊二醛法和混合酸酐法将半抗原与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备免疫原(M2-BSA)和包被抗原(M2-OVA)。结果：紫外光谱扫描证明半抗原M2与载体蛋白偶联比为24.6:1(M2-BSA)和16.2:1(M2-OVA),抗血清ELISA效价均达到1:8000以上,IC50=0.42μg/mL。结论：半抗原M2与载体蛋白均已成功偶联,其中活泼酯法对半抗原活性基团的影响最小,合成人工抗原的特异性最强。     

展青霉素多克隆抗体的制备

展青霉素是一种神经毒素,对动物的细胞和组织有很强的毒性作用。展青霉素原药毒性大,价格昂贵且不稳定;其化学结构简单,直接制备免疫原效果不理想。因此,目前报道的展青霉素免疫分析方法并不多。免疫原的设计合成是免疫分析方法建立的关键步骤之一。本论文通过计算机辅助模拟设计,借鉴药物分子虚拟筛选的方法,研究展青霉素结构特点,优化筛选毒性较低且价格廉价的替代物,设计并成功合成展青霉素半抗原。活化酯法偶联两种载体蛋白(BSA和KLH)制备展青霉素两种免疫原,免疫动物制备多克隆抗体,抗血清效价分别可以达到1:16000和1:64000。本研究为进一步建立展青霉素免疫分析方法打下基础。同时,论文为小分子有毒有害物免疫原设计提供了一种新思路和新方法。     

呋喃它酮代谢物5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定与胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制

目的:制备5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(AMOZ)单克隆抗体,并建立AMOZ胶体金试纸条检测方法.方法:AMOZ与对醛基苯甲酸反应生成半抗原CP-AMOZ,将CP-AMOZ与BSA、OVA偶联制备完全抗原.免疫小鼠后制备腹水型抗体,ELISA检测抗体效价与其对CP-AMOZ半抑制浓度(IC50)和最低检测限(LOD),并检测抗体的特异性.胶体金与单抗偶联,同时在NC膜上包被完全抗原、兔抗鼠多抗分别作为检测线和质控线,制备免疫层析试纸条,测定试纸条的灵敏度与特异性.结果:成功制备CP-AMOZ-BSA、CP-AMOZ-OVA完全抗原及抗CP-AMOZ的单抗,抗体效价为1∶1.6×105,对CP-AMOZ IC50为0.86μg/L,LOD 0.07 μg/L,与其他硝基呋喃类药物代谢物及其衍生物均无交叉反应.制备的胶体金试纸条灵敏度5 μg/L.结论:成功合成了CP-AMOZ的完全抗原,免疫小鼠后制备了特异性强的单抗,并以此为基础研制出敏感、特异的胶体金快速检测试纸条.     

两种司帕沙星完全抗原的合成鉴定及免疫效果研究

目的:用两种方法合成司帕沙星人工抗原,并制备相应的鼠源多克隆抗体。方法:用混合酸酐法和DCC法将半抗原SPFX与BSA偶联制备免疫原SPFX-BSA,通过DCC法制备人工包被原SPFX-OVA,采用紫外光扫描和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行鉴定与分析。免疫小鼠后,采用间接ELISA法测定多抗血清效价,阻断ELISA,鉴定其抑制价和特异性。结果:UV和SDS-PAGE鉴定结果初步表明SPFX人工抗原成功合成;动物试验表明,4只小鼠多抗血清效价均在3.2×104以上,其中1号小鼠IC50值为163.87 ng/mL,与其他竞争物无明显交叉反应,抗体特异性良好。结论:两种偶联方法均能成功合成人工抗原,制备出鼠源抗SPFX多克隆抗体,其中混合酸酐法能明显提高完全抗原的合成和免疫效果。     

间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定水产品中的组胺残留

本文通过制备特异性识别组胺衍生物的多克隆抗体,建立了针对水产品中组胺的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ic-ELISA)。以组胺等为反应原料经三步化学反应合成组胺半抗原,采用活泼酯法将组胺半抗原分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联作为包被原和免疫原,用紫外扫描法进行鉴定,结果显示组胺半抗原与载体蛋白偶联成功。通过免疫新西兰大白兔制备组胺抗血清,采用辛酸-硫酸铵方法纯化血清获得了相应的特异性多克隆抗体。通过对ic ELISA系列反应条件的摸索,确定了各组分的最适工作条件。试验结果表明:该方法对于组胺的IC50为0.91 ng/mL,与组氨酸、N-酰基组氨酸、3-甲基组胺等多种类似物及其衍生物均无交叉反应,方法特异性良好;线性检测范围为0.1～8.1 ng/mL,检出限为0.10 ng/mL;按照10、20、30 ng/g的添加量添加组胺至鱼、虾和贝类样品中,测得其回收率为98.9%～130.1%。方法检测的准确性好灵敏度高,适用于实际水产样品中组胺的检测。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇人工抗原和多克隆抗体的制备

对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的两种半抗原合成方法进行对比研究,合成半抗原,并采用活化酯法将半抗原与牛血清白蛋白偶联制备得到免疫原,通过特定程序免疫日本大耳白兔获得了多克隆抗体.抗血清效价为1∶32 000,proteinA-sepharose 4B 亲和层析纯化的DON抗体与DON、3-AC-DON(3-乙酰氧基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、15-AC-DON(15-乙酰氧基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、T-2毒素、OTA(赭曲霉A)、ZEN (玉米赤霉烯酮)的交叉反应率分别为:100%、500%、2.50%、0.10%、0.01%、0.01%,表明了所制备DON抗体的高特异性.     

孔雀石绿多克隆抗体的制备与筛选

设计并成功合成了三种孔雀石绿半抗原,所有半抗原均采用活化酯法分别与血匙兰蛋白(KLH)偶联制备成免疫抗原,与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备成包被抗原。利用所制备的三种免疫原免疫新西兰大耳白兔都获得了高效价的抗孔雀石绿抗体,并将每一种抗体都与三种包被抗原进行组合配对,通过间接竞争酶联免疫吸附检测(ELISA)方法筛选出最佳的抗体-包被抗原组合,筛选出的抗体采用Sepharose FF-Protein A亲和层析柱纯化,采用间接ELISA法测定效价及鉴定特异性。经测定筛选出的抗体效价达到1:12000,IC50值为0.65 ng/mL,交叉反应表明该抗体有较好的特异性,与结构类似物结晶紫的交叉反应率为18.73%,与隐性孔雀石绿及隐性结晶紫的交叉反应率低于10%。本研究为建立快速检测食品中孔雀石绿残留的免疫分析方法奠定了基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press