聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS的相互作用

本文通过对聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS混合体系的相对粘度和表面张力研究,证明聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS之间存在着明显的相互作用。这两种聚合物很容易和表面活性剂相互作用,通过缔合,形成混合胶束状聚集体,导致溶液粘度剧增。随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入,溶液粘度发生起伏变化,出现最大值（最小值）。而二者的相互作用使体系溶液的表面张力在SDS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）前后呈现先减小后增大,最后趋于平衡的情况。且聚表相互作用使溶液界面的界面张力比纯表面活性剂溶液的界面张力有所升高。     

表面活性剂与聚合物的相互作用

表面活性剂与聚合物共存时，存在相互作用，体系黏度，表面张力等性能将发生变化。表面活性剂与聚合物的相互作用过程具有协同效应或非协同效应，相互作用和表面活性剂电荷、疏水性、胶束形状以及聚合物的结构、线性电荷密度和介质离子强度等因素有关，综述了表面活性剂-聚合物相互作用的研究方法、相互作用机理及表面活性剂-聚合物体系的性质和应用，着重介绍了近年来国内外的研究概况。     

两性聚合物与阴离子表面活性剂的相互作用

制备了一种两性聚合物,利用粘度法、界面张力法研究了两性聚合物与阴离子表面活性剂在溶液中的相互作用。实验结果表明:随着表面活性剂的增加,聚合物溶液粘度先增加、再降低;同时,聚合物对阴离子表面活性剂的界面性能也有较大影响,聚合物的加入使表面活性剂降低油/水界面张力的能力增大,油/水界面张力达到平衡所需时间缩短。     

新型缔合聚合物ADH溶液性能研究

研究了疏水缔合水溶性聚合物稀溶液的盐增粘性、抗温性、pH值效应,分析了溶液中聚合物与外加表面活性剂的相互作用,并初步研究了剪切速率对聚合物溶液粘度的影响。     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠的相互作用

通过对聚合物聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PAM/PVP)与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合体系的相对黏度和表面张力研究,证明聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS之间存在着明显的相互作用,通过缔合,形成混合胶束状聚集体,导致溶液黏度剧增。随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入,溶液黏度发生起伏变化,出现最大值(最小值)。而2者的相互作用使体系溶液的表面张力在SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)前后呈现先减小后增大,最后趋于平衡的情况。且聚表相互作用使溶液界面的界面张力比纯表面活性剂溶液的界面张力有所升高。     

期刊文献

正Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂与铜酞菁染料的相互作用房宽峻,刘代明,蔡玉青摘要:采用电导率测定、可见吸收光谱和表面张力测定等方法研究了Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂与铜酞菁结构染料直接蓝199的相互作用。结果表明,染料与表面活性剂作用后,在溶液中形成染料表面活性剂离子对复合物,使染料的吸收光谱发生变化,最大波长出现红移。同时,离子对复合物的形成使溶液的表面张力和电导率发生变化,混合溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)大于纯表面活性剂溶液的,而电导率随着表面活性剂浓     

小知识

表面活性剂与聚合物共存时，存在相互作用，体系黏度、表面张力等性能将发生变化。表面活性剂与聚合物的相互作用过程具有协同效应或非协同效应，相互作用与表面活性剂电荷、疏水性、胶束形状以及聚合物的结构、线性电荷密度和介质离子强度等因素有关。     

复合表面活性剂相互作用的研究

复合表面活性剂相互作用机理及规律的研究,可通过计算混合溶液表面层和胶团中分子相互作用参数β_σ、β_m进行定量表征。研究表明,正负离子表面活性剂的相互作用使混合体系表面活性显著增强,加入非离子或两性表面活性剂,其溶解性能明显改善;阴离子表面活性剂的相互作用,取决于是活性剂离子的“互憎”(或排斥)作用占主导,还是“内聚”(或吸引)作用占主导;而无机盐、醇类、高分子化合物等添加剂的加入,复合表面活性剂的相互作用随之发生变化。     

表面活性剂与聚合物相互作用的研究进展

研究表面活性剂与聚合物相互作用具有重要的理论和实际意义,从实验技术角度,对包括表面张力、电导率、流变法、平衡渗析、现代量热技术、核磁光谱、光散射技术、荧光探针、电子自旋共振技术等方面的表面活性剂与聚合物相互作用的研究方法进行了全面的总结,同时简要评述了各种实验技术手段的特点,介绍了核磁共振法、现代量热技术中的等温滴定量热法具备的独特优势,重点阐述了两性离子表面活性剂/聚合物体系的实验方法。     

Gemini表面活性剂与疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的相互作用研究进展

简述了Gemini表面活性剂的分类和特性,疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的结构、合成方法和特性;重点综述了Gemini表面活性剂和疏水缔合水溶性聚合物相互作用的研究进展,包括复配体系的表面活性、油/水界面性能、界面膜流变性能、流变性能、微观聚集体和相互作用的热力学等;同时对复配体系在一些领域的应用和研究趋势进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。