离心泵隔舌对流体激振力的影响研究

为了研究隔舌厚度对离心泵压力脉动的影响规律,本文采用基于RNG k-ε模型封闭的Reynold平均方程和滑移网格技术对三维非定常流进行了数值模拟,得到了内部流场特性及泵的压力脉动情况,并对其进行了频域分析。计算结果表明：在设计工况下,叶轮受到的激振力与叶轮和隔舌的压力脉动有关;激振力的频率主要成分是叶片通过隔舌的频率;流体激振力的幅值随着隔舌厚度的增加而增加。     

横向流体激振力作用下的不平衡离心叶轮转子分岔特性研究

将叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子，建立了不平衡离心叶轮转子在非线性横向流体激振力和非线线轴承油膜力作用下的振动模型，并推导了系统的无量纲运动方程。运用数值积分法研究了系统的分岔特性。最后分析了横向流体激振力以及叶轮不平质量对离心叶轮系统动力学性能的影响。     

流体激发结构振动响应预测模型及激振力的识别

本文引入模态分析方法用以建立流体诱发结构振动的应变响应予测模型。具体讨论了处于横向流作用下的单根圆柱的振动应变响应问题,推导了用模态参数表达的应变传递函数矩阵及应变响应的表达式,叙述了应用电阻应变计来测量应变响应和应变传递函数的方法。在此基础上,测量了在某一流场条件下的振动应变响应,据此识别了流体激励力谱。实验结果表明,在雷诺数为10~4左右时,流体的激振力主要来自旋涡脱落,湍流脉动所起作用则较小。     

离心泵流体激励力的研究：叶轮部分

研究叶轮流体激励力是进一步研究离心泵流体激振的基础之一。本文基于对单级单吸式离心泵内非定常流场的CFD计算,通过积分得出叶轮转动过程中叶轮各表面所受空间三个方向的流体和力与和力矩,并分析了各表面对合力与合力矩的贡献,最后通过测试离心泵转轴的径向振动位移以验证所得结果的正确性。结果表明,叶轮各表面流体力空间三向合力与绕三个正交坐标轴的合力矩均周期波动,其中两个相互垂直的叶轮径向流体合力均以叶轮转动一周为一个周期,其余方向合力与绕坐标轴的合力矩均以相邻叶片通过蜗舌的时间一个周期;叶片所受流体径向合力是叶轮所受径向流体力的主要来源,叶轮前盖板外表面与后盖板外表面之间的压力差决定叶轮所受轴向力的大小,前盖板流体压力分布的不均匀程度决定叶轮绕径向转矩的大小,叶片所受流体力是叶轮绕转轴转矩的主要原因。     

气流激振对球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学特性的影响

车用球轴承涡轮增压器气流激振力包括密封流体激振力和叶顶间隙气流激振力。针对某型号车用球轴承涡轮增压器,分别应用Black模型和Alford模型,计算得到密封流体激振力和叶顶间隙气流激振力。将计算结果代入模型进行仿真计算,得到密封流体激振力和叶顶间隙气流激振力对增压器转子系统临界转速、稳定性、不平衡响应的影响规律。分别与临界转速实验结果、与未添加叶顶间隙气流激振力模型计算结果、未添加密封流体激振力和叶顶间隙气流激振力的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:密封流体激振力增加系统阻尼,降低球轴承涡轮增压器转子系统的振幅,提升系统的稳定性;气流激振增加系统交叉刚度,降低系统稳态响应振幅。     

热电偶套管流体激振数值分析

用于测量管内流体温度的热电偶,由于受到高温、高速流体冲击,常发生套管断裂现象。采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对一热电偶套管周围非定常流场进行数值模拟,分析高速、非定常流动引起的热电偶套管受力与振动情况,提出在套管前串列干扰装置以抑制振动、减轻受力的改进措施,并对改进后效果进行分析和验证。研究结果可为热电偶套管结构优化设计提供参考。     

离心泵流体激励力诱发的振动:蜗壳途径与叶轮途径

研究蜗壳、叶轮途径流体力诱发的离心泵振动,分析CFD蜗壳内表面流体力作用下电机-离心泵-机架FEM模型瞬态响应;用Newmark-β算法分析CFD叶轮表面流体合力、合力矩作用下叶轮-转轴-支撑-机架转子动力学模型响应;并对比蜗壳、叶轮两条途径流体力诱发离心泵基座振动。结果表明,泵内表面流体压力脉动为宽频激振源,会诱使离心泵系统产生各阶模态振动;流体力通过叶轮途径诱发离心泵基座振动位移幅值谱最大峰值出现在叶轮转频处,振动加速度幅值谱最大峰值出现在叶轮流道通过频率处,而非叶片通过频率处;流体力通过蜗壳途径诱发的离心泵基座振动远小于叶轮途径诱发的振动,叶轮-转轴-支撑-机架为流体激励诱发离心泵基座振动的主要途径。     

离心泵流体激励力的研究：蜗壳部分

研究了叶轮转动过程中离心泵蜗壳所受流体激励力。基于CFD计算了离心泵叶轮转动过程中的瞬态内流场,而后积分得出蜗壳内表面三个方向上流体激励合力并进行频谱分析,最后运用九次多项式拟合、傅立叶级数与分段多项式拟合分别建立叶轮单周转动各向流体合力数学模型。结果表明：蜗壳所受出口方向、进口方向与垂直于进出口方向的流体激励力以叶片通过频率为基频波动,且波动幅值依次减小,波谷均出现于叶片通过蜗舌时;采用三段多项式拟合所建的数学模型与原始波形有最小的偏差,并且具有较低阶次     

汽轮机间隙气流激振力分析

基于流体动力学,应用动量定理研究汽轮机直叶片、短扭叶片、长扭叶片以及汽轮机调节级由于间隙引起的气流激振力问题,综合考虑了叶片的各项设计参数并应用理论分析方法导出普遍适用的计算公式,解决了Alford公式中需人为选取效率系数的困难。数值实验的结果表明,所导出的计算公式是可靠的。     

转子密封系统流体激振及其减振技术研究简评

密封流体激振已成为许多转子强烈振动的根源。本文回顾了转子密封系统流体激振研究的历史和现状，重点讨论了密封动力特性系数计算、阻尼密封的研究和应用。密封流体激振减振技术的关键是降低密封腔中流体的平均周向速度，提高转子的固有频率。高参数叶轮机械的发展，使转子密封系统流体激振问题的研究面临新的挑战，需要对现行的理论和方法进行改进和发展。     

仿生降噪蜗舌试验研究与数值模拟分析

摘要：利用逆向工程方法,提取长耳鸮翼表面形态与构型降噪特征元素,设计仿生降噪蜗舌。将仿生降噪蜗舌应用于离心风机气流噪声控制,通过对比试验研究,在整个频段的总声压级LA均低于原型风机,声压级平均降低2.3dB;影响仿生蜗舌降噪效果的主次因素为：仿生形态单元间距t、仿生形态单元个数n、仿生形态单元高度h。基于计算气动声学原理的数值模拟分析表明,仿生系统降噪机理主要为：减小了气流对蜗舌的冲击,使蜗舌表面紊流附面层压力脉动减弱并延缓蜗舌后部涡流分离脱落;使从风机叶轮流出的脉动气流在流经仿生蜗舌表面时,流速分布较为均匀,速度突变较少,气流稳定性的增强有利于降低气流噪声的产生。     

Large-Eddy-Simulation-based analysis of complex flow structures within the volute of a vaneless centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pumps are very common in many fluid handling industrial applications, such as petrochemicals, oil and gas, etc. Although the design practices for centrifugal pumps are well established, efforts are directed towards optimising such systems for better operational efficiencies. In order to optimally design centrifugal pumps, it is beneficial to first understand the complex flow phenomena within different sections of the pump for a variety of operating conditions. This is normally achieved through the use of modern techniques, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), where the flow within centrifugal pumps can be numerically modelled and important flow features can be analysed for better understanding of interactions amongst different process variables. CFD offers different turbulence modelling techniques with an aim to predict realistic flow approximations. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) offers a more accurate solution to this, in which the larger eddies are resolved while smaller eddies are modelled; hence predictions using LES are more realistic. Further, in turbulence modelling within centrifugal pumps, it is also important to model the complete interaction amongst different variables rather than a simplistic single blade passage flow analysis. In the present work, the complex blade–tongue interactions and their consequent effects on the pressure fluctuations within the volute have been evaluated. It is seen that the secondary flow features in the near-tongue regions due to blade interactions with the tongue affect the flow characteristics within the volute considerably.     

离心风机蜗壳设计优化

介绍一种采用改进后的等边基方法绘制离心风机蜗壳型线的方法。经模拟分析和试验验证,认为其具有简单、实用的特点,适合广大空调工程技术人员使用。     

离心泵空化下的转速瞬变特性试验研究

通过安装轴编码器获取了离心泵空化过程的转速瞬变信号,利用时域和频域分析手段进一步探索在不同空化程度下转速瞬变的特点和规律.分析结果表明:当离心泵内刚发生空化时,离心泵的转速变化范围最大,以标准差衡量转速的波动程度也最大,严重空化时转速的波动程度高于未空化时的波动程度;在频域上,试验用离心泵-电机系统的转速的固有频率为2...     

The effect of polymer additives on the characteristics of a centrifugal pump

The effect of polymer additives at various concentration levels on the parameters of a centrifugal pump is demonstrated experimentally. Optimal polyacrylamide concentrations for a centrifugal pump are determined.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1070–1073, December, 1973.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

空调器柜机多翼离心风机扩压口的优化设计

以某型号柜机为研究对象,采用CFD模拟技术对柜机室内机的风道系统进行三维数值模拟,通过分析风道的气流组织情况、改进原机多翼离心风机扩压口的型线、优化风道内部流场达到增大整机循环风量的目的。数值模拟结果显示,改进后的风机的风量比原机的增大5.1%。根据数值模拟结果制作手板进行实验验证,通风量由1 145 m3/h增加到1 199 m^3/h,增幅为4.7%,实验结果与数值模拟结果具有较好的一致性。     

船用离心风机壳体振动噪声优化研究

当风机进出口连接长管道时,其外部辐射噪声主要是内部非定常流动诱发蜗壳振动产生的振动噪声。风机壳体的振动噪声是典型的流固干涉噪声,通常基于非定常流场获得振动激励源。为了控制此类噪声,通过振动噪声数值计算方法,并结合试验设计方法(Design of Experiment, DOE),给出了一种以壳体各板块厚度(前板TF,侧板TS,后板TB)为设计变量、以壳体振动辐射声功率为目标函数的单目标优化方法。研究表明,当保持壳体质量不变时,优化后,壳体表面辐射声功率均有不同程度降低,壳体表面基频辐射声功率降幅最大,达到6.23 dB。     

一种能考虑动升力影响的高速艇迎浪纵向运动的数学模型

根据高速艇在静水及波浪中运动的特点，提出了高速艇迎浪纵向运动的基本假设，建立了能考虑动升力影响的高速艇迎浪纵向运动基本方程，并提出了高速艇迎浪纵向运动预报的一种新方法（滑航法），编制了理论预报程序，进行了模型试验验证研究．结果表明，中高航速时，滑航法可用于高速艇迎浪纵向运动的预报。     

Multi-objective optimization of a low specific speed centrifugal pump using an evolutionary algorithm

This paper describes the shape optimization of a low specific speed centrifugal pump at the design point. The target pump has already been manually modified on the basis of empirical knowledge. A genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) with certain enhancements is adopted to improve its performance further with respect to two goals. In order to limit the number of design variables without losing geometric information, the impeller is parametrized using the Bézier curve and a B-spline. Numerical simulation based on a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulent model is done in parallel to evaluate the flow field. A back-propagating neural network is constructed as a surrogate for performance prediction to save computing time, while initial samples are selected according to an orthogonal array. Then global Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained and analysed. The results manifest that unexpected flow structures, such as the secondary flow on the meridian plane, have diminished or vanished in the optimized pump.