基于EMMD的欠定旋转机械振动信号盲源分离

传统盲源分离算法通常基于观测信号数不小于源信号数的假设, 当观测信号数小于源信号数时, 盲源分离效果较差, 而欠定的甚至单通道信号的盲源分离问题普遍存在于旋转机械中, 针对该问题, 提出一种基于极值域均值分解的欠定旋转机械振动信号盲源分离算法。首先把欠定的观测信号进行极值域均值分解得到一系列本征模函数, 将欠定观测信号和其本征模函数组成多维信号, 作为新的观测信号实现升维;然后利用奇异值分解和贝叶斯准则进行源数估计, 最后利用基于四阶累积量的特征矩阵联合对角化方法实现信号的盲分离。仿真结果表明, 该方法能够有效地解决欠定观测信号的盲源分离问题。     

基于EMD和CICA的单通道盲源分离方法用于齿轮箱混合故障诊断研究

针对传统的独立分量分析难以解决齿轮箱混合故障诊断中存在的欠定盲分离问题,提出了基于EMD和CICA(约束独立分量分析)的单通道盲源分离方法。通过单通道加速度传感器采集齿轮箱混合故障信号,对其进行EMD分解以实现降噪及单通道扩展,采用基于白噪声统计特性和峭度值结合的方法选取有效的IMF分量,将其作为盲源分离的输入信号,通过CICA方法提取目标振动信号,识别故障特征。通过对齿轮箱轴承与齿轮混合故障的仿真及实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于反馈变分模式分解的单通道盲源分离算法

针对源信号数目未知时,变分模式分解(VMD)算法分离单通道混合信号的性能受人为设定的模式分量中心频率间隔Δf影响大、复杂度高的问题。提出了基于反馈机制的VMD单通道盲源分离(VMDF-SCBSS)算法;首先利用VMD将观测信号分解为两个模式分量,其次利用相似系数衡量模式分量纯度,将最纯的模式分量反馈到输入端并从输入信号中减去,最后根据所提出的由相似系数构造的循环迭代终止条件判断是否继续分解。仿真结果表明,VMDF-SCBSS算法无需人为确定Δf,能很好地分离单载波源信号并估计源信号数目,算法复杂度较低。     

基于EEMD子带提取相关机械振动信号单通道盲源分离

针对传统独立分量分析难以解决机械故障诊断中存在的相关源信号盲分离、欠定盲分离等问题,在相关振源信号部分子带满足统计独立的假设前提下,提出基于总体经验模态分解子带提取相关机械源单通道盲源分离方法。该方法将单通道观测信号进行总体经验模态分解获得到子带观测信号,将单通道信号及子带观测信号组成新的多维信号,利用奇异值分解及贝叶斯准则估计源信号数目;据互信息标准与源信号数目选若干独立性较强的子带观测信号重构,实现信号升维;对重构的观测信号进行白化预处理及联合近似对角化,获得源信号估计。并仿真、实验验证该方法在机械故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于VMD的噪声信号去噪源分离

针对噪声信号分析中的欠定盲源去噪问题,基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)、主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和去噪盲源分离(Denoising Source Separation,DSS)各自的优点,提出一种基于VMD和PCA的欠定去噪源分离方法 (QVMD-PCA-DSS)。所提方法首先通过第一次VMD分解得到窄带本征模态分量(Band-Limited Intrinsic Mode Function,BIMF),根据BIMF分量的PCA特征值梯度获得最优VMD分解参数,解决VMD参数选择问题,故称作二次估计型可变微分模态(Quadratic-estimates Variational Mode Decomposition,QVMD),然后使用基于QVMD分解得到的BIMF分量来解决盲源分离中源信号数据不足的问题,再根据PCA特征值选择模型估计源信号数量,最后应用DSS进行源信号估计。数据仿真证明,所提QVMD-PCA-DSS方法可以准确估计源信号,与传统方法相比,基于新方法所得估计源信号与源信号更为接近。将该方法应用于内燃机车司机室噪声测试分析中。结果表明,该方法可以自适应解决欠定盲源去噪问题,对降噪分析与噪声分析具有重要的工程意义。     

SCA-VMD在变压器声信号降噪中的应用

针对采集变压器运行声信号时会混入噪声的情况,提出了基于稀疏分量分析-变分模态分解（sparse component analysis-variational modal decomposition,SCA-VMD）分离变压器运行声信号并降噪的方法。基于稀疏特性的欠定盲源分离能够在观测信号数目小于未知源信号数目的情况下实现源信号的有效分离,变分模态分解（VMD）能将一个多分量信号一次性分解为多个单分量信号。以两路观测信号作为输入,利用稀疏分量分析法（SCA）分离得到变压器运行声信号,再利用VMD将分离信号分解为4层本征模态函数（intrinsic mode function,IMF）分量,通过阈值滤波的方法对高频分量和低频分量进行去噪处理,利用新的IMF分量重构得到去噪信号。仿真试验和实际试验结果表明,该方法能实现对变压器运行声信号的有效分离和去噪处理。     

基于DSS和FSWT的欠定信号识别方法研究

针对旋转机械信号分析时产生的欠定信号盲源分离问题,建立了一种基于频率切片小波变换(Frequency Slice Wavelet Transformation,FSWT)和去噪源分离(Denoising Source Separation,DSS)的欠定信号分析方法(FSWT-DSS),首先通过FSWT反变换重构出新的混合信号,有效解决欠定盲分离维数不足的问题,再应用DSS分离得到源信号,解决了欠定盲分离问题,同时解决了单独应用FSWT时进行时频分析的不足。算法仿真和应用实例验证了FSWT-DSS方法在实测故障信号分析中的有效性。     

基于改进频域压缩感知的轴承复合故障欠定盲提取

针对旋转机械复合故障频域盲提取算法的不足,为提高欠定盲提取分离结果精度,提出基于多尺寸多结构元素的闭-开组合形态滤波、遗传模拟退火聚类及频域压缩感知重构算法相结合的(C-OACMF-GASA-CS)故障特征欠定盲提取方法。利用形态滤波滤除背景噪声及提取冲击信号;利用遗传模拟退火算法估计混合矩阵;用估计矩阵重构传感矩阵,并用正交匹配追踪基频域压缩感知重构分离信号。实验仿真及双通道滚动轴承故障加速度振动信号分析结果表明,该方法能有效分离提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

基于独立分量分析的欠定盲源分离方法

目前的欠定盲分离算法只能分离稀疏信号,对于不稀疏的信号分离效果不理想。经典独立分量分析算法中的扩展Infomax算法既能分离超高斯信号,也能分离亚高斯信号,但却只能应用于观测数不少于源数的超定盲源分离,结合扩展Infomax算法,本文提出了一种欠定ICA算法,通过生成隐藏数据将欠定盲分离问题转化为超定盲分离问题,然后再应用经典的扩展Infomax算法进行分析,该方法可以分离欠定情形下超高斯和亚高斯混合信号。并用该算法对实测的齿轮箱混合故障信号进行分离,再用包络阶次方法对分离出的信号进行分析,成功识别出了齿轮箱的不同故障特征,验证了该算法在齿轮箱故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于单通道盲源分离的结构模态参数识别

针对基于传统盲源分离算法的结构模态参数识别需要满足传感器数目不少于源信号数目的问题,提出一种基于单通道盲源分离的结构模态参数识别方法,该方法利用单个通道信号即可完成结构模态参数识别。利用同步提取变换(synchro extracting transform, SET)对单通道观测信号进行时频分析以确定变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition, VMD)参数K的取值;将观测信号利用VMD分解形成K个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF);将K个IMF进行线性混合形成2维观测信号并与原单通道观测信号重构形成3维观测信号,利用基于信号稀疏性的源信号分离算法分离得到各单模态信号;利用单模态识别技术识别结构模态参数。仿真和实测信号数据表明所提方法的有效性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to