铁-硅-铝合金吸波材料的制备及其性能

以高纯铁、硅、铝粉为原料,采用机械合金化(MA)法制备了铁-硅-铝合金粉,用XRD和矢量网络分析仪分别研究了不同球磨时间粉体的物相组成和铁-硅-铝合金吸波材料在1～18 GHz频率范围内的电磁性能.结果表明:用MA法制备铁-硅-铝合金粉的完全合金化时间为80 h;制备的铁-硅-铝合金粉比原始铁粉具有更优异的电磁性能;铁-硅-铝合金体积分数为43%的吸波材料,在厚度为3mm时,在2～4 GHz频段内具有较低的反射率,在3 GHz处反射率最小为-16 dB.     

La纳米自组装膜的制备及摩擦学性能研究

采用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)分子自组装技术在硅基材料表面制备了稀土La复合纳米膜,利用浓缩体系全功能稳定性分析仪研究了自组装改性剂制备温度对氢氧化镧胶粒稳定性的影响,通过X-射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)研究了自组装改性剂溶液pH值对复合纳米膜中引入La量的影响,利用AFM研究了EDTA/La摩尔比及组装时间对复合纳米膜形貌的影响,利用AFM研究了在硅基材料表面自组装复合稀土纳米润滑膜前后的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,在玻璃基片表面成功地组装上了稀土La纳米薄膜;相对于原构件,La纳米膜表面粘附力较小,摩擦因数亦较低,呈现出良好的润滑效果;其摩擦稳定性和耐磨性都有很大程度上的提高.     

采用AFM研究单晶硅纳米加工特性

为获得AFM金刚石微探针在纳米尺度上加工脆性材料的加工特性,在AFM系统上对单晶硅表面进行了刻划、加工实验.实验结果与宏观车削加工结果进行了对比,得出在纳米尺度上进行的加工属塑性域加工.采用AFM金刚石微探针加工硅表面的加工质量主要受材料残留高度和形成的切屑在已加工表面的粘结两个因素影响.验证了AFM作为一种加工工具,受其刻划方向的影响,可以很容易地实现纳米量级材料的去除,得到厚度为数个纳米的切屑.     

太赫兹频段硅的光学特性研究

硅是常用的半导体材料,它作为信息时代的基石,一直都在材料领域占有很重要的地位.总结了硅在太赫兹频段的光学特性,得到了一些可靠的光学参数,为进一步研究基于硅衬底的THz光子器件奠定了基础.同时,本文还对硅在THz频段的应用前景进行了展望.     

几种纳米固体润滑添加剂热稳定性及其对基础油黏度的影响

采用综合热分析仪测试纳米铜、镍、锡和SiO2粉以及超细蛇纹石粉的差热分析曲线,研究了常用固体润滑添加剂的热稳定性,并用平氏毛细管黏度法研究了含不同质量分数纳米金属Cu-Ni-Sn粉、纳米SiO2粉和超细蛇纹石粉对基础油黏度及黏度指数的影响.结果表明:纳米铜、镍、锡和SiO2粉以及超细蛇纹石粉等几种固体润滑添加剂的热学性质比较稳定,在200 ℃以前不发生氧化现象,其对基础油的黏度和黏度指数没有影响,具备作为润滑油添加剂的条件.     

纳米陶瓷轴承

2003年6月，著名电脑制造商富士康推出了采用纳米陶瓷轴承(NCB)技术的系列电脑散热风扇。纳米陶瓷轴承与普通风扇用轴承的最大区别在于采用了由纳米级氧化锆粉作为主材料制造的陶瓷轴承并且搭配了特殊的纳米级粒子润滑剂。纳米级氧化锆粉具有大幅降低烧结温度、高硬度、高强度的特点。     

多晶体纳米切削的分子动力学仿真研究

分子动力学方法是探索纳米级机械加工机理的有力工具。这里运用分子动力学方法对人工构造的多晶体材料———多晶硅的纳米切削进行了三维仿真,采用了最适用于碳族材料的Tersoff势函数来描述工件上的硅原子、刀具上的碳原子及他们之间的相互作用。材料模型中包含了点缺陷、线缺陷、不同晶向及晶界等在多晶体材料中出现频繁的典型结构。通过对结果的分析,使我们对多晶体的纳米切削机理有了新的认识。     

微硅粉增密仓料位实时监测系统的设计与实现

为解决微硅粉增密仓料位无法监测而引起输料管道堵塞的问题,针对微硅粉这一特殊介质完成了微硅粉增密仓料位在线实时监测装置的系统设计.在描述系统工作原理的基础上,完成了传感器的电路连接和系统电源设计,系统采用STC系列单片机作为控制核心,完成了单片机的外围硬件电路设计.同时通过单片机编程实现了模拟量到数字量的转换并控制料位信号通过数码管输出显示.从软硬件两个方面阐述了系统的设计过程,最终开发出一种成本低、精度高的微硅粉增密仓料位实时监测装置.     

单晶硅纳米级磨削过程的理论研究

对内部无缺陷的单晶硅纳米级磨削过程进行了分子动力学仿真,从磨削过程中瞬间原子位置、磨削力、原子间势能、损伤层深度等角度研究了纳米级磨削加工过程,解释了微观材料去除、表面形成和亚表面损伤机理。研究表明：磨削过程中,单晶硅亚表面损伤的主要形式是非晶结构形式,无明显的位错产生,硅原子间势能的变化是导致单晶硅亚表面损伤的重要原因;另外,发现磨粒原子与硅原子之间有黏附现象发生,这是由于纳米尺度磨粒的表面效应而产生的。提出了原子量级条件下单晶硅亚表面损伤层的概念,并定义其深度为沿磨削深度方向原子发生不规则排列的原子层的最大厚度。     

硅晶片化学机械抛光材料去除机制与模型

通过分析软质层的形成、作用以及纳米磨料的自身变形对材料去除的影响，改进了CMP过程的接触力学模型；分析了纳米磨料自身变形量对磨料嵌入硅晶片基体材料的深度的影响，以及纳米磨料硬度对抛光表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：软质层的存在增加了单个纳米磨料所去除材料的体积，且对基体材料有保护作用，减小了纳米磨料嵌入基体材料的深度；纳米磨料的自身变形抵消了纳米磨料嵌入基体材料的切削深度，从而也决定了抛光表面的粗糙度；纳米磨料的自身变形量与纳米磨料的硬度有关，硬度低的纳米磨料自身变形量大，因而切削深度小，抛光后表面的粗糙度值低。     

热等静压氮化硅 (HIP- Si3N4)试件制备及性能测试

热等静压氮化硅(Hot Isostatic Pressure），一种新型工程陶瓷，作为耐高温、抗腐蚀复合材料摩擦副的一方，这里从配料、湿磨与湿筛、干馏与粒化、成型与脱脂、氮化、热静等压烧结等工序介绍了它的制备，并用BET，XPS方法对产品的物化及机械性能进行试验分析。     

β-Sialon/刚玉复相粉体材料的制备

研究了以硅粉、铝粉和刚玉粉为原料 ,通过对其表面作保护性处理 ,在 130 0℃的常压流动N2 氮气中合成了 β -Sialon/刚玉复相粉体材料。产物通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电镜 (SEM)和能谱 (EDS)分析 ,主晶相为 β-Sialon包覆的刚玉相 ,其显微形貌为板状和纤维状 ,此外 ,还有少量的 β -Si3 N4和α-Si3 N4。     

Solid particle erosion studies on biomorphic Si/SiC ceramic composites

Solid particle erosion tests were conducted on four different types of silicon carbide ceramic composites. The composites are cotton fabric based Si/SiC with and without chemical vapour infiltration, fine teak wood powder based Si/SiC and coarse teak wood powder based Si/SiC. The erodents used are angular SiC particles of average size 80, 250 and 450 μm. The velocities with which particles impacted on the target materials were varied from 20 to 50 m/s. Similarly the angle of impact was varied from 20° to 90°. Scanning electron microscopic observations on the eroded surface show brittle and cleavage like fracture. Fine teak wood powder based Si/SiC ceramic shows better erosion resistance than the other ceramics. Homogenous distribution of SiC grains with the presence of very fine grains of silicon and carbon is responsible for the improved erosion resistance. The higher erosion rate in cotton fabric based SiC arises from its microstructure. Here, the free carbon and free silicon grains are large in size and the SiC phase has very low hardness as compared to the erodent.     

ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT ON YIELD CRITERION FOR SINTERED POWDER MATERIALS

Plastic deformation is an important process to improve properties and obtain final products made of sintered powder materials.Sintered ferrous material is widely used in many engineering departments and its deformation characteristics are typical for most sintered powder materials.Factors such as deformation strengthening,instantaneous and initial relative densities,ete,on the subsequent yield strength are studied,and an approach to determine the plastic stress coefficient and hardening exponent is derived,which is based on the yield criterion and the strengthening laws of plastic deformation of sintered powder materials as well as on a uni-axial compression experiment of a sintered ferrous cylinder specimen.A unified form of the yield criterion function is obtained,in which the initial and the subsequent yields of sintered powder materials are expressed.     

The influence of oil additives on spread cracks in silicon nitride

The properties of ceramic materials (high hardness, high-temperature capability, low coefficient of thermal expansion) are of interest to rolling element materials. One of the most interesting materials is silicon nitride.The paper presents an experimental study of the influence of oil additives (Cl, S, P, cerium dioxide (CeO₂)) on spread cracks in silicon nitride. The additives Cl, S, P are bound in molecules in liquid form soluble in the base oil. The CeO₂ is purely in powder form in suspension. The use of CeO₂ powder was made based on the good results of polishing of silicon nitride. A ceramic angular contact ball bearing was modelled using a four-ball machine. Silicon nitride, -in diameters balls were artificially damaged with pre-cracks. Ring formed pre-cracks were propagated on the ball surface by a blunt impact load using a tungsten carbide ball under five various impacts.Rolling contact fatigue failure modes were studied under high contact stresses and speed. The surface of silicon nitride balls before and after failure was examined using scanning electron microscopy.The research of the present paper shows that fatigue failure under rolling contact loading is markedly sensitive on the size of pre-cracks and oil additives. Propagations of surface pre-cracks takes place under fatigue load. Primary and secondary surface crack propagation are described.     

An experimental study on microcutting of silicon using a micromilling machine

Micro-end-milling can potentially create desired 3D free-form surface features on silicon using ductile machining technology. A number of technological barriers must be overcome for micro-end-milling to be applied in the cutting of single crystal silicon. To produce smooth surfaces on brittle materials, such as silicon, it is important that the material be machined in the ductile mode. A major limitation of machining brittle materials is that the process of removing the material can generate subsurface damage. We have carried out an experimental study to find the optimum cutting conditions for obtaining ductile regime machining using a micromilling machine. The ductile and brittle regimes in the machining of silicon using diamond-coated end mills were demonstrated by machining grooves. The force ratio, F_t/F_c, was used to determine the milling performance on silicon. The experimental data show that the dominant ductile cutting mode was achieved when F_t/F_c?>?1.0.     

线切割单、多晶硅机床砂浆液调配的研究

线切割机对硅片切割能力的强弱,与砂浆的粘度有着不可分割的关系。而砂浆的粘度又取决于硅片切割液的粘度、硅片切割液与碳化硅微粉的适配性、硅片切割液与碳化硅微粉的配比比例、砂浆密度等。只有达到机器要求标准的砂浆粘度,才能在切割过程中提高切割效率和成品率。     

用不同中间层微波连接氮化硅陶瓷

研制的微波连接装置由微波源，单模谐振腔，红外光纤测温仪，焊件加压机构和真空及抽气系统组成。并在此装置上用不同中间层材料对氮化硅陶瓷进行了微波连接。     

Effect of the powder concentration and dielectric flow in the surface morphology in electrical discharge machining with powder-mixed dielectric (PMD-EDM)

The addition of powder particles to the electrical discharge machining (EDM) dielectric fluid modifies some process variables and creates the conditions to achieve a higher surface quality in large machined areas. This paper presents a new research work that aims to study the improvement in the polishing performance of conventional EDM when used with a powder-mixed-dielectric (PMD-EDM). The analysis was carried out varying the silicon powder concentration and the flushing flow rate over a set of different processing areas and the effects in the final surface were evaluated. The evaluation was done by surface morphologic analysis and measured through some quality surface indicators. The results show the positive influence of the silicon powder in the reduction of crater dimensions, white-layer thickness and surface roughness. Moreover, it was demonstrated that an accurate control of the powder concentration and flushing flow is a requirement for achieving an improvement in the process polishing capability.     

粉末球磨预处理对高硅铝合金材料组织与物理性能的影响

为制备出能满足使用要求的高硅铝合金电子封装材料,采用高能球磨对Al-Si合金粉末进行氧化预处理,结合包套热挤压制备Al2O3与SiO2增强的弥散强化型铝硅复合材料,并采用透射电镜、金相显微镜及热物性测试仪,对材料显微组织、密度、气密性、热膨胀系数及热导率进行分析测试.试验结果表明:与高温空气氧化相比,粉末高能球磨后,所制备材料的晶粒更加细小,特别是硅粒子已明显细化;粉末球磨后所制备材料密度接近于理论密度,其致密度在99%左右;材料气密性很好,在1 nPa·m3·s-1以下;材料热膨胀系数随粉末球磨时间延长而下降,当球磨时间超过24 h后,材料膨胀系数小于13 (K-1;随着球磨时间延长材料热导率增加,球磨32 h后,材料热导率高达145.5 W·m-1·K-1.