基于DFRFT水下动目标LFM回波检测算法

匹配滤波器作为高斯白噪声背景下线性调频信号的最优检测器,在水下声信号处理中得到了广泛的应用。根据匹配滤波器输出峰值位置可以获得目标距离的估计,但运动目标径向速度造成的回波和样本失配将导致匹配滤波器检测性能下降。利用分数阶傅里叶变换对线性调频信号的聚焦特性,提出了应用离散分数阶傅里叶变换的水下运动目标线性调频回波检测算法。仿真测试表明,该算法对于混响噪声背景下径向速度未知动目标的线性调频回波具有良好的检测性能。     

基于匹配滤波和离散分数阶傅里叶变换的水下动目标LFM回波联合检测

匹配滤波器是高斯白噪声背景下LFM回波的最优检测器,并且根据匹配滤波器输出的峰值位置可以获得目标距离的估计.有色混响噪声背景以及目标径向速度造成的回波和样本失配都将导致匹配滤波器检测性能和测距精度下降.结合匹配滤波的定位特性和分数阶傅里叶变换对LFM信号的聚焦特性,该文提出基于匹配滤波和离散分数阶傅里叶变换的联合检测方法.仿真结果表明联合检测方法性能优于单匹配滤波器,并且可以获得目标径向速度的近似估计.     

一种线性调频波形下的目标跟踪算法

研究在线性调频波形下把径向速度(多普勒)测量引入Kalman滤波的新方法，分析了距离和径向速度测量的统计特性以及距离-多普勒耦合引起的偏差，给出了位置测量噪声与径向速度测量噪声的协方差，导出了一个等价的径向速度测量方程，其测量噪声与位置测量噪声统计是不相关的，由此得到一个序贯处理的滤波算法。蒙特卡罗仿真表明，通过采用这一新算法引入径向速度测量，可以有效地消除距离—多普勒耦合引起的偏差，大大提高状态估计的精度，而且其估计性能优于传统的推广Kalman滤波。     

线性调频匹配滤波器的ARM回波提取技术

针对反辐射导弹(ARM)及其载机的雷达回波特性,提出一种改进的ARM回波提取方法,即先根据载机回波多普勒频率的估计值对时延信号进行相位补偿,然后与原信号相减抑制载机回波,再用线性调频匹配滤波器积累ARM回波。通过分析不同调频匹配误差条件下的滤波器性能,获得了有价值的结论。仿真实验表明该方法在低信噪比下仍然可以有效地提取ARM回波信号。     

调频斜率捷变联合BFT抑制密集假目标干扰算法

为实现相参雷达有效抑制密集假目标干扰,提出一种调频斜率捷变联合双正交傅里叶变换的干扰抑制算法。在自卫式干扰条件下,雷达发射调频斜率捷变线性调频信号波形并接收1个相干处理间隔回波进行处理。首先,通过匹配相关运算法估计受干扰段回波的平均时延,并根据时延截取受干扰段回波;然后,利用双正交傅里叶变换将回波信号转换至调频斜率域,利用调频斜率差异分离真实目标回波与干扰信号,并设计遮盖窗对干扰峰值位置进行遮盖;其次,通过双正交傅里叶逆变换恢复真实目标回波;最后进行脉冲压缩、相参积累进一步抑制干扰。通过仿真实验验证了方法的可行性以及在不同场景下的有效性。效能分析结果表明经干扰抑制后真实目标检测概率大幅提高,且算法在应对假目标数量较多场景时具备优势。     

基于时间-调频斜率分布的多普勒调频率估计

该文提出基于时间-调频斜率分布(TCD)的目标回波线性调频(LFM)信号的多普勒调频斜率估计算法。分析目标回波LFM信号的TCD表明自项和交叉项均在多普勒调频斜率处取得极大值,采用垂直调频斜率轴投影积分可以有效抑制TCD的非多普勒调频斜率交叉项及噪声,增强多普勒调频斜率项。同时,采用二次搜索方法搜索TCD投影积分量最大值保证多普勒调频斜率估计精度,有效减少运算量;理论分析表明,通过合理控制搜索步长,可以使得计算耗时在一定条件下最小。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,该方法具有较高的估计精度以及抗噪性能。     

毫米波雷达直升机旋翼回波匹配滤波研究

针对低重频毫米波雷达直升机旋翼回波信号检测中旋翼回波信噪比低的问题,本文采用发射大时宽带宽的线性调频信号,接收匹配滤波处理以增加旋翼回波信号的信噪比,并推导了线性调频旋翼回波模型。由于旋翼旋转对雷达回波产生调幅效应,使其对线性调频匹配滤波器失配,造成信噪比的下降。本文利用匹配滤波的概念,用旋翼匹配滤波器组近似达到了旋翼匹配滤波的性能,提高后端旋翼回波检测的信噪比。     

基于FRFT的LFMCW雷达加速动目标检测与参数估计

在线性调频连续波雷达中,目标加速度使回波多普勒信号受到速度和加速度的调制,造成多普勒频谱畸变,从而导致目标检测性能下降和参数估计精度损失.采用分数阶傅立叶变换的快速算法实现了加速运动目标回波检测和加速度-速度估计,并提出了一种自适应多级搜索算法实现了加速度-速度的快速估计,该算法具有运算复杂度低、精度高的特点.另外推导出了一般高斯白噪声环境下Chirp信号参数估计的CRB界,为高斯白噪声环境下参数估计的方差提供了实际下界.     

一种补偿加速度对目标回波影响的新方法

以雷达发射线性调频信号为例,分析了存在加速度条件下运动目标回波信号经过匹配滤波器后的失配问题,同时利用LFM回波信号的循环统计特性,提出一种基于循环相关变换的加速度估计算法,能够有效估计目标加速度参数,解决加速度带来的失配损失问题。利用Matlab进行仿真实验,验证了算法的有效性。     

强混响背景下LFM信号回波检测

混响是主动声纳检测的主要背景干扰,由于它是一种非平稳的有色噪声,使得工作在白噪声条件下的检测器性能受到极大限制.在混响背景下实现目标回波检测,常采用自回归(AR)模型对宽带回波预白化处理,但在强混响背景条件下,白化后直接进行匹配滤波检测的结果不甚理想.针对此问题,在AR模型预白化基础上,提出一种改进方法,对白化后信号先进行二分奇异值分解(SVD)处理,有效去除大部分混响干扰,然后再作匹配检测.仿真实验分析表明,相比于仅白化后的匹配滤波检测,该方法可提高信混比约3 dB,匹配检测效果得到了明显改善.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks