智慧光伏储能充电桩能源管理策略

本文描述了一种智慧光伏储能充电桩系统的架构,并提出了一种易于通过单片机实现的实时能源管理策略。不同于常见光储充方案采取交流母线的形式,该充电桩采用了直流母线电气架构。储能系统直接挂载在直流母线上,支撑母线电压,同时可通过功率变换器实现与电网、光伏与电动汽车之间的能量交换。通过分析该电气架构中的电能流经途径、寻找最高传输效率路径,并通过储能充分利用峰谷差价,制定规划了光储充多能互补平台下的能源管理策略。经分析计算,该策略能充分发挥光伏、储能的作用,实现储能日内低倍率充放,降低充电桩使用成本。以晴天非通勤车辆三次快速充电为例,通过该策略增加收入达28%。     

集约共享型有序充电网络布局方案

充电桩是电动汽车最为基础的配套设施.推进集约共享型有序充电网络布局,可提高充电桩利用效率.对于老旧小区,电力部门应主动对接物业、社区、街道,联合排查老旧小区充电桩报装需求,统一集中安装充电桩,从而满足充电需求,同时进行共享化管理,提高充电桩的利用率和经济效益,并安装智能充电控制器对小区需要进行充电的电动汽车进行多级排序...     

基于群系统一致性电动车充电桩接入微电网的控制研究

针对电动汽车快速充电和动力电池换电功率大,造成变流器不均流问题,文章提出群系统一致性策略对群充电桩进行协同控制。考虑充电桩节点间的通信拓扑和信息交互权值以及有充电桩退出系统等客观情况,分析了系统收敛特性,然后将交互后的一致性信息与电压、电流双闭环控制策略相结合,实现了群充电桩的电压、电流状态快速一致。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明,所提控制方案能有效地实现多充电变流器的电流一致和电压稳定,对实现电动汽车快速充电和大规模动力电池充换电有一定的理论意义。     

CCP协议在发动机匹配标定平台的应用

介绍了符合匹配标定标准化组织(ASAP)标准的CCP 协议,针对基于控制器局域网络(CAN)总线的CCP匹配标定平台技术的实现方式,对协议的核心内容和协议开发的流程进行了较为深入的剖析.经试验验证,利用该协议开发的匹配标定平台满足发动机管理系统监控和在线标定.     

电动汽车充电桩建设现状及规划方案

为实现对电动汽车充电桩的优化建设,对其建设现状及规划方案展开研究.当前充电桩建设存在建设区域分布不均匀、社会公共停车场充电费用较高和部分充电设施维护不及时等问题.针对建设现状,在明确用户充电场景集中、整体高峰充电时间呈三段式分布、车主平均充电时长较短且用户里程焦虑明显等用户充电行为的基础上,扩大现有停车场充电桩的建设面积,加大多种充电站建设的推动力度;优化充电桩运营管理模式,将私人充电桩纳入到市场当中,扩大充电服务范围;考虑各个区域范围充电需求,结合资金补贴政策,丰富补贴方式和服务类型;建立充电基础设施信息管理平台,统一监督管理,统一多个充电设施收费标准,方便充电设备运行维护,为促进电动汽车及配套充电设施和充电桩的发展提供参考意见.     

电动车光伏充电单元研究及主要参数匹配

针对电动汽车充电基础设施落后及太阳能光伏电站发电使用方式单一的缺点,本文提出光伏发电与电动汽车充电相结合的方式,设计出一种新型电动车光伏充电单元,不仅可解决电动汽车的充放电困难和环境污染问题,而且可更加便捷地利用太阳能,提高光伏电站的经济性。由于电动车光伏充电单元包含蓄电池和充电桩两个功能不同的部件,本文结合充电单元的功能,制定出电动车光伏充电单元的控制策略;并在此基础上,设计一套电动车光伏充电单元参数匹配方案,该方案可获得不同的光伏电站建设的匹配参数;然后依据该方案,本文给出一个设计示例,为光伏电站建设和电动车充电桩的设计提供了重要依据。     

基于公用配电网的共享电动汽车充电系统设计

公共电动汽车充电站的直流充电桩和私家交流充电桩都存在配电变压器负载率和充电桩使用率较低的问题。针对上述问题,提出了基于公用配电网的共享电动汽车充电系统设计。该系统利用公用配电变压器剩余容量配置直流充电桩,根据车主预约顺序和共享充电桩调度模型进行调度,轮流将充电机切换到对应电动汽车,最后通过采集变压器实时负荷数据动态调控各个充电桩运行功率。共享充电系统可以增加车主充电机会,提高配电变压器和充电桩利用率,稳定配变的负载率。     

移相全桥变换器在电动汽车充电单元中的应用

分析了峰值电流控制模式下移相全桥变换器的工作原理,设计了电动汽车充电单元的串联双闭环控制器。该控制器外环主回路实时获取负载电压与输入参考电压之间的偏差,通过输入PID电压环对输出电压进行调节,其内环副回路实时计算原边控制电流与PID电压环控制输出的偏差,通过输入PID电流环对控制电流进行调节。针对当控制输入信号占空比大于50%后峰值电流变换器系统出现不稳定的问题,设计了一种斜坡补偿方法,并以PIC16F887单片机为核心,开发了一套电动汽车充电控制单元。实验结果表明,所设计的充电控制单元可以满足电动汽车的充电要求,并具有可靠性高、动态响应快、补偿网络易实现以及带宽增益较高等优点。     

考虑顾客满意度的电动汽车充电桩规划策略

基于模拟退火算法(SA),研究了电动汽车充电负荷对配网电压的影响及充电桩的最优分布问题。首先,分析了不同时刻、不同负荷渗透率和同一时刻同一渗透率3种情景下,电动汽车充电负荷对配网电压偏移量造成不同程度的影响;然后,根据排队理论,以顾客等待时间和充电桩利用率建立满意度函数,得到最优的充电桩数量;再以节点压降最小为目标函数,通过模拟退火算法得到充电桩的最优分布策略。通过IEEE33节点系统的计算结果证实,优化后的站址分布能够大大地减弱电动汽车充电负荷对配网系统节点电压的影响,为衔接配网规划与充电桩规划提供参考。     

基于MPC5777的高压共轨柴油机控制器硬件单元设计

根据综合化及提高环境适应性、可靠性的设计思路,设计了一种基于MPC5777的高压共轨柴油机控制器硬件单元,完成了控制器硬件单元处理器模块、电源模块、离散信号处理模块、模拟量输入模块、高边驱动输出模块、脉冲宽度调制(PWM)输出模块、喷油器驱动模块和控制器局域网络(CAN)通讯模块的电路设计.通过台架试验验证表明,该控制...     

Powertrain control of a solar photovoltaic-battery powered hybrid electric vehicle

This paper proposes a powertrain controller for a solar photovoltaic battery powered hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The main objective of the proposed controller is to ensure better battery management, load regulation, and maximum power extraction whenever possible from the photovoltaic panels. The powertrain controller consists of two levels of controllers named lower level controllers and a high-level control algorithm. The lower level controllers are designed to perform individual tasks such as maximum power point tracking, battery charging, and load regulation. The perturb and observe based maximum power point tracking algorithm is used for extracting maximum power from solar photovoltaic panels while the battery charging controller is designed using a PI controller. A high-level control algorithm is then designed to switch between the lower level controllers based on different operating conditions such as high state of charge, low state of charge, maximum battery current, and heavy load by respecting the constraints formulated. The developed algorithm is evaluated using theoretical simulation and experimental studies. The simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed technique.     

A review of international safety testing standards and regulations for lithium ion power batteries

研究了国内外具有代表性的动力锂电池安全性测试标准及规范,包括ISO 12405、IEC 62660、SAE J2464、SAE J2929、UL 2580、ECE R100-02、GB/T 31485、GB/T 31467.3和FreedomCAR。将安全性测试项目分为机械安全性、环境安全性和电气安全性3类,详细介绍了各试验项目在不同标准规范的具体参数,总结了我国国标与国外标准的异同,最后指出了现行标准规范中的不足,提出了改进意见。     

插电式混合动力汽车两种能耗试验方法的对比研究

插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)因节能减排效果显著,且又不受续驶里程、充电时间的限制,成为汽车发展的潮流。从试验过程、试验工况、加权方法等方面分析对比了GB/T 19753-2013和GB/T 19753-XXXX(讨论稿)两种插电式混合动力汽车能耗试验方法,并用同一车辆分别进行测试,对比分析了续驶里程、综合的百公里电量消耗、燃料消耗的变化。总结了今后切换试验方法对PHEV能耗最终测试结果的影响,为PHEV能耗限值标准的修订提供了建议。     

Analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle utility factors

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are hybrid electric vehicles that can be fueled from both conventional liquid fuels and grid electricity. To represent the total contribution of both of these fuels to the operation, energy use, and environmental impacts of PHEVs, researchers have developed the concept of the utility factor. As standardized in documents such as SAE J1711 and SAE J2841, the utility factor represents the proportion of vehicle distance travelled that can be allocated to a vehicle test condition so as to represent the real-world driving habits of a vehicle fleet. These standards must be used with care so that the results are understood within the context of the assumptions implicit in the standardized utility factors. This study analyzes and derives alternatives to the standard utility factors from the 2001 National Highway Transportation Survey, so as to understand the sensitivity of PHEV performance to assumptions regarding charging frequency, vehicle characteristics, driver characteristics, and means of defining the utility factor. Through analysis of these alternative utility factors, this study identifies areas where analysis, design, and policy development for PHEVs can be improved by alternative utility factor calculations.     

电动汽车充换电站谐波水平分析及治理

在政府对电动汽车产业的大力推动下,我国电动汽车产业将步人快速发展期,这也极大地推动了电动汽车充换电设施的建设。大量充电设备的接入将给电网的电能质量带来影响。文中以某电动公交充换电站为依托,通过大量现场试验取得详尽的数据,分析不同规模充电机对电网造成的谐波影响,并对采用谐波治理措施的效果进行测试和评估。采用有源电力滤波器后网侧5、7次谐波电流明显减少,满足国标GB／T14549—2008规定的限制值。     

Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging/discharging strategies on the operation management of grid accessible and remote microgrids

This article deals with impact analysis of different electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging strategies (CDS) on the operation and pollutant treatment cost of both grid accessible and remote microgrid (MG) modes. In this regard, EV demand is developed under four different scenarios, namely, uncoordinated charging model (UCM), load leveling model (LLM), maximum renewable model (MRM), and charging discharging model (CDM). A comprehensive study is performed to see the effect of these different EV charging/discharging behaviors in optimizing MG's operation. A 2m scheme of Hong's point estimate method (PEM) is applied to examine the effect of uncertainties linked with the forecasted errors in load demand, solar energy, wind energy, and grid price respectively on MG operation problem. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of variations in battery parameters on economics of remote MG. The study results indicate that controlled charging of EVs can substantially improve operation of MG.     

电动汽车充电对住宅小区配电网的影响研究

世界范围内对环境保护的逐步重视以及化石能源的日益枯竭,推动了电动汽车的迅速发展。随着私人电动汽车的推广普及,其充电行为将改变系统原有的负荷特性,从而影响配电网的安全和经济运行。以城市住宅小区为研究对象,根据不同场景用户的充电行为建立小区电动汽车充电功率的蒙特卡洛计算模型,结合典型小区居民原始负荷特性,分析电动汽车充电对小区配电网的影响,并提出有效的需求侧管理策略,用以引导用户充电行为与系统安全可靠、削峰填谷需要的良性互动,使其提高对电网友好性的影响和削弱不良影响。     

A realistic framework to a greener supply chain for electric vehicles

The quantity of electric vehicles in the transport sector has steadily risen over the last 10 years. Most developed countries and China have laid out ambitious plans for electric vehicles penetration. However, there are several challenges that must be addressed on the supply‐chain side of the problem for a successful transition toward an alternative and less environmentally harmful transport system. This study proposes a methodology for the optimal plan and decision making of primary energy sources, electricity generation, electricity distribution to vehicles' charging stations, carbon capture and sequestration, and electric vehicles' charging stations network to satisfy the electricity demand of the overall economy including electric vehicles at a regional/countrywide level under operation and green constraints. The optimization problem was modeled as a mixed integer program in general algebraic modeling system (GAMS). The formulation was employed to propose the upcoming electricity supply chain for electric vehicles in the most populous German state (North Rhine‐Westphalia) in 2025. The optimization show that fossil‐based power still controls the generation in 2025, while carbon capture and sequestration along with higher renewable penetration help meeting the state's greenhouse gases (GHG) emission target. The charging stations network expansion consists of 12 820 charging points mainly alternating current (AC) chargers (22‐kW capacity).     

太阳能低压钠灯一体化控制器的设计

基于PIC16F877单片机与低压钠灯专用控制芯片UCC2305,对低压钠灯电子镇流器与太阳能充放电控制器进行一体化控制设计研究,设计出太阳能低压钠灯一体化控制器,并进行近半年的试验和测试。试验结果表明:在小电流下充电,蓄电池的效率提高;一体化控制器设计方案合理,初步达到设计要求,具有一定推广和使用价值。