基于硬判决的BICM-ID系统的迭代载波相位同步算法

在基于迭代译码的比特交织编码调制(BICM-ID)系统中,提出了一种利用译码产生的硬判决信息作引导的迭代载波相位同步的算法.该算法等效于期望最大化(EM)算法,收敛于最大似然(ML)估计,利用Viterbi译码过程中产生的数据比特硬判决信息,通过迭代地在同步和解码之间交换信息来完成联合解码和载波相位同步,实现了联合解码同步.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.在相偏θ∈[-20°,20°]时,其误码率性能最佳;在迭代次数达到5次时,误码率性能基本接近理想同步性能,较传统的相位同步算法具有更优的性能.随着信噪比的增大,能更快地逼近理想同步性能.     

A joint iterative channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm for OFDM systems over time-varying channels

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中由于信道快时变导致的子载波间干扰(ICI),基于基扩展模型,提出了一种时变信道下OFDM系统联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法.该算法将基于基扩展模型的最小均方误差信道估计算法与一种类似于串行干扰抵消的符号检测方式相结合,并利用插值和滤波过程进一步消除噪声影响,进而通过联合迭代获得较为精确的符号检测结果.同时,利用带状矩阵近似降低算法的计算复杂度,在复杂度与算法性能之间取得比较好的折中.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在快时变信道条件下,这种新的联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法可有效地提高系统性能.     

硬件友好的3GPP-LTE Turbo交织器设计

研究了第三代合作伙伴计划长期演进技术(3GPP-LTE)中的二次置换多项式(QPP)交织器的硬件设计优化,提出了一种零延时、低复杂度的QPP交织器设计方案。该方案从算法层面出发简化了QPP交织器中定义的复杂运算。得益于算法优化的结果,优化后的QPP交织器能够以较低的代价映射到硬件电路上。结果表明:与一些传统方案相比,该方案设计的QPP交织器大大降低了硬件实现的复杂度,在SMIC 40nm工艺下,交织器的面积只有0.040mm~2。另外,所设计的QPP交织器具有零时延的特点,能够有效提高Turbo译码的译码效率。基于该交织器所设计的Turbo译码器能够稳定工作在400MHz下,译码速率达到572.85Mbps(10次半迭代),而译码器面积仅有0.82mm~2。     

V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM系统的一种迭代信道估计方案

研究了频率选择性衰落信道条件下Turbo编码V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM系统的信道估计方法,提出了V-BLAST MIMO-OFDM系统的一种新的迭代信道估计方案。该方案首先利用发送的正交导频序列得到导频处的初始信道估计,然后利用导频符号辅助方法对信道进行内插,得到数据处的初始信道估计,经Turbo迭代纠错译码后,将得到的信息位和校验位软值信息反馈给信道估计器,并利用期望最大化(EM)迭代信道估计方法对信道进行更新。仿真结果表明,随着迭代次数的增加,系统的信道估计性能显著提高。     

一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法

为了克服水声信道的多径衰落,消除码间干扰,获得可靠的数据传输,提出了一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法。该新型算法有两个优点:一是将自适应判决反馈均衡器和迭代译码技术相结合,二是译码采用Turbo译码原理,整个译码系统可以看作是串联迭代译码器,只是其中的内部译码器被编码比特对数似然率(LLR)计算器所取代,有效地降低了运算复杂度。同时,自适应判决反馈均衡器采用了变步长因子算法,改善了均衡器的收敛速度。仿真实验验证了该组合接收算法的性能     

OFDM系统在时变信道下的迭代干扰抵消算法

为克服正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中因时变多径衰落信道破坏子载波的正交性引起载波间干扰(ICI),从而导致系统性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于最小均方误差(MMSE)估计和迭代算法相结合的迭代干扰抵消算法.为了消除一般MMSE均衡方法将载波间干扰当作加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)所带来的误差,该算法先使用MMSE方法对传输信号进行初值估计,再通过迭代干扰抵消和MMSE均衡相结合,来消除由时变信道所带来的载波间干扰.多次仿真表明,在时变多径衰落信道中使用本算法能够有效地消除载波间干扰,使系统性能得到很好的改善.     

基于符号调整的OFDM系统载波间干扰抑制方法

基于组合优化理论,提出了一种通过调整子载波调制符号的正负来抑制正交频分复用(OFDM)系统载波间干扰(ICI)的方法.首先推导出了加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道下的最优符号选择算法,并给出了降低其复杂度的简化算法;然后给出了二进制相移键控(BPSK)调制下减少算法码率损失的改进算法,而且在频率选择性衰落信道下对以上算法进行了推广.仿真结果证实,提出方法的误码率低于基于选择映射的载波间干扰抑制方法.     

符号检测辅助的最大信干噪比干扰对齐算法研究

在K×K用户多输入多输出(MIMO)通信系统中,提出了一种符号检测辅助的最大信干噪比(SDA-MAX-SINR)干扰对齐(IA)算法。首先利用传统最大信干噪比(MAX-SINR)干扰对齐算法检测接收信号,其次直接利用检测的接收信号,基于最大信干噪比准则迭代计算接收端干扰抑制矩阵和发射端预编码矩阵。仿真结果表明,与传统的最大信干噪比干扰对齐算法相比,文中所提出的符号检测辅助的最大信干噪比干扰对齐算法在系统的均方误差(MSE)和误码率(BER)上的性能均有明显的改善。     

放大转发OFDM中继系统的一种叠加导频辅助信道估计和联合数据检测算法

针对源节点和目的节点之间没有直接路径的放大转发(AF)OFDM中继系统,提出了一种利用叠加导频(SP)进行信道估计和联合数据检测的算法.该算法首先将接收信号通过白化滤波器进行信号白化,然后利用SP获得等效信道的信道状态信息(CSI)初始估计值,并联合目的节点上的最大比合并(MRC)接收机,通过判决反馈迭代操作不断改进信...     

基于最大化信干噪比的广播信道干扰消除算法

研究了广播信道分布式干扰消除算法的性能,提出了一种基于动态功率分配的多天线广播干扰信道对齐算法.该算法利用多用户多天线干扰信道相关矩阵的迹来计算分配功率,并采用最大化码流信干噪比的方法来得到预编码矩阵和接收滤波器矩阵.数值仿真表明,该动态功率分配算法与等功率分配算法相比,尽管低负荷下干扰对齐后的平均信干噪比增益不明显,但中、高负荷下其干扰对齐后的平均信干噪比大幅提高,特别是高负荷下可以解决等功率方法存在的信干噪比瓶颈效应.由于低负荷的应用需求并不强烈,因而该算法是一种实用的广播信道干扰消除方法.     

Iterative low-complexity multi-user detection for asynchronous multi-sequence signalling based bit-interleaved coded modulation code division multiple access systems

An uplink direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems employing a multi-sequence model over a quasi-static frequency-selective fading channel is considered. In analogy with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) technique, a group of bits at the output of a bit-wise interleaver is mapped uniquely to a complex signalling vector belonging to an orthogonal plane sequence modulation signal space, which is constructed over a set of expanded signature sequences. This transmission system provides not only bandwidth efficiency offered by additional signal planes but also time diversity resulting from the BICM technique. It is observed that at high system traffic load error performance could degrade substantially due to user cross-correlations, multi-access asynchronism as well as channel frequency selectivity. The authors employ a 'turbo principle' receiver, consisting of a soft interference cancellation scheme, soft demappers and maximum a posteriori decoders, to avert this capacity loss by exploiting the serially concatenating structure at the transmitter. After simple mathematical manipulation, a soft space-time linear minimum mean-square error multi-user detector could even be explored on the basis of per signal plane per user. Both analytical performance-bound and computer simulation of the proposed framework in terms of bit-error rate (BER) are revealed. Further, performance comparisons with convolutionally coded and conventional bandwidth-efficient coded direct sequence code division multiple access systems under the same system conditions are illustrated. The authors have also investigated the impact of labelling maps on the BER performance.     

莱斯信道下大规模MIMO系统混合模数转换器的随机向量量化方案

针对大规模MIMO系统用配置单精度模数转换器(ADC)来降低系统能耗会导致系统损失部分性能的问题,提出了一种莱斯信道下大规模MIMO系统的采用混合ADC的随机向量量化(RVQ)改进方案。该方案在频分双工模式下,首先在基站端采用高分辨率ADC和低分辨率ADC混合的接收方案处理信号,使接收的导频信号和有用信号具有较高的转换精度;系统对导频信号进行信道估计后,再对信道状态信息(CSI)进行RVQ处理,以此减小系统的反馈开销;最后运用最小均方误差(MMSE)信号检测算法减轻由量化误差引起的的用户间干扰,从而达到降低能耗并减小系统性能损失的目的。实验结果表明,这种改进的RVQ方案能在降低系统能耗的基础上有效减小系统容量损失,并使其和速率接近传统的高分辨率ADC接收方案。     

Concatenated coded modulation techniques and orthogonal space-time block codes in the presence of fading channel estimation errors

Performance of coding and modulation systems in fading channels is usually analysed under the assumption that the receiver has perfect knowledge of channel condition. However, various shortcomings in practical channel estimation techniques lead to imperfections, resulting in channel estimation errors. The authors analyse a practical coding and modulation scheme for multiple-antenna systems considering channel estimation errors. The novelty of this study resides in providing error probability bounds for concatenated trellis coded modulation (TCM) or bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) schemes with orthogonal space--time block codes (OSTBC) under imperfect channel estimation assumption. Moreover, our analytical results quantify the performance degradation associated with various levels of channel estimation error variance. The authors also show that if channel estimation quality does not improve sufficiently with SNR, there would be error floor in performance, such that the coded system could get outperformed by a system with differential signalling that requires no channel estimation. Simulation results are presented, which confirm the validity of the analytical results.     

Improved Hybrid Beamforming for mmWave Multi-User Massive MIMO

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has become essential for the increase of capacity as the millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is considered. Also, hybrid beamforming systems have been studied since full-digital beamforming is impractical due to high cost and power consumption of the radio frequency (RF) chains. This paper proposes a hybrid beamforming scheme to improve the spectral efficiency for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. In a frequency selective fading environment, hybrid beamforming schemes suffer from performance degradation since the analog precoder performs the same precoding for all subcarriers. To mitigate performance degradation, this paper uses the average channel covariance matrix for all subcarriers and considers an iterative algorithm to design analog precoder using approximation techniques. The analog precoder is iteratively updated for each column until it converges. The proposed scheme can reduce errors in the approximating process of the overall spectral efficiency. This scheme can be applied to fully-connected and partially-connected structures. The simulation results show that spectral efficiency performance for the proposed scheme is better than the conventional schemes. The proposed scheme can achieve similar performance with full-digital beamforming by using a sufficiently large number of RF chains. Also, this paper shows that the proposed scheme outperforms other schemes in the frequency selective fading environment. This performance improvement can be achieved in both structures.     

Performance of a QAM/FSO communication system employing spatial diversity in weak and saturation turbulence channels

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance and outage probability of quadrature amplitude modulation free space optical (QAM/FSO) communications with spatial diversity in turbulent environments are investigated. The equal-gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SelC) diversity techniques are considered to mitigate turbulence-induced signal fading in the proposed system. The average BER and outage probability expressions are derived for EGC diversity in weak and saturation turbulence channels. The results indicate that using EGC diversity can significantly improve the system performance compared to employing the SelC diversity or single monolithic aperture schemes. Specifically, approximately 4 and 9?dB lower signal-to-noise power ratios are required for the 1?×?4 EGC diversity system than for the 1?×?4 SelC and non-diversity systems at a BER of 10^?10. In addition, the use of diversity techniques also significantly decreases the outage probability. The proposed scheme can be helpful for establishing a spatial diversity FSO system with a low error rate and high transmission rate.     

Multiplexed harmonic broadcasting scheme for efficient video-on-demand services

Periodic broadcasting schemes can improve the efficiency of video-on-demand (VOD) services by reducing the bandwidth requirement to transmit popular videos. The harmonic broadcasting scheme has the best performance in reducing service bandwidth under a given access time, but it uses too many channels. However, a multiplexed harmonic broadcasting scheme that overcomes this drawback is now proposed. This scheme divides each video into equal-sized segments and then broadcasts segments periodically in a small number of sever channels with equal bandwidth. The idea of segment-to-channel mapping in the scheme is inspired by the time division multiplexing system. Each segment is divided equally into several subsegments; subsegments of different segments are multiplexed in a slot with the guarantee of being able to keep playing out continuously for every user. The proposed scheme outperforms the pagoda broadcasting and recursive frequency splitting schemes in reducing the viewers' maximum waiting time, and the scheme requires less client storage     

一种基于Gold码的分布式MIMO-CDMA系统的下行同步方案

针对下一代通信系统核心点之一的分布式MIMO架构,提出了一种新型双级地址码分配方案及相应同步过程.此方案以现有CDMA同步技术为基础,可以实现从现有集中式单天线向分布式多天线的平滑过渡;同时针对基站下多天线阵分布布局,采用双级地址码结构实现对基站和基站下各天线的逐级同步.以一对优选PN码为基础设计分配基站地址和基站下各天线阵地址,同时具备低实现复杂度和高同步速率.基于PN码部分相关性的固定相关码长FFS算法仿真表明,此新型同步方案能够实现分布式MIMO的高效同步检测.     

Telemetry applied to strain gauging

An insight into strain gauge telemetry techniques explaining why telemetry can offer interesting advantages over conventional strain gauge systems. The difference between a.c. strain gauge measurements and analogue to digital conversion followed by a.c. transmission is discussed together with the importance of a.c. transmission in the avoidance of drifts and parasitic effects applicable to d.c. systems.
A comparison between frequency modulation (FM) and time or pulse duration modulation (PDM) explains why PDM can offer significant advantages.     

基于Am/Fm半色调的混合加网算法研究

分析最新的数字加网技术,对混合加网的算法进行了改进.首先根据图像阶调变化快慢对待加网图像进行区域分割,对阶调变化平缓的区域采用点聚集态抖动加网,对阶调变化剧烈及细微的层次采用AM/FM半色调方法.利用了调幅、调频加网各自的优势,改善了调幅与调频半色调之间的过渡,实现了在较低分辨率的设备上得出高精度的输出图像.