H13芯棒的新型热处理设备

H13芯棒新型热处理设备将对开钟罩式电阻加热炉与专用的淬火起重机及夹吊具有机地结合在一起,为长轴类工件的淬火提供了一种全新的装置。介绍了从热处理炉密封与功率匹配方面入手,解决了大型热处理炉的温度均匀性问题;从工件装出料方式及PLC控制系统方面入手,确保了长轴类工件在卧式加热淬火过程中实现自动控制及变形量最小,从而提高了芯棒的热处理质量。     

40Cr钢长轴真空淬火减小畸变的实践

<正>40Cr钢是最常用的中碳合金结构钢,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及淬透性均比40钢高,经过适当的热处理以后可获得一定的韧性、塑性和耐磨性,广泛应用于轴、曲轴、齿轮等零件[1-3]。40Cr钢长轴件淬火后易产生轴径方向的畸变,如径向跳动,如畸变过大就会直接导致产品不合格。所以控制40Cr钢长轴的淬火畸变就显得尤其重要,本文通过对40Cr钢长轴进行真空淬火试验,以期找出控制40Cr钢长轴淬火畸变的最佳工     

20Cr2Ni4A钢制内环工艺改进

针对液力变矩器的20Cr2Ni4A钢制内环经渗碳淬火后圆盖板翘曲度过大导致无法满足机加工要求这一问题,采用有限元方法模拟了装炉方式和在圆盖板上下端增加机加余量对内环渗碳淬火过程的应力场和变形场的影响,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,装炉方式和增加机加工余量对内环渗碳淬火过程应力场和变形场的影响很大,采用4种装炉方式进行淬火后内环的最大变形量按从大到小依次为长轴竖放、短轴竖放、吊放、横放。采用吊放装炉能使?215 mm薄壁处平面翘曲变形有效减小至0.29 mm,横放装炉翘曲度能控制到0.21 mm。当圆盖板上端机加工余量增厚至11 mm时,翘曲度能控制到0.19 mm。综合生产效率和成本,宜选用横放装炉生产。     

激光淬火在牙嵌电磁离合器热处理技术上的新突破

天津机床电器总厂是生产电磁离合器的专业化生产厂家，热处理工艺是电磁离合器制造过程中的关键工艺之一。长期以来。该工艺对淬火零部件存在着生产效率低，变形量大，废品率高，能耗多，质量不稳定等问题。经过多年的探索、试验、研究．我厂已正式将激光淬火新工艺应用于电磁离合器主要零部件的生产。经实际生产证明．采用激光淬火工艺提高了生产效率，加工零件变形量小；产品质量优良，性能稳定，解决了我厂热处理工艺长期存在的质量问题，收到了明显的技术经济效益。尤其是进入95年以来，我厂成功地将激光淬火工艺引入牙嵌电磁离合器的齿…     

65Mn钢圆锯片基体的热处理

６５Ｍｎ钢φ１６００ｍｍ圆锯片基体的淬火变形是影响产品质量和成品率的关键。研究发现，原材料的带状组织和淬火工艺的不合理是造成锯片基体淬火变形的两个主要原因。通过增加正火，控制淬火参数，改变淬火方法，达到了减少热处理变形的目的。     

压力机曲轴表面数控激光网格淬火的实现

介绍了用作者研制的数控激光淬火机床对压力机上曲轴表面进行网格状激光淬火的数控工艺装备，控制程序设计原理。     

齿轮激光淬火研究进展

综述了齿轮激光淬火加工理论及方法的研究进展,分析了淬火硬化层形成机理以及与传统齿轮淬火硬化层形成机理的差异。通过对激光淬火加工的扫描方式、偏置量、扫描速度、入射角以及辅助冷却方式等工艺的分析,提出了相应的优化方案。对激光淬火和常规淬火后齿面的硬度、耐磨性、变形量、金相组织以及晶粒形状和分布进行了分析,认为齿轮激光淬火比常规淬火具备更优的机械性能。     

淬火对TC4钛合金激光焊接头超塑性变形行为的影响

采用光学显微镜和MTS810拉伸试验机等分析了不同工艺淬火后TC4钛合金激光焊接接头的超塑性变形行为和显微组织,研究了淬火对TC4钛合金激光焊接接头超塑性变形的影响。结果表明:淬火能够提高激光焊接接头的超塑性变形均匀性,且随着淬火温度的升高,激光焊接头超塑性变形均匀性提高;采用接头超塑性变形后焊缝与母材的截面收缩率之比K来表征接头变形后的均匀性,当淬火温度为1000℃,在变形温度940℃及应变速率10~(-4)s~(-1)下进行超塑性变形时,接头变形均匀性达到最大,此时K=0.9。     

淬火对TC4钛合金激光焊接头超塑性变形行为的影响北大核心CSCD

采用光学显微镜和MTS810拉伸试验机等分析了不同工艺淬火后TC4钛合金激光焊接接头的超塑性变形行为和显微组织,研究了淬火对TC4钛合金激光焊接接头超塑性变形的影响。结果表明:淬火能够提高激光焊接接头的超塑性变形均匀性,且随着淬火温度的升高,激光焊接头超塑性变形均匀性提高;采用接头超塑性变形后焊缝与母材的截面收缩率之比K来表征接头变形后的均匀性,当淬火温度为1000℃,在变形温度940℃及应变速率10^(-4)s^(-1)下进行超塑性变形时,接头变形均匀性达到最大,此时K=0.9。     

激光淬火连续编程加工方法研究

对翼子板凸模、侧围凹模、发罩内板凹模等模具的激光淬火加工效率和加工过程中工件温度变化,以及工件冷却后变形量进行了深入研究。利用软件编程的高精度、高效率及灵活可控的优势,依托机床精准的伺服驱动系统充分发挥淬火设备智能化的功率及温控系统,取消旧的淬火编程工艺,采用新的编程方式实现激光淬火单光斑程序连续加工,提高激光淬火加工效率,改善工件变形量,降低劳动者（劳动）强度,缩短模具淬火周期。     

易变形件的激光相变强化

用激光相变硬化工艺处理了两批易变形工件，成品合格率为９５％－１００％。经激光处理后的工件用万能工具显微镜进行分析，建立起细长工件进行激光扫描后弯曲弯形的一种数学模型，并且探讨了工件沿轴向激光扫描后的变形趋势及其变化。     

薄壁零件的感应淬火技术研究

LF80-90拖拉机主离合器轴材料为35CrMo钢,是空心花键轴,壁较薄,仅为3.16～3.65 mm,要求表面硬化处理。由于壁薄,采用中频感应淬火时极易淬透,导致变形超差。采用改进的向轴内腔通入循环冷却水的淬火方法,问题得到了解决。     

齿轮轴激光熔覆轴变形的分析与控制

建立齿轮轴齿面激光熔覆过程中的应力场数值计算模型,利用有限元计算分析软件ANSYS对激光熔覆过程中齿轮轴的径向变形量进行了数值分析。计算结果表明,在采取顺序熔覆的工艺条件下,齿轮轴的径向变形将无法避免,且变形量随着扫描次数的增加而加剧,若无其他控制形变的措施,则必然导致其形变超出允许范围。采取对称熔覆工艺,可对轴的径向变形产生一定的补偿和抵消效果,有益于控制齿轮轴形变。对采用两种熔覆工艺后的轴径向变形分别进行了试验和测量。试验结果表明,采取对称熔覆工艺后,其径向跳动量小于顺序熔覆工艺条件下的1/3,计算分析与试验结果吻合,说明该工艺具有较好的控制齿轮轴形变的作用,可以推广应用于其他轴类零部件的激光熔覆修复工作。     

基于正交试验的端帽激光淬火工艺研究

对自动流量平衡阀过流端帽的表面进行激光淬火研究,利用正交试验对影响激光淬火的因素进行了研究,得出激光淬火的最佳参数以及脉冲电流、扫描速度和离焦量对激光表面硬度和淬硬层深度的影响规律.试验结果表明,只要工艺参数选择适当,可获得很好的表面淬火质量,为激光加工提供了理论指导.     

Challenges to Introduce Advanced Cooling Technology by the Utilization of Plural Cooling Velocity

The control of cooling power is very important to introduce desired properties. Usually, higher the cooling rate higher the quench hardness and distortion and the optimization of cooling power is the base for good heat treatment. The change of cooling speed during quenching is one of the effective methods to balance hardness and distortion. Different form the general knowledge of the demerit of vapor blanket stage, oil with long vapor blanket stage is also one of effective methods to reduce distortion. The reduction of distortion with enough quench hardness seems to be possible by optimization of cooling condition by the help of computer simulation. The exhibition of higher core hardness than surface in through hardening steels experienced in the “Inverse quench hardening” was introduced by Prof. Tamura and Shimizu. This mechanism is well explained by Arimoto et al, by analysis of computer simulation. In this paper, plural steps cooling methods are compared, in relation with cooling curve and heat transfer coefficient that is necessary to simulate quench results and the possibility of advanced cooling technology is discussed.     

气缸套的高频感应加热淬火畸变

气缸套材料为合金铸铁,其内表面要求淬硬以提高耐磨性。采用高频感应淬火可使气缸套获得必要的表面硬度、淬硬层深度和显微组织,但畸变量较大。试验表明,对气缸套进行去应力退火,合理设计感应器,优化感应淬火的各项工艺参数,可使气缸套的淬火畸变量控制在要求范围内。     

Parameter Optimization Study on Control of Distortion in Bright Bar Used In Rack Application Subjected To Induction Heat Treatment

The engineering properties of metals and alloys are related to their structures. The change in mechanical properties of the metals and alloys can be achieved by the process of heat treatment. Induction hardening is one such a process involves phase transformation by rapid heating and cooling of the outer surface. Induction hardening improves the outer surface hardness and wear resistant properties keeping the original toughness and ductility in the inner core. However past experiences shows that during heat treatment, parts have undergone dimensional changes due to thermal fluctuations and phase transformations. Dimensional changes can lead to excessive distortion in the component which always presented difficulties to the uses of many varieties of steels which can be hardened by induction hardening. The dimensional changes in components which have been induction hardened have for a long time proved costly and troublesome to manufacturers.These difficulties apply particularly in the automotive industry where the amount of distortion in rack and pinion assembly has been related to their noise level in operation and investigators have suggested a link between distortion and the initiation of fatigue failure. [1] Although the complete elimination of distortion would be an ideal aim, manufacturers are reconciled to the fact that a certain amount of distortion is an inherent part of the hardening process. However, if the amount of distortion is uniform and predictable, an allowance could be made in the initial machining operations. It was with these aims that investigations into the control of distortion in bright bar (EN 18D steel) used in rack application (Power steering assembly) have been carded out by parameter optimization study.     

45钢轴的疲劳断裂分析

45钢轴在台架试验过程中发生断裂,对失效件进行外观观察、断口宏微观观察,结合零件在试验过程中的受力状况,判断该轴属扭转疲劳断裂,断裂位于沟槽处,该部位存在应力集中效应,且表面未经强化处理,并对轴的最大切应力和疲劳寿命的安全系数进行计算。结果表明:轴的疲劳开裂与沟槽导致的应力集中系数提高以及表面未经强化有关,随着循环载荷的作用,裂纹不断扩展直至断裂。     

Combination of coating and heat treatment processes

For a proper use of coated tools and components excellent coating properties as well as excellent substrate properties of the coating/substrate composite are necessary. A well known example is the load support of hard steel substrates for thin wear resistant coatings. Therefore coating processes must be combined with heat treatment processes of the substrates, whereby several practical processing constraints like order and compatibility of the applied treatment procedures must be considered. The combination of CVD-coating plus laser beam hardening is an example of a post coating heat treatment. Applications may be possible for large forming tools made of high alloyed tool steels, which nowadays are usually through hardened after CVD-coating. Laser beam hardening offers the possibility, to harden only the highly loaded edges of the tools. The advantages of this combination are short process time, less distortion and compressive residual stresses in the substrate surface. CVD-coatings can endure laser beam hardening with suitable parameters. The influence of CVD TiN-coated steel substrates and laser beam hardening parameters on microstructures and properties of coating/substrate compounds have been investigated. Special attention was paid to overlapping hardening zones, which may occur at the start and end points of a laser hardened track. In summary, the combination of coating and heat treatment processes show a high potential to produce coating/substrate compounds with excellent coating properties as well as excellent substrate properties.     

The Bauschinger effect in the supercooled austenite of SAE 52100 steel

During the heat treatment and the welding of steel components, the interactions between the thermal and phase transformation strains result in cyclic loading of the component, which often results in plastic deformation. Although this has long been a well-known fact, the cyclic hardening behavior of supercooled austenite was not investigated up to now. In this study, tension–compression tests were performed on the supercooled austenite of SAE 52100 ball bearing steel at several temperatures using Gleeble3500® thermomechanical testing machine. The results were compared with conventional hardening models used in heat treatment and welding simulation. The results indicate that the metastable austenite exhibits a complicated cyclic hardening behavior that can only be partially reproduced by commercial simulation software. In the outlook, it is concluded that more complicated cyclic hardening models should be implemented for better prediction of distortion and residual stresses after heat treatment or welding.