基于制造业转型的机械“数控化”发展探讨

本文主要分析了我国目前数控机械产品的研发的状况;并且有针对性的提出了关于我国数控机械产品的开发的方向和研制的路线和技术问题;提出了具体的对数控机械设备的进行开发的内容和策略;并且提出了在引进国外先进的技术的数控技术的同时,用该开发出具有我国特色的数控机械的产品,并且指明了数控机械产品的发展的大方向;并提出了我国数控机械产品的售后服务的模式。本文主要是针对数控土木机械的发展方向进行讨论的。     

世界能源现状与内燃机的发展机遇

随着时代的进步和高速的发展,各国的能源问题也被逐渐的提上日程。本文就世界能源的现状还有内燃机的发展进行相应的论述,提出相应的看法和亟待解决的措施。对中国的能源发展提出相应的看法,希望能走出一个适合中国国情的一条特色的道路。     

试析加强计量质量检验检测工作的有效路径

在现在的发展中,各项工作都需要在先进的科学技术的支持下更好的开展相关的工作计量质量检验检测工作的进行对我们的工作有很大的帮助,面向未来,就要求我们在先进的技术的指导下更好的开展相关的工作。我们自身的发展还不够完善,根据实际的发展需求不断地做好相关的工作,这样才能达到更高的发展水平,随着现代化进程的加快,我们就更需要做好自己的工作,达到发展的目标。     

面向工程的优化算法性能实验研究

针对10种工程常用的优化算法进行实验研究,选取12个优化算法Benchmark测试函数进行算法评价,包括连续的和不连续的、凸的和非凸的、单峰的和多峰的、二次的和非二次的、低维的和高维的、有约束的和无约束的测试函数。对实验结果进行分析,从解空间的角度对算法的特性进行分析总结,给出了算法选取的准则。     

关于锅炉检验与能耗的认识及再思考

锅炉在工业生产还有日常生活中有着重要的作用,现阶段我国的锅炉的使用的效率,还有非常大的改进空间。因此对于锅炉进行检验还有对于锅炉的能量的消耗进行分析对于提高锅炉的使用的效率热能产生的效率的提升都有重要的作用。     

超声振动辅助钻削钛合金的机理和工艺研究

随着时代的发展,经济的增长,社会的进步,我国的综合国力逐渐提高,科学技术不断的改良、创新、进步,而这些改变随之而来的是我国的工业发展越来越迅速,以往的封建的旧的思想以及旧的技术、产品已近满足不了这个时代的需求,人们的生活水平不断提高,对于新兴的产品以及技术的需求越来越高,超声振动辅助钻削钛合金技术的发展就是其中之一。     

微型汽车发动机尾气污染排放的模拟分析

随着科技的进步,人们的出行方式产生了巨大的变化,汽车的普及在给人们的出行提供前所未有的便捷的同时,其产生的污染也是十分严重的,汽车发动机所造成的污染问题不仅减低了环境质量,同时对人们的身体健康也造成了威胁。基于此,本文针对机动车中的微型汽车进行相应的发动机尾气污染排放的研究,指出污染物的危害,并针对性的提出相应的治理措施。     

虚拟轴机床伺服系统的模糊滑模自适应控制

提出了一种将模糊控制、滑模控制与自适应控制三者有机的整合的模糊滑模自适应控制的算法,并以虚拟轴机床的单通道的阀控非对称液压缸作为研究的对象。仿真实验表明,该算法可以使得系统输出渐进地收敛于参考的输入信号,且可以很快地对变化的信号进行有效地跟踪,对参数的摄动与有界的干扰具有不变性。提出的方法与传统的PID控制比较,更加的适用于较强的干扰的复杂系统、高阶的非线性,将方法应用于虚拟轴机床的液压的控制系统可以获得较高的控制精度、较好的机床动态性能与较小的稳态误差。     

玉米高产栽培技术推广中的问题与措施研究

从古至今,我国的农业取得很大的发展,已基本实现自动化,作为其中最重要的经济作物之一的玉米,在其中的地位非常重要。玉米在一定程度上不但为我国的经济发展做出了相应的贡献,另外在人们的日常饮食以及生产当中的作用也十分巨大,因此将玉米高产栽培技术的推广工作做好具有非常深远的意义。然而通过对广大玉米产地进行的实际调查研究发现,在具体的推广高产栽培技术的的时候,依然有许多问题对提高玉米的生产效益造成了很大的困扰。下面我们就将对此进行简单的分析,并有针对性的提出相应的解决措施,希望能够对我国农业的发展起到借鉴和参考的作用。     

张拉机全自动控制系统设计

预应力混凝土管桩的生产过程,其中预应力是对管桩抗弯性能的一个最重要的参数,预应力的施加是由一台张拉机的设备来控制,以前采用传统的标尺来控制管桩长度的拉伸量,员工观看标尺刻度到达规定的标准值时,人手控制停止的方式来决定一条管桩的预应力,这样对操作员工的要求较高(不同管桩的长度的拉伸值要相应的改变),控制产品的精度差,产品的质量得不到保证。针对生产现场的实际情况,合理设计张拉机的全自动控制系统,对员工操作的要求降低,全自动控制系统精度得到保证,从而保证产品质量的稳定,提高公司的生产效益。     

共融机器人重大研究计划研究进展

“共融机器人基础理论与关键技术研究”重大研究计划,聚焦“刚-柔-软机构的行为顺应与可控性”、“人-机-环境多模态感知与自然交互”以及“机器人群体智能与操作系统架构”三个科学问题,主要面向智能制造、医疗康复、国防安全和学科前沿四个重点方向,实施四年来取得了长足进展,构建机器人与人、机器人与环境、机器人与机器人交互的共融机器人研究体系,推动了工业机器人、服务机器人和特种机器人领域的理论和技术发展,相关科研成果为我国高端制造、康复医疗、国防安全等国家重大需求提供了坚实的理论和技术支撑。对在该重大研究计划支持下所取得的有关共融机器人的主要研究进展进行概述,内容涵盖“与环境共融的加工制造机器人”、“与人共融的康复辅助机器人”、“机器人间共融的群体智能与操作系统”以及“共融机器人前沿：新方法、新原理和新概念”,以此给出后续的重点研究方向和建议。     

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies was comparable to that reported with current standard methods. Major sources of variability for semiautomated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.     

Ashless antioxidants,copper deactivators and corrosion inhibitors: Their use in lubricating oils

This paper reviews the use of copper deactivators and iron corrosion inhibitors in lubricating oils. The auto-oxidation process is described in terms of initiation and chain propagation, branching and termination, and the primary and secondary oxidation inhibitors are described. Copper deactivators and corrosion inhibitors nature and action are discussed, and the paper also examines the applications for these additives.     

NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY TECHNOLOGY WITH AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is recognized as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation lithography (NGL) to obtain sub-100 nm patterns because of its simplicity, high-throughput and low-cost. While substantial effort has been expending on NIL for producing smaller and smaller feature sizes, considerably less effort has been devoted to the equally important issue—alignment between template and substrate. A homemade prototype nanoimprint lithography tool with a high precision automatic alignment system based on Moiré signals is presented. Coarse and fine pitch gratings are adopted to produce Moiré signals to control macro and micro actuators and enable the substrate to move towards the desired position automatically. Linear motors with 300 mm travel range and 1 μm step resolution are used as macro actuators, and piezoelectric translators with 50 μm travel range and 1 nm step resolution are used as micro actuators. In addition, the prototype provides one translation (z displacement) and two tilting motion(α and β ) to automatically bring uniform intact contact between the template and substrate surfaces by using a flexure stage. As a result, 10 μm coarse alignment accuracy and 20 nm fine alignment accuracy can be achieved. Finally, some results of nanostructures and micro devices such as nanoscale trenches and holes, gratings and microlens array fabricated using the prototype tool are presented, and hot embossing lithography, one typical NIL technology, are depicted by taking nanoscale gratings fabrication as an example.     

MODELING METHOD FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MAPPING BASED ON REVERSE SOLVING OF LOCUS AND MOTION

Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.     

BODY PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING HUMAN MACHINE CONTACT INTERFACE

Aiming at the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface in automo- bile driving and based on physiological and anatomical principle,the physiological and biochemical process of muscles and nerves in the formation and development of fatigue is analyzed systematically. The fatigue-causing physiological characteristic indexes are mapped to biomechanical indexes like muscle stress-strain,the compression deformation of blood vessels and nerves etc.from the perspec- tive of formation mechanism.The geometrical model of skeleton and parenchyma is established by applying CT-scanned body data and MRI images.The general rule of comfort body pressm'e distribu- tion is acquired through the analysis of anatomical structure of buttocks and femoral region.The comprehensive test platform for sitting comfort of 3D adjustable contact interface is constructed.The test of body pressure distribution of human-machine contact interface and its comparison with subjec- tire evaluation indicates that the biomechanical indexes of automobile driving human-machine con- tact interface and body pressure distribution rule studied can effectively evaluate the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface and provide theoretical basis for the optimal de- sign of human-machine contact interface.     

机电一体化技术的现状和发展趋势

机电一体化是随着生产和技术的发展,在以机械、电子技术为主的多门技术学科相互渗透、相互结合过程中逐渐形成和发展起来的一门新兴边缘技术学科。微电子高新技术和计算机技术的迅猛发展,使工业自动化的程度大幅度提高。新的机电设备和产品将机械、电子、计算机和自动控制技术有机地结合在一起,将大幅度地提高产品的性能、质量和可靠性;提高制造技术水平,实现生产方式向柔性方向发展。目前机电一体化技术正日益得到普遍重视和广泛应用,已成为现代技术和经济发展中不可缺少的一种高新技术。由于机电一体化技术的应用而生产出来的机电一体化产品,已经渗透到了国民经济和日常生活的各个领域。主要简述机电一体化的发展背景,综合国内外现状,分析机电一体化技术的发展趋势。     

高密度封装电子设备先进热管理技术发展现状

随着基础器件材料、加工工艺以及系统集成的巨大进步,军用电子系统尺寸越来越小,功率越来越大,导致热密度不断攀升,对冷却技术的要求越来越高.为提高军事电子系统的性能和可靠性,减小其体积、重量和功耗,美国国防预先研究计划局(DARPA)积极将微电子、纳米、微流体等先进技术应用在军事电子装备的热控中,试图打破制约装备发展的热瓶颈.文中分芯片、模块和设备3个层级概述了热管理技术途径,阐述了DARPA热管理计划及其包含的具体项目,根据最新开展的芯片内/芯片间增强冷却(ICECool)项目,指出了热控技术的发展方向.     

结构特异N-糖蛋白质组学研究进展

N-连接糖基化修饰是蛋白质上常见的翻译后修饰,发生在特征氨基酸序列N-X-T/S/C(X≠P)中的天冬酰胺上.N-连接糖具有五糖核心结构,包括高甘露糖型、杂合型和复杂型等3种主要类型.N-糖基化在修饰位点上具有微观和宏观不均一性,其功能与修饰位点和N-连接糖结构对应.对蛋白质N-糖基化位点和结构特异性的精准鉴定和定量,...     

Ion mobility mass spectrometry in the omics era: Challenges and opportunities for metabolomics and lipidomics

Researchers worldwide are taking advantage of novel, commercially available, technologies, such as ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), for metabolomics and lipidomics applications in a variety of fields including life, biomedical, and food sciences. IM-MS provides three main technical advantages over traditional LC-MS workflows. Firstly, in addition to mass, IM-MS allows collision cross-section values to be measured for metabolites and lipids, a physicochemical identifier related to the chemical shape of an analyte that increases the confidence of identification. Second, IM-MS increases peak capacity and the signal-to-noise, improving fingerprinting as well as quantification, and better defining the spatial localization of metabolites and lipids in biological and food samples. Third, IM-MS can be coupled with various fragmentation modes, adding new tools to improve structural characterization and molecular annotation. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in IM-MS technologies and approaches utilized to support metabolomics and lipidomics applications and we assess the challenges and opportunities in this growing field.