中冶集团成功研制国内首个新标准隔离仓

正中冶集团充分发挥科技创新在疫情防控中的支撑作用,快速牵头组织制定《应急医用模块化隔离单元通用技术要求》国家标准,快速推进标准产品化应用。今年4月获批发布国家标准《应急医用模块化隔离单元通用技术要求》后,8月10日,中冶天工便完成了新一代医用模块化隔离单元产品样箱试制工作,该样品箱是国内首个按照新颁布国家标准制造的隔离单元,为全球公共卫生事业和应急疫情防控提供了新的解决方案,发扬了"一天也不耽误、一天也不懈怠"的中冶精神,彰显了致力创新、奉献社会的央企责任。     

发展我国地下无轨设备有效途径的探讨

本文运用部件通用化和整机模块化的设计方法，在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上，分析、综合我国地下无轨设备使用、制造方面的现状及趋势，以期寻求一条适合我国国情，并能以产品结构、生产组织、技术分工的最优组合，最快速度和最佳质量来发展我国地下无轨设备的途径。     

快速热处理超细贝氏体钢构筑梯度结构研究

心部高韧性、表面高硬度的材料是抗冲击载荷轴承、齿轮等关键零部件的重要要求。以超细贝氏体为对象，进行局部快速热处理，得到局部高硬度、心部高韧性的梯度结构，研究快速热处理过程中超细贝氏体组织的相变行为，以及梯度组织和性能变化规律。结果表明，超细贝氏体钢在加热时，残余奥氏体分解为铁素体和碳化物，贝氏体铁素体粗化，在快速热处理中存在相变滞后。超细贝氏体钢经过局部快速热处理后形成一个组织和性能梯度过渡的结构。硬化区组织由淬火得到的马氏体和残余奥氏体组成，随着深度增加，组织中的马氏体含量减少，初始超细贝氏体的回火产物逐渐增加。硬化区的硬度高达63HRC,随着深度增加逐渐降低至38HRC,硬度相对基体下降约6HRC。     

带式输送机功率计算程序的开发

论述了带式输送机功率计算的C语言实现方式和实现过程，程度采用模块化设计，结构清晰，运行速度快，为今后带式输送机选型设计软件的编制建立了基础。     

ReSim:一个面向可重构处理器的仿真平台

针对可重构处理器ReMAP(reconfigurable multimedia array processor)面向视频高清编解码提出的灵活互联、计算资源密集、易于扩展的结构优化需求,提出了一个基于模块化分层设计、时钟周期精确的可重构处理器仿真平台ReSim.该仿真器基于3级软件框架层次搭建,设计了可快速仿真多种互联结构的互联模块、多种计算模型的控制模块等模块化功能单元,结合时钟驱动模块对全局系统结构的运行驱动,可快速搭建可重构处理器的目标仿真模型,验证其正确性和有效性,精确评估计算性能,具有可视化、易于调试的特点.经实际测试表明,ReSim对可重构处理器ReMAP-2架构的系统评估与验证予以良好的支持.     

快速凝固T15高速钢粉末及其材料的研究

本文研究了快速凝固T15高速钢粉末的凝固特征,以及由其所制备的材料的组织、结构和性能。结果表明:快速凝固能够改善高速钢的组织结构,并提高其某些机械性能,尤其是冲击韧性。     

温压烧结粉末锌铝合金的组织结构与性能研究

研究了用快速凝固技术和温压烧结技术制备的块状粉末锌铝合金的组织结构及其性能。采用金相显微镜、SEM（附EDS）、X—Ray衍射和DSC热分析仪以及维氏硬度仪，研究了材料的组织形貌和力学性能，并测定了合金的密度。通过研究，首次得到具有良好塑性和结构均匀性的锌铝合金，其硬度比传统锌铝合金有较大提高，密度也比后者有16％的降低，而且硬度和密度的离散性都很小。     

快速凝固Al-Ti-La合金中化合物相的形成机制

利用TEM、XRD等手段详细研究了快速凝固Al-Ti-La合金中的化合物相的组织结构，并对比高温退火后的组织结构，分析了化合物相的高温稳定性能，提出了化合物相的孪晶形核理论，作为化合物相形成理论的重要补充。快速凝固Al-Ti-La合金所形成细小、圆整、弥散的金属间化合物相，经分析为Al20Ti2(RE)，金刚石立方结构，具有良好热稳定性，该化合物相形成孪晶，孪晶面为{111}，孪晶方向为[112]，化合物相是以孪晶为晶核从熔体中优先其他化合物相形成并生长。     

环保模块化管理模式的建立与实施

公司在用大气污染防治设施200多台套,废水治理设施32台套,各类隔声罩、消声器144台套。为提高环保管理效率,最大限度地发挥环保设备设施效率,及时准确发现问题,实现快速整改,近年来借助环保信息化平台,完成了环保模块化管理模式的建立和实施。本文阐述了环保模块化管理模式的建立和实施过程。     

钢的热处理过程的技术改进

钢作为一种结构材料的重要合金在工业生产中有着很重要的作用。通过热处理方式改变钢的微观组织结构可以提高钢的性能。例如，奥氏体快速冷却会得到马氏体，而奥氏体慢速冷却时则会得到珠光体，因此，钢的微观结构和力学性能都是与它的热处理密切相关的。本文主要研究了在热处理过程中加电压对于钢的性能的影响。     

Compartmentation of the granular layer of the cerebellum

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the cerebellum is highly compartmentalized. In most cases, compartmentation involves the Purkinje cells and the molecular layer, but there is also substantial evidence that the granular layer is subdivided into a large number of highly reproducible modules. We first review the evidence for a modular granular layer. Compartmentation of the granular layer has been revealed both functionally and structurally. First, tactile receptive field mapping has revealed numerous discrete functional modules within the granular layer. The molecular correlates of the receptive fields may be the compartments revealed by histological staining of the cerebellum for several enzymes and antigens. The structural substrate of the receptive fields is the mossy fiber afferent projection map, and anterograde tracing of various mossy fiber projections shows afferent terminals in parasagittal bands within the granular layer that are topographically aligned with the Purkinje cell compartments. Based on this evidence we argue that the cerebellum consists of many hundreds of reproducible structural/functional modules, and that a modular organization is a prerequisite for the efficient parallel processing of information during motor control. The complex organization of the adult granular layer implies elaborate developmental mechanisms. In the second part of the review we consider five developmental models to generate the modular organization of the adult granular layer: 1) the external granular layer is heterogeneous, and its topography translates directly into a modular granular layer; 2) granular layer modules are clones, derived from single external granular layer precursors; 3) modules in the granular layers are a secondary epigenetic response to the compartmentation of the Purkinje cells; 4) modules are secondary to the compartmentation of the afferent terminal fields; 5) modules are sculpted by activity-dependent processes.     

Transient CD15 expression reflects stages of differentiation and maturation in the human subcortical central auditory pathway

The expression of the terminal saccharide determinant CD15 (3[a1-3]-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine) was evaluated in the central auditory system of the human developing brain by using monoclonal antibodies against this epitope. CD15 immunoreactivity was first observed in the ventral cochlear nucleus at 10 weeks of gestation, whereas the dorsal cochlear nucleus became positive from 13 weeks of gestation. In both nuclei, the intensity of immunoreactivity increased until 16 weeks of gestation and lasted until 25 weeks of gestation. In the inferior colliculi, CD15 was poorly expressed in the central nucleus from 13 to 23 weeks of gestation and later with moderate levels until birth. Within the medial geniculate nucleus, a biphasic pattern of expression was observed with peaks around 14-17 and 21-24 weeks of gestation. Heterogeneous expression in the medial geniculate nucleus, which was associated either with neurons or the neuropil, allowed distinction of subnuclei. In many of the auditory pathway structures (e.g., ventral cochlear nucleus and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus), a heterogeneous pattern of CD15 expression in the form of repeating parallel bands, possibly related to tonotopic organization, became transiently apparent around 23 weeks of gestation, whereas in the magnocellular part of the medial geniculate nucleus, a striking modular or compartmental arrangement of immunoreactive structures (which could also be associated with tonotopic organization) was also noted at about 23 weeks of gestation. We propose that the initiation of CD15 expression in each nucleus heralds the appearance of functional contacts and that high levels of neuropil labeling are related to the formation of nonstabilized synaptic contacts. Thus, transient CD15 expression in the central auditory system is possibly correlated with phases of functional plasticity in this pathway.     

Modular organization of occipito-temporal pathways: cortical connections between visual area 4 and visual area 2 and posterior inferotemporal ventral area in macaque monkeys

The modular organization of cortical pathways linking visual area 4 (V4) with occipital visual area 2 (V2) and inferotemporal posterior inferotemporal ventral area (PITv) was investigated through an analysis of the patterns of retrogradely labeled cell bodies after injections of tracers into V4 and PITv. Although cytochrome oxidase or other stains have failed to yield reliable independent anatomical markers for cortical modules beyond V1 and V2, V4 and PITv seem to have modular compartments with specific patterns of cortico-cortical connectivity. Tracer injections of V4 labeled cells in V2 (1) thin stripes exclusively, (2) interstripes exclusively, or (3) specific combinations of interstripe and thin stripe subcompartments. These labeling patterns suggest (1) that there is a complicated organization of inputs to V4, (2) that projections from V2 to V4 display a submodular selectivity, and (3) that projections from V2 to V4 display some degree of cross-stream convergence. Consistent with this framework, extensive regions of PITv provide feedback projections to interstripe-recipient portions of V4, whereas more restricted portions of PITv provide feedback to thin stripe-recipient portions of V4. Similarly, the feedforward projection from V4 to PITv often arose from multiple cell clusters across a wide expanse of V4. When distinguishable fluorescent tracers were injected into two PITv sites separated by 3-5 mm, a variety of projection patterns was observed in V4. In most cases, labeled cells were found in multiple, interdigitating, nonoverlapping clusters of 1-3 mm width, whereas in other cases the two labeled fields were highly intermixed. These results suggest that V4 and PITv contain functional modules that can be characterized by the specific patterns of segregated and convergent projections they receive from lower cortical areas. These specific patterns of intercortical input, in conjunction with intrinsic cortical circuitry, may endow extrastriate cortical neurons with new and more complex receptive field properties.     

Spinal cord modular organization and rhythm generation: an NMDA iontophoretic study in the frog

Previous work using electrical microstimulation has suggested the existence of modules subserving limb posture in the spinal cord. In this study, the question of modular organization was reinvestigated with the more selective method of chemical microstimulation. N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) iontophoresis was applied to 229 sites of the lumbar spinal cord gray while monitoring the isometric force output of the ipsilateral hindlimb at the ankle. A force response was elicited from 69 sites. At 18 of these sites, tonic forces were generated and rhythmic forces at 44. In the case of tonic forces, their directions clustered along four orientations: lateral extension, rostral flexion, adduction, and caudal extension. For the entire set of forces (tonic and rhythmic), the same clusters of orientations were found with the addition of a cluster directed as a flexion toward the body. This distribution of force orientations was quite comparable to that obtained with electrical stimulation at the same sites. The map of tonic responses revealed a topographic organization; each type of force orientation was elicited from sites that grouped together in zones at distinct rostrocaudal and depth locations. In the case of rhythmic sequences of force orientations, some were distinctly more common, whereas others were rarely elicited by NMDA. Mapping of the most common rhythms showed that each was elicited from two or three regions of the cord. These regions were close in location to the tonic regions that produced those forces that represented components specific to that rhythm. There was an additional caudal region from which the different rhythms also could be elicited. Taken together, these results support the concept of a modular organization of the motor system in the frog's spinal cord and delineate the topography of these modules. They also suggest that these modules are used by the circuitry underlying rhythmic pattern generation by the spinal cord.     

Dichotic listening performance, cognitive ability, and cerebral organization.

Explored linkages between dichotic listening performance, cognitive ability, and cerebral organization, addressing 3 main questions: (1) the relationship of sex, handedness, and familial sinistrality to auditory laterality and to selected aspects of cognitive performance; (2) the relationship between laterality and cognitive ability; and (3) the relationship between verbal and musical laterality. Two dichotic listening tests (one involving recognition of stop consonant-vowel syllables and the other, recognition of melodic patterns) were administered to 120 college students balanced for handedness, sex, and familial sinistrality. Ss also underwent psychometric tests. Results indicate an independence of verbal and nonverbal laterality effects and support a componential (modular) theory of brain organization rather than one of complementarity. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高炉小模块非金属冷却壁设计参数

小模块冷却壁是将性能优异的耐火材料直接浇铸在平行排列的冷却水管上而形成的一种新型冷却设备。采用ANSYS软件建立了小模块冷却壁温度场计算模型,利用该模型计算了炉气温度为1200~1600℃、冷却水流速为0.5~2.5m/s条件下壁体材质导热系数、水管材质、水管直径、水管间距、冷却水流速及工作环境温度等条件变化时小模块冷却壁的温度分布状况。结果表明,小模块冷却壁对炉气温度变化的适应能力较强,壁体材质导热系数、水管间距、壁体厚度对小模块冷却壁传热性能影响较大,而水管直径、水管材质及水流速的影响较小。     

Modeling neocortical areas with a modular neural network

The modular organization of neocortex has been speculated to have a role in the operation of memory retrieval. By introducing two modifications in the model considered by O'Kane and Treves (1992a, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.), we have been able to increase the storage load limit and to destabilize the memory-glass states that marred the memory operation of the original model. The two modifications, a sparse rather than complete activation of cortical modules and a correlation between the patterns of activation and the underlying connectivity, are both consistent with available evidence.     

Adenylate cyclases in keratinocytes: FRSK cells express types I, II, III, IV, VI and VIII, and 1,25(OH)2D3, retinoic acid and TPA augment forskolin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the absence of altered isozyme expression

BACKGROUND: Polyketides are a large and structurally diverse group of natural products that include antibiotics, antifungal agents and immunosuppressant compounds. Polyketides are biosynthesised in filamentous bacteria on modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) in which each cycle of chain extension requires a different 'module' of enzymatic activities. The recently proposed dimeric model for modular PKSs predicts that even a single-module PKS should be catalytically active in the absence of other PKS components. Researchers are also interested in manipulating the stereochemical outcome of polyketide chain extension using genetic engineering of domains within each module. RESULTS: We have constructed a minimal modular PKS from the erythromycin-producing PKS (DEBS) of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The diketide synthase (DKS1-2) consists of a single chimaeric extension module, derived from the DEBS module 1 ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS), sandwiched between a loading module and a chain-terminating thioesterase. When DKS1-2 was expressed in S. erythraea, the strain preferentially6 accumulated the diketide (2R, 3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy pentanoic acid. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that, as predicted, even a single-module PKS is catalytically active in the absence of other DEBS proteins. In its normal context, the ketosynthase domain KS1 is thought to generate a (2S)-2methyl-3-hydroxy intermediate by epimerising the initial product of carbon-carbon chain formation, the (2R)-2-methyl-3-ketoester. The observed formation of the alternative (2R)-methyl-3-hydroxy product catalysed by DKS1-2 provides strong support for this proposal, and indicates how targeted alteration of stereospecificity can be achieved on a modular PKS.     

Platelet-derived growth factor activates mitogen-activated protein kinase in isolated caveolae

The ability of a peptide hormone to affect many different intracellular targets is thought to be possible because of the modular organization of signal transducing molecules in the cell. Evidence for the presence of signaling modules in metazoan cells, however, is incomplete. Herein we show, with morphology and cell fractionation, that all the components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are concentrated in caveolae of unstimulated human fibroblasts. Addition of platelet-derived growth factor to either the intact cell or caveolae isolated from these cells stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases in caveolae. The molecular machinery for kinase activation, therefore, is preorganized at the cell surface of quiescent cells.