Collaborative filtering based on collaborative tagging for enhancing the quality of recommendation

We propose a collaborative filtering method to provide an enhanced recommendation quality derived from user-created tags. Collaborative tagging is employed as an approach in order to grasp and filter users’ preferences for items. In addition, we explore several advantages of collaborative tagging for data sparseness and a cold-start user. These applications are notable challenges in collaborative filtering. We present empirical experiments using a real dataset from del.icio.us. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm offers significant advantages both in terms of improving the recommendation quality for sparse data and in dealing with cold-start users as compared to existing work.     

基于标签聚类与项目主题的协同过滤推荐算法

传统基于项目的协同过滤算法在计算项目相似度时仅依靠评分数据,未考虑项目的自身特征。社会化标注的出现使得标签能在一定程度上反映项目特征,但标签具有语义模糊的特点,因此直接将标签纳入协同过滤算法存在一定问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种改进的基于项目的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法对标签进行聚类并生成主题标签簇,根据项目标注情况计算项目与主题间的相关度并生成项目-主题相关度矩阵,同时将其与项目-评分矩阵相结合来计算项目间的相似度,采用协同过滤完成对目标项目的评分预测,以实现个性化推荐。在Movielens数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能够解决标签的语义模糊问题并提升推荐质量。     

Integrating ontology technology with folksonomies for personalized social tag recommendation

Social tagging systems leverage social interoperability by facilitating the searching, sharing, and exchanging of tagging resources. A major drawback of existing social tagging systems is that social tags are used as keywords in keyword-based search. They focus on keywords and human interpretability rather than on computer interpretable semantic knowledge. Therefore, social tags are useful for information sharing and organizing, but they lack the computer-interpretability needed to facilitate a personalized social tag recommendation. An interesting issue is how to automatically generate a personalized social tag recommendation list to users when a resource is accessed by users. The novel solution proposed in this study is a hybrid approach based on semantic tag-based resource profile and user preference to provide personalized social tag recommendation. Experiments show that the Precision and Recall of the proposed hybrid approach effectively improves the accuracy of social tag recommendation.     

Identification and resolution of conflicts during ontological integration using rules

Abstract: Integration of ontologies of information sources and consumers is an important phase in achieving web‐based interoperability. The present work describes an approach for identifying certain semantic conflicts while integrating ontologies of heterogeneous information sources. This paper is focused on the identification of homonymy and synonymy between elements in ontologies. In the present work the concepts of homonymy and synonymy are synonymous to naming conflicts and entity identifier conflicts, respectively, and partial synonymy is synonymous to schema isomorphism conflicts. The concept of the mask of interoperability is introduced for the identification of synonymy. The mask of interoperability is expressed in a declarative way as a set of rules, which can then be used for resolution of conflicts during integration of ontologies. As proof of concept, ontologies are implemented using the XML‐based ontology language Ontology Web Language (OWL), and the rules are implemented using the emerging rule language Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). This representation in OWL and SWRL allows the ontology to be executable, flexibly extendable and platform‐independent. The OWL facts and SWRL rules are used by the Jess and Bossam reasoning engine to identify semantic homonymy and synonymy.     

规则与统计结合分析汉语

在自然语言处理中,规则方法和统计方法各有优缺点。采用规则方法进行汉语切分、标注,并采用规则方法与切分标注评分结合进行消歧。对切分标注正确的句子进行句法分析,并采用规则方法与句法语义评分结合进行消歧。根据对多个结果的评分,选择出评分较大的结果,尽可能早地删除掉不正确的结果,从而加快汉语分析的速度,减少分析的空间消耗,提高分析的正确率。     

Semantic tagging and linking of software engineering social content

Social online communities and platforms play a significant role in the activities of software developers either as an integral part of the main activities or through complimentary knowledge and information sharing. As such techniques become more prevalent resulting in a wealth of shared information, the need to effectively organize and sift through the information becomes more important. Top-down approaches such as formal hierarchical directories have shown to lack scalability to be applicable to these circumstanes. Light-weight bottom-up techniques such as community tagging have shown promise for better organizing the available content. However, in more focused communities of practice, such as software engineering and development, community tagging can face some challenges such as tag explosion, locality of tags and interpretation differences, to name a few. To address these challenges, we propose a semantic tagging approach that benefits from the information available in Wikipedia to semantically ground the tagging process and provide a methodical approach for tagging social software engineering content. We have shown that our approach is able to provide high quality tags for social software engineering content that can be used not only for organizing such content but also for making meaningful and relevant content recommendation to the users both within a local community and also across multiple social online communities. We have empirically validated our approach through four main research questions. The results of our observations show that the proposed approach is quite effective in organizing social software engineering content and making relevant, helpful and novel content recommendations to software developers and users of social software engineering communities.     

Exploring Social Annotations with the Application to Web Page Recommendation

Collaborative social annotation systems allow users to record and share their original keywords or tag attachments to Web resources such as Web pages, photos, or videos. These annotations are a method for organizing and labeling information. They have the potential to help users navigate the Web and locate the needed resources. However, since annotations are posted by users under no central control, there exist problems such as spam and synonymous annotations. To efficiently use annotation information to facilitate knowledge discovery from the Web, it is advantageous if we organize social annotations from semantic perspective and embed them into algorithms for knowledge discovery. This inspires the Web page recommendation with annotations, in which users and Web pages are clustered so that semantically similar items can be related. In this paper we propose four graphic models which cluster users, Web pages and annotations and recommend Web pages for given users by assigning items to the right cluster first. The algorithms are then compared to the classical collaborative filtering recommendation method on a real-world data set. Our result indicates that the graphic models provide better recommendation performance and are robust to fit for the real applications.     

Intelligent e‐government services with personalized recommendation techniques

Information overload is becoming one of the problems that hinder the effectiveness of e‐government services. Intelligent e‐government services with personalized recommendation techniques can provide a solution for this problem. Existing recommendation approaches have not entirely considered the influences of attributes of various online services and may result in no guarantee of recommendation accuracy. This study proposes a new approach to handle recommendation issues of one‐and‐only items in e‐government services. The proposed approach integrates the techniques of semantic similarity and the traditional item‐based collaborative filtering. A recommender system named Smart Trade Exhibition Finder has been developed to implement the proposed recommendation approach. The recommender system can be applied in e‐government services to improve the quality of government‐to‐business online services. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 401–417, 2007.     

Exploring social tagging for personalized community recommendations

Users of social Web sites actively create and join communities as a way to collectively share their media content and rich experience with diverse groups of people. In this study we focus on the issue of recommending social communities (or groups) to individual users. We address specifically the potential of social tagging for accentuating users’ interests and characterizing communities. We also discuss some unique methods of improving several techniques that have been adapted for use in the context of community recommendations: collaborative filtering, a random walk model, a Katz influence model, a latent semantic model, and a user-centric tag model. We effectively incorporate social tagging information in each algorithm. We present empirical evaluations using real datasets from CiteULike and Last.fm. Our experimental results demonstrate that the different algorithms incorporated with social tagging offer significant advantages in improving both the recommendation quality and coverage, and demonstrate their feasibility for community recommendations in dealing with sparsity-related limitations.     

A Unified Framework for Providing Recommendations in Social Tagging Systems Based on Ternary Semantic Analysis

Social Tagging is the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords, to annotate and categorize items (songs, pictures, Web links, products, etc.). Social tagging systems (STSs) can provide three different types of recommendations: They can recommend 1) tags to users, based on what tags other users have used for the same items, 2) items to users, based on tags they have in common with other similar users, and 3) users with common social interest, based on common tags on similar items. However, users may have different interests for an item, and items may have multiple facets. In contrast to the current recommendation algorithms, our approach develops a unified framework to model the three types of entities that exist in a social tagging system: users, items, and tags. These data are modeled by a 3-order tensor, on which multiway latent semantic analysis and dimensionality reduction is performed using both the Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) method and the Kernel-SVD smoothing technique. We perform experimental comparison of the proposed method against state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms with two real data sets (Last.fm and BibSonomy). Our results show significant improvements in terms of effectiveness measured through recall/precision.     

Semantic interoperability in building design: Methods and tools

Semantic interoperability is a crucial element to make building information models understandable and model data sharable across multiple design disciplines and heterogeneous computer systems. This paper presents a new approach and its software implementation for the development of building design objects with semantics of interoperable information to support semantic interoperability in building designs. The novelty of the approach includes its incorporation of building design domain ontology, object-based CAD information modeling, and interoperability standard to make building information models and model data semantically interoperable. A set of methods are proposed to address the issues of object-based building information representation compliant with the Industrial Foundation Classes (IFC); extension of IFC models with the supplementary information; and semantic annotation of the interoperable and extensible information sets. The prototype implementation of these methods provides a set of Web-enabled software tools for effectively generating, managing, and reusing the semantically interoperable building objects in design applications of architectural CAD, structural analysis, and building code conformance checking.     

优化稀疏数据集提高协同过滤推荐系统质量的方法

协同过滤是目前个性化推荐系统中效果较好的一种推荐技术。由于用户和项目数量的急剧增加,使得反映用户喜好信息的评分矩阵非常稀疏,严重影响了协同过滤技术的推荐质量。针对这一问题提出了综合均值优化填充方法,该方法相比较于缺省值法和众数法,考虑到了用户评分尺度问题,同时也不存在众数法中的“多众数”和“无众数”问题。在同一数据集上,通过使用传统的基于用户的协同过滤算法进行验证,表明此方法可以有效提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

A framework for tag-aware recommender systems

In social tagging system, a user annotates a tag to an item. The tagging information is utilized in recommendation process. In this paper, we propose a hybrid item recommendation method to mitigate limitations of existing approaches and propose a recommendation framework for social tagging systems. The proposed framework consists of tag and item recommendations. Tag recommendation helps users annotate tags and enriches the dataset of a social tagging system. Item recommendation utilizes tags to recommend relevant items to users. We investigate association rule, bigram, tag expansion, and implicit trust relationship for providing tag and item recommendations on the framework. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid item recommendation method generates more appropriate items than existing research studies on a real-world social tagging dataset.     

藏文词性自动标注中歧义问题处理方法研究

藏文词性自动标注是藏文信息处理后续句法分析、语义分析及篇章分析必不可少的基础工作。词性歧义问题的处理是藏文词性自动标注的关键所在,也是藏文信息处理的难点问题。对藏文词性标注中词性歧义问题进行了分析研究,提出了符合藏丈语法规则实用于藏文词性标注的解决词性排岐方法。实验证明：该处理方法在藏文词性自动标注中对词性排岐方面有较好的效果,使藏文词性标注正确率有了一定的提高。     

基于领域知识的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法中项目相似度的计算建立在用户评分项目交集之上,没有考虑不同项目之间所存在的语义关系,致使推荐准确率低。基于领域知识进行项目相似度计算的协同过滤算法在用户评分的共同项目很少的情况下仍能给出不错的推荐。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地解决用户评分数据极端稀疏的问题,提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

Applying intelligent agents and semantic web services in eGovernment environments

The increasing volume of eGovernment‐related services is demanding new approaches for service integration and interoperability in this domain. Semantic web (SW) technologies and applications can leverage the potential of eGovernment service integration and discovery, thus tackling the problems of semantic heterogeneity characterizing eGovernment information sources and the different levels of interoperability. eGovernment services will therefore be semantically described in the foreseeable future. In an environment with semantically annotated services, software agents are essential as the entities responsible for exploiting the semantic content in order to automate some tasks, and so enhance the user's experience. In this paper, we present a framework that provides a seamless integration of semantic web services and intelligent agents technologies by making use of ontologies to facilitate their interoperation. The proposed framework can assist in the development of powerful and flexible distributed systems in complex, dynamic, heterogeneous, unpredictable and open environments. Our approach is backed up by a proof‐of‐concept implementation, where the breakthrough of integrating disparate eGovernment services has been tested.     

Semantic conflict resolution ontology (SCROL): an ontology for detecting and resolving data and schema-level semantic conflicts

Establishing semantic interoperability among heterogeneous information sources has been a critical issue in the database community for the past two decades. Despite the critical importance, current approaches to semantic interoperability of heterogeneous databases have not been sufficiently effective. We propose a common ontology called semantic conflict resolution ontology (SCROL) that addresses the inherent difficulties in the conventional approaches, i.e., federated schema and domain ontology approaches. SCROL provides a systematic method for automatically detecting and resolving various semantic conflicts in heterogeneous databases. SCROL provides a dynamic mechanism of comparing and manipulating contextual knowledge of each information source, which is useful in achieving semantic interoperability among heterogeneous databases. We show how SCROL is used for detecting and resolving semantic conflicts between semantically equivalent schema and data elements. In addition, we present evaluation results to show that SCROL can be successfully used to automate the process of identifying and resolving semantic conflicts.     

Context-aware recommendation using rough set model and collaborative filtering

Context has been identified as an important factor in recommender systems. Lots of researches have been done for context-aware recommendation. However, in current approaches, the weights of contextual information are the same, which limits the accuracy of the results. This paper aims to propose a context-aware recommender system by extracting, measuring and incorporating significant contextual information in recommendation. The approach is based on rough set theory and collaborative filtering. It involves a three-steps process. At first, significant attributes to represent contextual information are extracted and measured to identify recommended items based on rough set theory. Then the users’ similarity is measured in a target context consideration. Furthermore collaborative filtering is adopted to recommend appropriate items. The evaluation experiments show that the proposed approach is helpful to improve the recommendation quality.     

A hybrid approach for movie recommendation

Collaborative and content-based filtering are the major methods in recommender systems that predict new items that users would find interesting. Each method has advantages and shortcomings of its own and is best applied in specific situations. Hybrid approaches use elements of both methods to improve performance and overcome shortcomings. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach based on content-based and collaborative filtering, implemented in MoRe, a movie recommendation system. We also provide empirical comparison of the hybrid approach to the base methods of collaborative and content-based filtering and draw useful conclusions upon their performance.     

基于知识图嵌入的协同过滤推荐算法

利用知识图谱进行推荐的一个巨大挑战在于如何获取项目的结构化知识并对其进行语义特征提取.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于知识图嵌入的协同过滤推荐算法(KGECF).首先从Freebase知识图谱中提取与项目相关的知识信息,并与历史交互项目进行链接构建子知识库;然后通过基于TransR的Xavier-TransR方法得到子知识库中实体、关系表征;设计一种端到端的联合学习模型,将结构化信息与历史偏好信息嵌入到统一的向量空间中;最后利用协同过滤方法进一步计算这些向量并生成精确的推荐列表.在MovieLens-1 M和Amazon-book两个公开数据集上的实验表明,该算法在推荐准确率、召回率、F1值和NDCG四个指标上均优于基线方法,能够集成大规模的结构化和非结构化数据,同时获得高精度的推荐结果.