基于信道CSI的抗窃听信号安全保障方法研究

随着无线通信网络在全球范围内蓬勃发展,无线通信网络中的隐私和安全问题引起了广泛的研究。物理层安全技术方案已被证明是解决未来网络安全性能的重要方案,有望满足日益增长的用户安全通信需求。为了防止窃听者窃取保密信息,在合法信道和窃听信道的信道状态信息（Channel State Information,CSI）已知的情况下,文章提出一种抗窃听物理层安全预编码方案。该方案能够有效提升合法信道的信道容量,在合法用户（Bob）和窃听用户（Eve）之间产生容量差以保证信息的安全传输,同时使得合法用户的中断概率远低于窃听用户,从而保证信息传输的可靠性。仿真结果证明了所提方案的有效性。     

协作SWIPT-NOMA系统的物理层安全性研究

针对协作非正交多址接入(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)系统中用户充当中继并存在窃听者的场景,提出了一种新型协作干扰传输方案,以提高该系统的安全性.在第一时隙,基站将混合信号进行广播,同时为了干扰窃听者,信道条件较差的用户采用全双工的工作模式,发出协作干扰信号对窃听者进行干扰.在...     

空时编码的多用户MIMO系统用户调度性能分析

文中针对正交空时编码的多用户MIMO系统,分析并比较了两种多用户调度方案的性能.第一种方案是基站在一个时隙内选择信噪比最大的用户进行通信,第二种方案是基站在一个时隙同时选择多个信噪比大的用户进行通信.文中对两种方案的容量都作了理论推导和仿真比较.仿真结果显示,前一种方案性能好于第二种方案,但是第二种方案可以同时服务多个用户.     

一种基于投影的MIMO物理层安全传输方法

为了保证MIMO系统无线传输安全,提出了一种基于投影的物理层安全传输方案。基站在合法信道的投影空间发射相互正交的涉密信号和干扰信号,干扰窃听方恢复信息,同时不影响期望用户接收信号。给出了两种信号保密容量准则下功率分配的迭代算法。通过分析干扰对窃听信号统计特性的影响,证明了对窃听方盲处理造成的不确定度(indeterminacy)。仿真结果表明,该方案具有较高的保密信道容量,在期望用户处获得比已有方案更低的误码率,而窃听方无法正确解调。     

窃听者随机分布SWIPT-NOMA系统的物理层安全

非正交多址接入（non-orthogonalmultipleaccess,NOMA）与无线携能通信（simultaneouswireless information and power transfer,SWIPT）技术的组合可提高无线系统的频谱效率，并能够解决用户节点的电能供应问题。然而，当能量收集器要恶意窃听基站发送的机密信息时，SWIPT-NOMA系统的信息安全传输会受到威胁，为增强其物理层安全（physical layer security,PLS）性能，提出了一种采用发射天线选择和功率分割策略的SWIPT-NOMA系统PLS模型。如果各能量收集器的空间位置随机分布服从泊松点过程，利用空间泊松分布生成函数推导SWIPT-NOMA系统的安全中断概率和非零安全容量概率近似表达式。数值计算与仿真结果表明，所推导的表达式具有很高的准确性，且可用于研究窃听者密度、基站与远近端信息接收者之间的距离、基站发射天线数以及功率分割因子等参数对SWIPT-NOMA系统PLS性能的影响。     

大规模天线SWIPT的安全速率性能分析

多入单出广播系统中,现有研究均是在完整信道状态信息下来优化单用户安全速率,而实际上,系统中不可能只存在一个用户,基站往往接收到的也是不完整信道状态信息.针对此问题,提出了一种顽健性波束成形方案.在多用户情况下,考虑信道估计误差对系统安全速率的影响,采用粒子群算法来联合优化发射波束成形矢量、人工噪声协方差和功率分流比,从而在确保用户收集一定能量的同时最大化安全传输速率.仿真结果表明,所提方案相对于理想情况下的安全速率略微降低,但考虑到存在窃听用户和估计误差的情况,对实际系统具有指导意义.     

联合信道均衡与时间反演的室内保密通信方法

针对物理层无线通信的窃听信道问题,提出了一种适用于室内频率选择性衰落信道的均衡时间反演(Equalized Time Reversal,ETR)保密通信方法。首先,建立了均衡时间反演窃听模型,在信号发送端将均衡器级联配置,利用信道均衡技术提高信息传输的保密性能;其次,通过传统时间反演(Time Reversal,TR)技术的等效信道分析对均衡器进行了设计,根据均衡后的信道推导了系统保密信干噪比、系统保密容量、误码率的闭合表达式。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与传统的TR技术相比,ETR的保密信干噪比、系统保密容量更高,合法接收用户的误码率更低。     

智能窃听下协作NOMA网络的性能分析

针对下行双用户NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)系统模型中存在智能窃听者,该窃听者可以自适应地选择被动窃听或主动干扰工作模式,在不精确了解其干扰水平的情况下,部分NOMA用户很有可能遭遇传输质量下降乃至保密中断,这将对信息安全传输构成严重威胁。另外,由于信道衰落,用户的位置对系统整体性能有很大影响,难以保证距离源节点较远用户的传输质量。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种新型的两阶段用户协作方案。第一阶段,远用户采用全双工(full-duplex,FD)干扰智能窃听者,第二阶段,近用户可作为一个中继协助源节点转发远用户信号信息,并在接收端采用串行干扰消除（Successive Interference Cancellation, SIC）技术进行解码。使用户间达成合作,提高通信链路安全性和用户服务质量。考虑到系统中不同用户的信息接收速率与通信需求不同之间的相关性,分别推导了遍历安全容量和遍历容量的解析表达式,同时分析了功率分配因子和用户间协作发射功率等因素对性能的影响,并通过Monte-Carlo仿真验证了其正确性。      

窃听信道相关条件下最大比传输技术安全分析

在无线通信系统的实际传输中,当窃听用户距离合法接受者足够近,或者位于合法接收机信号的无线电波路径上时,就会出现主信道与窃听信道相关的场景。为此我们考虑一个多输入单输出,并且存在单天线被动窃听者的无线通信系统,研究了当基站采用最大比技术发射技术发送信号时,相关对系统性能的影响。推导了安全中断概率与平均安全容量的闭合表达式。数值仿真结果表明:（1）当主信道的信道质量高于窃听信道时,较低的相关对系统安全中断概率性能影响不大,然而强相关却能够带来更低的安全中断概率;（2）该相关对系统平均安全容量始终是有害的,且随着相关程度的增强,最大比发射技术相对于天线选择的优势逐渐变小。      

多用户大规模MIMO自适应安全传输策略

大规模MIMO系统采用空分多址可以提高系统吞吐量,同时利用多用户下行信号的相互协作可以对窃听者造成叠加干扰,带来了天然的安全增益。但目前该系统的物理层安全研究仍采用传统的人工噪声方案,忽略了多用户信号干扰带来的安全增益,造成严重的功率浪费。针对这一问题,该文分析了多用户信号干扰对系统可达平均安全速率和平均安全能效的影响,给出了系统的最佳接入用户区间。研究发现,在系统接入用户数较少和用户数较多时,系统安全能力较弱,针对此分别提出了N波束加扰和基于用户位置的用户调度的自适应安全传输策略。最后通过仿真验证了理论推导和所提策略的有效性,利用该文所提策略,能够保证系统天然安全能力不足时的安全通信。     

分布式MIMO系统发送天线选择与预编码联合设计

为了抑制多用户分布式多入多出(MIMO)系统中的同道干扰(CCI),使系统同时服务于更多用户,提出一种发送天线选择与预编码的联合设计方法。该方法立足于分布式MIMO系统基站端天线较多的特点,将下行发送天线选择与信漏噪比(SLNR)预编码相结合,通过为用户选择不同天线,从根本上减少CCI;在为每个用户选择天线时,先以信道子矩阵的迹为依据进行端口选择,再采用逐减的方法选择使SLNR损失值最小的天线,以保证每个用户对其他用户的干扰尽量小,从而达到进一步抑制CCI的目的。复杂度分析和仿真结果表明,该方法在具有较低复杂度同时,其容量性能仍可逼近最优算法;较之单纯的SLNR预编码,在相同的容量性能约束下,其能够有效增加系统同时服务的用户数。     

自适应窃听下NOMA用户协作干扰的物理层安全研究

在存在一个半双工自适应窃听者的通信模型中,分析了采用非正交多址(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)技术合作系统的性能。提出了一种新型的合作NOMA方案,该方案在中继转发时,强用户可充当中继协助转发弱用户信号,而弱用户采用全双工技术向窃听者发送干扰信号,提高了通信链路的安全性和用户的服务质量。合法接收端采用连续干扰消除(SIC)技术,以解码来自叠加信号的各个消息。在已知窃听信道统计信道状态信息(CSI)的情况下,分别推导了2个用户的安全中断概率和中断概率的闭合表达式,并通过Monte-Carlo仿真验证。理论分析和数值模拟结果均表明所提出的NOMA用户合作方案在保密率方面优于非合作方案的性能。     

MIMO异构网络中一种基于人工噪声的抗主动窃听者的鲁棒安全传输方案

为保证MIMO异构网络面临多天线主动窃听时的安全性,该文提出一种基于人工噪声的抗主动窃听者的鲁棒安全传输方案。首先,考虑窃听者发送上行导频干扰的情形,研究了其发送的上行导频干扰对合法用户信道估计的影响。随后,基于信道估计结果对宏基站、微基站的下行数据与噪声信号的预编码矩阵进行设计,并推导了此种情形下系统安全速率的表达式。然后,以系统安全速率最大化为目标对基站的下行数据与噪声信号的发送功率进行优化设计,并提出一种基于1维线性搜索的求解方法。进一步地,考虑窃听者在发送上行导频干扰后,继而发送噪声干扰用户下行通信的情形,提出一种基于离散零和博弈方法来获取最优的发送功率设计。仿真结果验证了所提方案的安全性和鲁棒性。     

The rate region of a cooperative scheduling system

A wireless communication system where a common base station is scheduled to transmit information to multiple mobile users on a time division (TD) basis is considered. The capacity region of this system is found for the two user case and the optimal scheduling scheme is proposed which achieves the boundary of the capacity region. Furthermore, the optimal scheduling scheme is found for the case when the remote mobile users can perform downlink cooperation and the achievable rate region of the downlink cooperative system is characterized. Finally, a simple iterative algorithm is proposed for finding the resource allocation parameters and the scheduling scheme for the cooperative system.     

Dispersed beamforming approach for secure communication in UDN

Wireless communication systems are prone to many security breaches due to open nature of the medium and exponential a rise in subscribers. Hence, physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as one of the dominant low complexity alternatives to overcome the impact of eavesdropping by managing the physical characteristics of the medium. In this paper, we ensure PLS to moving users which tends to experience rise in handover, as a result of proximity between users and base station. This study is based on ultra-dense network (UDN). To tackle this challenge, novel secure beamforming named as beam broadening and beam merging have been proposed. Besides, we propose a synchronization approach called synchronized mobility clustering for UDN to reduce the overheads generated due to the exchange of information about moving users. More specifically, we derive an analytical expression for secrecy outage probability—an important security metric. The effect of proposed approaches have been validated through numerical results and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches against eavesdropping. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with the conventional beamforming approach. However, this proposed approach works well for a varied density of users and location to be targeted.

     

Time-Reversal Based Secure Transmission Scheme for 5G Networks over Correlated Wireless Multi-Path Channels

Broadband wireless communication users for 5G networks are primarily implemented in a complicated environment; the complex environment of time-varying multi-path propagation characteristics will seriously affect the performance of communication. One of the core technologies to overcome this problem is to introduce the environment adaptive technique—time reversal in the wireless link. Further, the problem of a Wiretap Channel in physical layer security research has become a popular research topic in recent years. To resolve the physical layer wiretap channel and multi-path fading problems in wireless channels, a novel concept of combining time reversal technology with physical layer security technology is proposed. In this paper, a physical layer secure transmission scheme based on the joint time reversal technique and artificial noise at the sending end is proposed for the wireless multi-path channel. First, in a typical wiretap channel model, the time reversal technique is used to improve the security of the information transmission process by using the properties of spatial and temporal focusing. Second, as the information is easily eavesdropped near the focus point, artificial noise is added to the sending end to disrupt the eavesdropping capability of the eavesdropper. Finally, due to the complexity of the multi-path channels, the influence of the antenna correlation on the system security performance is considered. Compared with the existing physical layer security schemes, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a higher secrecy signal-to-noise ratio, a higher rate of secrecy, and a lower bit error rate of legitimate user.     

无人机基站的飞行路线在线优化设计

针对离线的无人机(UAV)基站飞行路线设计无法满足随机的、动态的地面用户通信请求难题,该文研究了飞行路线在线优化设计算法。考虑单个无人机空中基站为两个地面用户提供无线通信服务,通过在线实时优化无人机的飞行路线实现最小化与地面用户的平均通信时延。首先,由于系统的无人机的状态和动作是连续的,将问题转化成一个马尔可夫决策过程(MDP);然后,把单次通信时延引入到动作价值函数中;最后分别采用强化学习中蒙特卡罗和Q-Learning算法来实现无人机的飞行路线在线优化。仿真结果表明,所提出的在线优化的平均时延性能优于“固定位置”和“贪婪算法”的时延计算结果。     

Combining artificial noise beam forming and concatenated coding schemes to effectively secure wireless communications

In this paper we present a new scheme combining artificial noise beam forming and secrecy coding to strengthen the security of existing wireless communication systems. Artificial noise and beam forming guarantee a radio advantage to legitimate users, enabling the use of our secrecy coding scheme to provide reliability and secrecy. This overall security protocol is compliant with existing widespread radio access technologies and it can be considered as a key-free add-on to improve security of the physical layer of wireless networks.     

不理想的信道互易性对波束成形技术的影响…

在无线通信系统中,基站可以根据信道互易性使用波束成形(Beam Forming)技术提升系统性能。信道互易性的准确程度对性能是有影响的,因此需要对其分析以指导系统设计。对长期演进(LTE)系统的互易性进行建模,指出了终端发送天线和接收天线数目的不对称性,以及基站信道估计的误差对信道互易性的影响。通过数值仿真验证了不理想的信道互易性使波束成形性能受到损失,并为系统改进提出思路。其结论容易推广到其他应用波束成形的无线通信系统。     

Four-sector cross-shaped urban microcellular systems withintelligent switched-beam antennas

A four-sector cross-shaped urban microcellular system with intelligent switched-beam antennas is proposed. Each sector covers a street block with a base station located at an intersection, and an intelligent beam-switching scheme is used to locate mobile users in the most suitable beam coverage. Due to directional narrow-beam patterns and waveguide effects of tall buildings, radio signals along vertical and horizontal streets do not interfere with each other. Therefore, a channel can be reused simultaneously in multiple neighboring cells as long as cochannels do not encounter each other along the line of sight. The proposed scheme has a channel reuse efficiency of 0.95 for a traffic load of 0.02 [new-call arrivals/s/cell]. The system also increases system capacity more than three times with a blocking probability of 1% and considerably reduces handoff traffic when compared with a conventional cross-shaped microcellular system with an omnidirectional beam pattern