企业级视频会议服务质量保证机制的研究

针对企业网络的情况,提出了一种企业级视频会议系统的服务质量保证机制。该机制根据视频会议的传输模式,将视频会议的保障转化成对一组具有时间尺度数据流的保障,通过对网络中优先级带宽的管理来为数据流提供预约带宽,在网络的边缘对每个优先级数据流进行认证、标记和整形,在网络核心使用区分服务保障视频流的优先转发,以实现预约带宽的合法使用。实验结果表明该机制能够在网络拥塞的情况下为媒体流提供所需的带宽,能有效地保证视频会议的服务质量。     

一种保证服务数据流QoS的选播路由算法

提出一个目标为保证服务数据流QoS的选播路由算法．算法利用路径逆向带宽、跳数和服务器负载生成能够满足选播数据报所要请求服务数据的QoS要求的路径，并在该路径上路由选播数据报，同时为服务数据预留资源，以此保证选播数据报到达的服务器以及相应网络路径能够为服务数据提供足够的支持．算法免去服务数据资源预留对单播QoS路由算法的依赖；能够提高服务数据资源预留的成功率，并在一定程度上平衡服务器负载；同时还可降低资源预留的消息开销，减少资源预留的建立时间。     

无线宽带通信系统的上行带宽资源分配方案

提出了一种适用于宽带无线通信系统的上行无线带宽资源分配方案。在详细描述算法的基础上，建立了对应的仿真系统对算法进行验证。该方案较好地解决了多业务并发时的上行带宽分配问题。兼顾了不同实时业务对时延和带宽的不同需求，与传统技术相比较，提高了带宽利用率，并减少了协议开销和传输时延。     

基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法

针对异构无线网络融合环境提出了一种基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法,从而为多业务提供QoS保证。该算法采用多宿主传输机制,通过预设各个网络中不同业务的带宽分配门限,并基于各个网络中不同业务和用户的带宽分配矩阵,根据业务k支持的传输速率等级需求和网络状态的变化,将自适应带宽分配问题转化为一个动态优化问题并采用迭代方法来求解,在得到各个网络中不同业务和用户优化的带宽分配矩阵的同时,在带宽预留门限和网络容量的约束条件下实现网络实时吞吐量的最大化,以提高整个异构网络带宽的利用效率。数值仿真结果显示,所提算法能够支持满足QoS需求的传输速率等级,减小了新用户接入异构网络的阻塞概率,提高了平均用户接入率并将网络吞吐量最大提高40%。     

基于ConferenceXP的P2P视频会议系统设计与实现

通过分析现有视频会议系统存在的问题,并结合P2P网络的技术特点,提出了一种基于P2P的视频会议系统体系结构。同时分析音视频同步和带宽自适应传输两个关键问题,并给出了解决方案,重点叙述基于Conference XP平台的P2P视频会议系统的设计实现过程。ConferenceXP融合了音频视频和网络技术中的新发展,在该平台上实现的视频会议系统具有很好的实用价值和市场潜力。     

一种新的低延迟OBS突发组装算法

提高带宽利用率和降低端到端的时间延迟是下一代网络性能的重要指标,文章简单扼要地介绍了目前OBS网络中在提高带宽利用率和降低端到端的时间延迟方面比较典型的两种组装算法:前向资源预留算法(Forward Resource Reservation,FRR)和精确组装FRR算法(Precision Assembly with Forward Resource Reservation,PAFRR).分析了这两种算法在带宽利用率提高以及平均时间延迟降低方面存在的问题.针对这些问题,提出了一种新的降低延迟的组装周期预测算法(As sembly Duration Forecasting,ADC)并进行了网络仿真.仿真结果验证了该算法在进一步提高带宽利用率方面和降低平均时间延迟方面的有效性.     

EON中针对提前预留业务的碎片感知RSA算法

为了减少弹性光网络(EON)中的频谱和时间碎片,针对提前预留(AR)业务提出一种碎片感知路由与频谱分配(RSA)算法。在选路阶段,该算法采用K最短路径算法,综合考虑路径距离、跳数、频谱资源消耗和邻接链路数等因素影响来挑选侯选路径集;在资源分配阶段,则采用局部影响因子统计可能产生的频谱和时间碎片,以降低候选资源块周围的频谱、时间资源碎片化程度,并利用整体影响因子尽可能将占用资源集中在频率轴边界处,以增加中间空闲资源连续性,同时还引入时域资源使用度因子以避免过度占用资源。仿真结果表明,该算法进一步改善了带宽阻塞率性能,提高了资源利用率。     

基于3GPP2框架的无线移动网络的RSVP扩展研究

本文讨论了面向固定网络设计的RSVP协议应用于无线移动网络需要解决的问题,并针对3GPP2框架下的无线移动网络提出了一种RSVP扩展方案.该方案采用隧道预留技术建立端-端主动预留,为数据连接提供服务质量保证;采用移动预测和被动预留技术在移动节点可能进入的蜂窝内提前预留无线资源,提高切换成功的概率;通过采用主动切换技术减小预留路径调整的时间,进一步提高通信的连续性.     

基于预留的802.16MAC层资源调度算法

提出了一种IEEE802.16系统中基于预留的MAC层资源调度方法,可以有效的解决IEEE802.16系统中高优先级业务过多占用优先级业务带宽而带来的不公平性问题。仿真结果表明,与原有资源调度算法相比,这种算法能够在满足各种业务对QoS要求的同时,具有更好的公平性和更高的带宽利用率。     

一种适合宽带多媒体卫星通信系统的异步突发时间计划生成方法

 在宽带多媒体卫星通信系统带宽按需分配(Bandwidth on Demand,BoD)过程中,采用周期性突发时间计划生成(Periodical Burst Time Plan Generation,P-BTPG)方法会导致BoD性能对带宽分配周期和带宽分配时延十分敏感.通过建立BoD时序模型,推导最优带宽分配周期和分配时延值,给出一种最优的突发时间计划生成(Optimal Burst Time Plan Generation,O-BTPG)方法.针对该方法导致突发时间计划(Burst Time Plan BTP)信令开销过大的问题,进一步提出一种能够根据带宽需求异步生成突发时间计划(Asynchronous Burst Time Plan Generation,A-BTPG)的方法,推导采用该方法的最优带宽分配长度和最优带宽分配时刻表达式,给出该方法的执行流程;采用两种典型带宽分配算法对不同的BTP生成方法进行性能仿真与分析,仿真结果表明:A-BTPG方法具有较好的通用性,在控制BTP信令开销的前提下能够明显提升系统带宽动态响应能力.     

Multi‐stage two‐leg bandwidth reservation and admission control for advance reservations with uncertain service duration

In traditional advance reservation (AR) service, resources were reserved for fixed scheduled periods at the time requests were admitted. When overtimes occurred, because of the reservation timeout, connections would be forced to terminate. For Internet AR applications like sports event casting and conference meetings such service disruption would be unfortunate and undesired for the viewers and participants. Further, taking into account that overtimes are often known almost at the last minute of the pre‐scheduled period, even if a connection extension request is submitted the probability that it is successful is unpredictable depending on the network load. In this paper, we study the problem of admission control and resource management for the AR service with uncertain service duration. An innovative multi‐stage two‐leg admission control and bandwidth management scheme is proposed. New performance measures—service quality indexes and reservation cost function are also defined for AR service. Through simulations, we show that the proposed scheme successfully provides service users a more predictive, affirmative service guarantee than conventional reservation schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Traffic analysis for multiparty videoconferencing in virtual path‐based ATM networks

With effective bandwidth concept encapsulating cell‐level behaviour, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network design and analysis at the call‐level may be formulated in the framework of circuit‐switched loss networks. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for a kind of multiparty videoconferencing in the VP‐based ATM network at call‐level. For this kind of conference, only the video of the current speaker is broadcast to other conferees. We first address several conference management issues in the VP‐based ATM network, including the bandwidth allocation strategies, routing rule, call admission policy and speaker change management. Next, we formulate a traffic model for the conferences. Since an exact analysis of such a multiparty conference network is mathematically intractable, an approximate analysis for such conferences in a fully connected VP network is performed. The key of our method is to make use of the reduced‐load approximation and open Jackson network model to derive the traffic loads from new conferences as well as that from the speaker change of the on‐going conferences. Our study shows that the proposed analysis can give accurate predictions of the blocking probabilities for the new conference calls as well as video freeze probabilities for the on‐going conferences. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有线电视网和IP网的视频会议系统设计与实现

设计并实现了一种结合有线电视网和IP网的视频会议系统.该系统以会议服务器为中心单元,协调各会场间的数据流和控制流传递,利用双向IP网,实现会议服务器和各会场间的会议控制等交互操作,以及上传各会场的音视频至会议服务器.它基于多播协议,利用有线电视网稳定可靠的高速下行带宽,将上载的音视频高质量地传送至各会场.     

Real-Time Streaming Relay Mechanism for P2P Conferences on Hierarchical Overlay Networks

A peer-to-peer (P2P) multimedia conferencing service is operating that users share their resources to each other on the Internet. It can solve the problem in the centralized conferencing architecture, such as the centralized loading, single point error, and expensive infrastructure. However, P2P networks have the problem that a peer has a difference between the physical location and logical location in the overlay network. In the viewpoint of P2P networks, the nearest conference resource may be far away geographically. The P2P-session initiation protocol (P2P-SIP) multimedia conference is to construct an application-based logical multicast network efficiently according to physical network information. Thus, this paper proposes a real-time streaming relay mechanism for P2P conferences on hierarchical overlay networks. The real-time streaming relay mechanism can improve the transportation efficiency of conferencing stream exchange well based on the application-layer multicast (ALM) structure and the hierarchical overlay networks.     

Scalable architecture and evaluation for multiparty conferencing over satellite links

This paper describes the architecture of a proposed multiparty conferencing system for satellites. Different conferencing models are discussed and compared. A session initiation protocol (SIP)-based conference signaling model and an extension to protocol-independent multicast sparse mode that supports quality-of-service (QoS) in DiffServ networks are proposed, as particularly suitable for multiparty conferencing applications over satellite links. The paper also presents key issues and potential solutions of scalable QoS multicast services for multiparty conferences over satellite. End-to-end QoS parameters for voice and video are measured and analyzed on a prototype.     

Constrained light-tree design for WDM mesh networks with multicast traffic grooming

Multicast applications such as IPTV, video conferencing, telemedicine and online multiplayer gaming are expected to be major drivers of Internet traffic growth. The disparity between the bandwidth offered by a wavelength and the bandwidth requirement of a multicast connection can be tackled by grooming multiple low bandwidth multicast connections into a high bandwidth wavelength channel or light-tree. Light-trees are known to be especially suited for networks that carry ample multicast traffic. In this paper, we propose new algorithms to address the problem of multicast traffic grooming. In particular, an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation is proposed for optimal assignments of hop constrained light-trees for multicast connections so that network throughput can be maximized. Hop constrained light-trees improve the scalability of the approach by reducing the search space of the ILP formulation. Since solving the ILP problem is very time consuming for realistically large networks, we are motivated to propose a heuristic algorithm with a polynomial complexity, called Dividable Light-Tree Grooming (DLTG) algorithm. This algorithm is based on grooming traffic to constrained light-trees and also divides a light-tree to smaller constrained light-trees on which traffic is groomed for better resource utilization. Simulations show that the proposed DLTG heuristic performs better than other algorithms. It achieves network throughputs which are very close to the ILP formulation results, but with far lower running times.     

Optimal quality adaptation for scalable encoded video

The dynamic behavior of the Internet's transmission resources makes it difficult to provide perceptually good quality streaming video. Scalable video encoding techniques have been proposed to deal with this problem. However, an encoded video generally exhibits significant data rate variability to provide consistent visual quality. We are, therefore, faced with the problem of accommodating the mismatch between the available bandwidth variability and the encoded video variability. We investigate quality adaptation algorithms for scalable encoded variable bit-rate video over the Internet. Our goal is to develop a quality adaptation scheme that maximizes perceptual video quality by minimizing quality variation, while at the same time increasing the usage of available bandwidth. We propose an optimal adaptation algorithm and a real-time adaptation algorithm based on whether the network conditions are known a priori. Experimental results show that the real-time adaptation as well as the optimal adaptation algorithm provide consistent video quality when used over both TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) and transmission control protocol (TCP).     

Software architecture for integration of video services in theEtherphone system

Software mechanisms that make use of analog transmission and storage of video for computer-controlled video communication and file storage are described. The authors extended the Etherphone voice management system to support video conferencing and file storage. The software mechanisms for conference management consist of a central connection manager, and video and user interface agents running on client workstations. A conferencing architecture that supports multiplicity in the number of conferences and media is presented. The video file server stores and retrieves full-motion video information within conferences. It uses optical disks to store video frames and builds a high-level file and directory interface. The user interface to the directory interface is a multimedia document editor that permits video annotations to be freely interspersed with text. The performance of the system, which spans multiple media networks, has been highly satisfactory     

消防部队远程教育培训系统安全性可靠设计探析

为了加快消防信息交流速度,保证消防信息畅通,消防部队也在利用先进的通信传输技术组建综合视频、语音和数据的会议电视网络,来提高网络资源的利用率和办公效率,减少会务费用,增进沟通。文章针对目前消防部队远程教育培训系统建设中对系统设计存在的不足,重点阐述远程教育培训系统安全上存在的问题及对策,对消防部队远程教育培训系统设计过程中应注意的安全性、可靠性设计等方面进行了探讨。