声发射技术在复合材料发展中的应用

介绍了声发射技术的基本原理、重要特征和检测技术以及在复合材料研究与发展领域中的应用。着重阐述了国内外声发射技术在复合材料力学性能和结构完整性检测研究方面的应用现状，进而展望了声发射技术在未来复合材料无损评价与质量控制领域的应用前景。     

产品模型定位系统核心技术研究

模型定位一直是逆向工程领域和图像处理领域的重要技术之一,结合零件加工定位和无损检测的需要,提出了产品模型定位系统框架和问题解决方法。该系统以工业CT或CMM测量数据作为三维输入方式,构成待配准模型,以CAD模型作为理论模型。针对待配准模型与理论模型,研究并实现了粗配准技术、精确配准技术、配准定位的分析评估以及数据拼合等核心技术。该系统可以应用于无损检测、无损评估以及加工定位等领域,具有广泛的应用前景。     

产品模型定位系统核心技术研究

模型定位一直是逆向工程领域和图像处理领域的重要技术之一,结合零件加工定位和无损检测的需要,提出了产品模型定位系统框架和问题解决方法.该系统以工业CT或CMM测量数据作为三维输入方式,构成待配准模型,以CAD模型作为理论模型.针对待配准模型与理论模型,研究并实现了粗配准技术、精确配准技术、配准定位的分析评估以及数据拼合等核心技术.该系统可以应用于无损检测、无损评估以及加工定位等领域,具有广泛的应用前景.     

磁光成像传感无损检测技术现状与展望

针对检测铁磁性工件缺陷过程中的技术问题,介绍了一种基于法拉第效应的新型磁光成像传感无损检测技术。阐述了磁光成像传感无损检测技术的基本原理和实验系统,通过对磁路机理及励磁方式的论述,总结出了磁场激励规律,以及寻找了最佳励磁方式的技术难点;分析了磁光图像缺陷信息提取算法以及神经网络预测分类模型,指出了如何将磁光成像传感检测与人工智能相结合的关键问题;列举了几种主要无损检测技术的特点,并归纳了磁光成像传感检测技术在航空航天、焊接等领域的应用;最后对磁光成像传感无损检测技术的主要问题和发展方向做出了总结。研究结果表明:磁光成像传感无损检测技术具有独特的优越性,可以为高精度无损检测自动化、图像化、智能化的实现提供新的研究方向。     

钢丝绳无损检测技术研究进展

针对钢丝绳应用及检测过程中安全性能、利用率、检测精度等问题,综合分析了现阶段钢丝绳无损检测国内外相关研究成果,总结并提出了今后的研究方向。首先,介绍了无损检测技术当前在实际工程中的应用,具体对比分析了两种主流探伤仪技术特点,以及在桥梁建筑等行业中的应用;接着,介绍了现在无损检测技术发展状况,着重论述了钢丝绳磁检测技术和非磁检测技术研究和应用现状,其中磁检测技术主要包括电磁法和永磁法,非磁检测主要包括电流法、声发射法和声-超声检测法;最后,在对比当前无损检测研究方法的基础上提出了集中钢丝绳无损检测的可行方法,指出了发展声-超声检测技术的研究趋势。     

基于微磁特性的球化质量电磁无损检测

针对传统转向节球化质量检测法存在时间长、效率低和操作复杂等问题,对基于初始磁导率法的球化质量无损检测系统进行了研究;通过对铁磁性材料微磁特性的分析,提出了一种基于初始磁导率的电磁无损检测方法;基于电磁场理论和基本方程组,建立了输出感应电压与激励源及磁路参数的数学方程,揭示了输出量与输入量之间的内在关联性;设计出了一套球化质量无损检测系统,对检测系统的电磁传感器、硬件电路及软件系统进行了分析,并将该检测系统应用于灰铸铁和球墨铸铁的实验测试。研究结果表明,灰铸铁测试值约为球墨铸铁测试值的70%;该方法能准确判断转向节是否合格,可实现转向节球化质量在线无损检测。     

钢丝绳应力集中和疲劳损伤的电磁无损检测技术分析

随着钢丝绳在工业技术中应用的快速发展,钢丝绳运行安全和高效经济的问题日益引起人们的广泛关注。鉴于此,阐述了与钢丝拉索无损检测技术相关的基础问题,分析了钢丝绳无损检测技术在国内外的发展演变历程;研究评述了钢丝绳无损检测技术最新研究成果的优点和缺点;重点分析讨论了检测传感器设计、信号处理方法、定性分析和定量识别技术、寿命预测方法等方面的研究进展,并指出了钢丝绳电磁检测技术目前所面临的问题及今后的研究发展方向,为深入研究电磁无损检测技术应用于钢丝绳损伤检测和质量评价提供了借鉴。     

无损检测与评价在起重机械检验中的应用

首先介绍了无损检测与评价的定义及几种常用的无损检测方法,然后详细介绍了无损检测技术在各类起重机械检验过程中的应用,最后指出了无损检测技术的应用特点。     

无损检测与评价在起重机械检验中的应用探究

在工业生产过程中，加强起重机械检验工作是确保工业生产安全运行的重要基础。在起重机械检验过程中，对无损检测和评价技术的应用越来越普遍，可以满足起重机械检验要求。无损检测技术在应用过程中可以及时发现安全隐患，降低安全事故发生概率。现阶段，对无损检测和评价方法的具体应用现状进行分析，通过分析起重机械检验技术，深入掌握无损检测与评价技术在起重机械检验中的应用要点，为起重机械的全面检验提供有效参考。     

煤矿压风机远程自动控制系统的设计

基于煤矿压风机远程自动控制系统研究现状,以PLC控制技术为基础,结合传感器技术与King SCADA技术为煤矿压风机设计远程自动控制系统。介绍了远程自动控制系统的组成,重点对该系统的硬件部分及软件部分进行设计,并进行工业试验。结果表明：应用该系统可实现对煤矿压风机的远程监测与控制,且该系统运行安全、稳定、可靠、灵敏度高,数据可实现实时更新,能很好地满足煤矿压风机现代化远程自动控制需求,具有较强的推广应用价值。     

连续球压痕测定常用叶轮材料力学性能的研究

分析了连续球压痕法测试材料力学性能的原理,并以不同状态的压缩机叶轮常用钢材FV520B和KMN为对象,采用连续球压痕试验与常规拉伸试验相结合的方法,测定了材料抗拉强度和屈服强度等力学性能。总结出了连续球压痕测量FV520B和KMN屈服强度的拟合方程。论证了连续球压痕试验测定再制造修复后叶轮力学性能的可行性。     

纳米实验力学中的相关测试技术

材料纳观力学特性与纳米材料力学特性的测试是纳米实验力学的基本内容。本文对纳米硬度技术、纳米云纹技术、扫描力显微镜(SFM)技术等主要的几种纳米实验力学测试技术进行概述,然后对目前纳米碳管力学特性试验测试的若干方法进行介绍。     

Modulus characterization of cells with submicron colloidal probes by atomic force microscope

Colloidal probes have been increasingly demanded for the characterization of cellular modulus in atomic force microscope because of their well-defined geometry and large contact area with cell. In this work, submicron colloidal probes are prepared by scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam and compared with sharp tip and micron colloidal probe, in conjunction with loading velocity and indentation depth on the apparent elastic modulus. NIM and cartilage cells are used as specimens. The results show that modulus value measured by sharp tip changes significantly with loading velocity while remains almost stable by colloidal probes. Also, submicron colloidal probe is superior in characterizing the modulus with increasing indentation depth, which could help reveal the mechanical details of cellular membrane and the modulus of the whole cell. To test the submicron colloidal probe further, the modulus distribution map of cell is scanned with submicron colloidal probe of 50 nm radius during small and large indentation depths with high spatial resolution. The outcome of this work will provide the effective submicron colloidal probe according to the effect of loading velocity and indentation depth, characterizing the mechanical properties of the cells.     

铝合金汽车板性能及其应用的研究进展

系统总结并提出了铝合金汽车板材的七种性能要求,以使铝合金汽车板材的研发具有明确目标;介绍了铝合金汽车板的典型化学成分、力学性能及成形性,论述了影响其性能的主要因素,并重点讨论了预处理工艺的影响及其在保证铝合金汽车板性能上的重要性;还介绍了铝合金汽车板的重点研发内容及其应用情况,最后指出降低铝合金汽车板的成本和价格、做好应用研究是今后扩大铝合金汽车板应用的重要工作。     

Extracting local mechanical properties of steel bars by means of instrumented flat indentation

The evaluation of local mechanical properties of metal parts can be used for the prediction of forming and cutting forces during the following working stages. In order to show the feasibility of using indentation tests for work-piece characterization, C40 steel disks were cut from an extruded bar and machined by facing operation under different conditions. Indentation tests were carried out with 1 mm and 2 mm diameter indenters made of tungsten carbide; yield strength and indentation pressure values were extracted along the diameter of each disk. For the first time, indentation results were used to extract local mechanical properties of steel bars as a function of their process conditions: it was observed that small pins gave information on the effect of the machining process whereas large pins were more suitable to evaluate work-piece bulk properties.     

Finite element analysis of spherical indentation to study pile-up/sink-in phenomena in steels and experimental validation

The ball indentation technique based on deforming a material with a spherical indenter is an useful non-destructive tool for evaluating mechanical properties from a very small volume of material. In this work, the indentation test carried out using a 1.0 mm diameter tungsten carbide ball to penetration depths of around 100–200 μm is modeled using finite element (FE) method and analyzed for three steels having different yield stress and strain hardening exponent. The FE generated load–depth curve is compared and verified with the experimental load–depth data for the three materials. The role of the contact friction at the indenter–specimen interface on both the load—depth plot and indentation profile are examined. The development of pile-up/sink-in during indentation and its dependence on strain hardening characteristics of the material, contact friction and indentation depth are analyzed using the FE model. The indentation profiles obtained from simulation are compared with experimental profiles and the implication of pile-up phenomenon on accurate evaluation of stress–strain values from the experimental indentation load–depth data is discussed.     

钢轨缺陷无损检测与评估技术综述

钢轨缺陷的检测对于保障铁路安全具有重要的意义。在研究钢轨无损检测与评估技术的背景下,对国内外采用的钢轨缺陷检测方法进行了全面的综述,包括物理检测方法和机器视觉检测方法。阐述并分析了钢轨缺陷评估方法在机器视觉方面的应用情况,同时对所采用的钢轨无损检测与评估技术进行对比,论述和总结了包括射线检测在内的物理检测及包括图像处理在内的机器视觉检测两类检测方法的差异性。分析和研讨了现代无损检测与评估技术及其在发展中涉及的相关技术问题,并对钢轨缺陷无损检测与评估技术的未来发展给出设想。     

Multipoint indentation for material identification in three-dimensional observation based on serial sectioning

Three-dimensional (3D) observations of internal structures are important for evaluating material properties. Serial sectioning with destructive processes is traditionally employed as a 3D observation method. Identifying the boundaries of elements in microscope images and measuring the mechanical properties of each element are required for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of composite materials. This study provides a system for measuring the local hardness and elastic modulus by conducting indentation tests during serial sectioning processes. An automatic serial sectioning observation was performed during a combination process of precision cutting in high-speed milling with a single-crystal diamond tool and microscopic observation. A Vickers indenter was attached to a tool spindle table, and indentation tests were conducted under a displacement control process at submicron spatial resolution. The indentation modulus was obtained by analyzing the force–displacement profile measured during the unload process. The scale effects relating to the indentation depth in the measurements of the indentation modulus were confirmed for an Al alloy sample measured in this system. This study focused on the identification of components by using hardness information measured under the same indentation depth on a two-dimensional flat surface after precision cutting of the material. Three types of metal wires (1 mm diameter) embedded in plastic resin were used in the experiment. The hardness distributions on the serial sectioning surfaces were measured, and the values measured at each wire area on 3D positions were used for the identification of their material properties. This serial sectioning observation creates a 3D microstructural model including not only microscopic images, but also hardness and elastic modulus information for the identification of components in the microscopic area.     

Size effects in ductile cellular solids. Part I: modeling

In the mechanical testing of metallic foams, an important issue is the effect of the specimen size, relative to the cell size, on the measured properties. Here we analyze size effects for the modulus and strength of regular, hexagonal honeycombs under uniaxial and shear loadings. Size effects for indentation of a honeycomb are evaluated using finite element analysis. Finally, the results for honeycombs are extrapolated to foams. The results are compared with data for metallic foams in the following, companion paper.     

球压痕法评价材料拉伸性能的有限元分析

球压痕法被广泛应用于设备材料真应力应变曲线、屈服强度和抗拉强度等拉伸性能的无损测试。它有望实现对在役设备材料拉伸性能的连续性监控,用于评估在役设备的结构完整性。建立了带有两种不同刚度压头的球压痕试验有限元模型,用于研究不同刚度压头对压痕载荷深度曲线和拉伸性能结果的影响。为了验证模型的有效性,将模拟16MnR材料获得的加载曲线和试验机获得的加载曲线进行对比,对比结果表明,模型能有效地实现球压痕试验的模拟。最后取16MnR和17-7PH两种材料做球压痕试验的有限元模拟,把模拟获得的结果与在试验机上进行常规室温拉伸试验获得的结果进行对比,对比结果表明,球压痕法可以有效测量材料的拉伸性能。