面向6G的新型多址与波形技术

随着互联网终端海量接入,传统正交多址接入（orthogonal multiple access,OMA）技术接入效率低, 5G NR 系统面临拥塞及高时延问题,并且在高速场景下,基于正交频分复用（orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing,OFDM）的系统由于多普勒效应性能严重恶化。为满足6G在高速移动场景下低时延、高可靠、海量接入需求,首先,结合正交时频空间（orthogonal time frequency space,OTFS）和图样分割多址接入（pattern division multiple access,PDMA）技术,提出了一种OTFS-PDMA联合方案;然后,推导PDMA传输码字在时延-多普勒（delay-Doppler,DD）域采用不同分配方式的系统输入-输出关系;最后,提出了一种基于期望传播算法（expectation propagation algorithm,EPA）的低复杂度接收机。仿真结果表明,OTFS-PDMA较传统的OTFS-OMA技术能够显著提升误码率性能;对于规则码本,不同码字分配方案性能相似,而对于非规则码本,发送信号采用集中式扩频优于离散式扩频,且对于离散式扩频,PDMA 扩频信号沿多普勒轴分配,系统可取得较好性能;此外EPA接收机性能优于其他传统接收机。     

面向用户随机分布的NOMA-卫星通信网络性能分析

针对基于正交多址接入(Orthogonal Multiple Access,OMA)技术的卫星通信网络资源利用率低的问题,提出了一种基于功率域非正交多址接入(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)技术的上行链路卫星通信方案。该方案在用户随机分布的前提下,利用最大或受限的发送功率同时同频发送信息给卫星节点,并采用串行干扰消除(Successive Interference Cancellation,SIC)方法提取各用户信息。通过构建用户随机位置信息与波束增益关系,分析了用户分布对系统性能的影响。通过仿真验证了基于NOMA技术的卫星上行通信网络在系统遍历容量方面具有的优势,并分析了关键参数对系统性能的影响。     

基于非正交多址接入中继通信系统的功率优化

针对基于非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的中继通信系统,在兼顾系统性能与计算复杂度的基础上,该文提出一种结合统计信道信息(S-CSI)和瞬时信道信息(I-CSI)的混合功率分配策略(H-PAS)来有效实现上述折中。仿真结果表明,NOMA方案在H-PAS策略下,一方面比单纯利用S-CSI时的传统正交多址接入技术具有更高的频谱效率;另一方面在和速率差别不大的情况下,又比单纯利用I-CSI时的NOMA方案具有更低的信令开销和计算复杂度。     

非正交多址接入无线能量采集协作系统

近年,非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术作为一种应用于5G无线网络的多址接入技术,引起了人们的广泛关注。为了提高NOMA技术的频谱效率、覆盖范围和抗噪性能,并降低系统的能耗,设计了一种基于正交索引调制多址接入(quadrature index modulation multiple access,QIMMA)技术的无线携能(simultaneous wireless information and power transfer,SWIPT)协作网络上行NOMA传输系统,记为协作QIMMA-SWIPT。具体来说,多个远端用户组成一个QIMMA系统,然后通过协作中继的译码转发拓展系统的覆盖范围,并在中继端采用SWIPT技术以便信息在译码的同时进行能量的采集,降低系统的能耗。详细推导了QIMMA-SWIPT系统平均误码率的理论上界,并在频谱效率一定的情况下通过模拟仿真对比分析,得出协作QIMMA-SWIPT系统的误码率性能优于协作IMMA-SWIPT和SCMA-SWIPT系统的结论。此外,深入研究了功率切割因子和信源到中继的距离对系统误码性能的影响。     

基于双向中继和网络编码的NOMA网络性能分析

针对实际场景中存在的具有上下行双向传输任务的通信系统,本文提出了一种双向中继协作非正交多址接入(NOMA, non-orthogonal multiple access)传输方案,基于解码转发(DF, Decode and Forward)协议研究信号的上行和下行双向传输技术,与现有NOMA方案不同,本方案为近端用户分配较大的功率,利用网络编码(NC, network coding)原理在两个时隙内实现基站和用户之间的双向信息交换。进一步考虑不完美信道状态信息(CSI, Channel State Information)条件,分析系统的传输性能并推导了系统中断概率以及遍历和速率闭合表达式。仿真结果表明,在完美CSI和不完美CSI条件下,相比于现有文献所提方案、单向中继(OWR,One-Way Relay)和正交多址(OMA, Orthogonal Multiple Access)网络,本文所提方案有效降低了系统的传输中断概率,提高了系统的遍历和速率以及系统吞吐量。      

面向后5G的非正交多址技术综述

在后5G时代,作为一种候选方案,非正交多址技术(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)正在被5G的演进技术标准讨论,该技术可以满足大规模连接和高吞吐量的要求。阐述了NOMA技术的基本原理、技术提案、性能仿真和潜在的研究方向。首先概述了NOMA技术的发展和原理,比较了NOMA相比于正交多址技术(Orthogonal MultipleAccess,OMA)的优势;根据NOMA技术在资源块(Resource Block,RB)上复用方式的不同,从比特级和符号级的层面讨论了NOMA技术不同的技术路线。其次着重阐述了NOMA技术的仿真实验,以多用户共享接入(Multi-User Shared Access,MUSA)和稀疏码多址接入技术(Sparse Code Multiple Access,SCMA)为例进行了性能分析。最后给出了NOMA在未来的潜在研究方向,包括与多入多出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)结合、与认知无线电结合和全双工NOMA等。     

NOMA系统中利用共轭梯度法的功率分配方案

通过功率分配,5G通信的关键技术——非正交多址（NOMA）实现发射功率域的多用户复用,有效提高了频谱效率。不同的功率分配方案直接影响系统的吞吐量,针对NOMA下行链路现有功率分配算法存在的局部最优问题,提出了一种利用共轭梯度法的最优功率分配方案,采用共轭梯度法求解用户的加权和速率最大化的优化问题。现有理论证明,该方法可以收敛到全局最优解。仿真结果表明,该方法性能优于已有的固定功率分配（FPA）算法和分数阶发射功率分配（FTPA）算法,且此非正交多址（NOMA）系统性能明显优于正交多址（OMA）系统。      

基于NOMA的协作中继网络安全性能分析

由于非正交多址接入(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)能够显著提升系统的频谱资源利用率,在下一代移动通信中得到广泛应用。对NOMA环境下多中继协作网络的最优中继选择方案和系统安全性能进行了分析和讨论,其中包含窃听者仅窃听中继和窃听者同时窃听中继及源节点这2种情况下的系统安全性能表现,并与相同场景下正交多址接入(Orthogonal Multiple Access,OMA)网络进行了对比。最终的理论分析和仿真结果表明,在所提出系统模型中,当信道条件相同时,NOMA网络总能取得相较于OMA网络更好的安全性能,同时随着系统中继节点数目的增多,NOMA网络在物理层安全性能上获得更大的优势。     

基于时延线阵列的毫米波NOMA系统混合预编码设计和功率分配

针对传统毫米波非正交多址接入（NOMA）系统中高精度移相器复杂度高、功耗大的问题,将可进行连续相位调制的低复杂度、低功耗的时延线阵列引入毫米波NOMA系统,研究了该系统能效和谱效。首先,提出一种改进K-means算法对用户进行分组,每组用户采用NOMA技术传输信息;然后,设计了一种基于开关控制时延线阵列的低复杂度混合模拟数字预编码;最后,构建了一个在用户服务质量和系统总功率约束下优化发送功率的能效最大化问题,并提出一种基于Dinkelbach算法和交替优化的两层迭代算法。仿真结果表明,与传统基于移相器的结构相比,所提方案的系统能效和谱效分别提高了32.3%和10.7%。     

基于上行非正交多址接入技术的星空地融合网络性能分析

针对光电混合的星空地融合网络上行链路,该文研究了多天线波束成形技术和上行非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术相结合的系统遍历和速率性能。首先,在无人机采用多天线和上行NOMA技术条件下,为实现系统和速率最大化,提出了一种基于统计信道状态信息的波束成形方案。接着,假设卫星-无人机链路采用自由空间光链路且服从伽马-伽马衰落,无人机-地面用户链路采用射频链路且服从相关瑞利衰落,推导了系统和速率的闭合表达式。最后,通过数值仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。仿真结果表明,与正交多址接入(OMA)方案相比,所提方案提高了系统性能,并且与基准波束成形(BF)方案相比,所提方案具有更好的性能优势。     

Performance analysis of SWIPT-assisted adaptive NOMA/OMA system with hardware impairments and imperfect CSI

This paper investigates the effect of hardware impairments (HIs) and imperfect channel state information (ICSI) on a SWIPT-assisted adaptive nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)/orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system over independent and nonidentical Rayleigh fading channels. In the NOMA mode, the energy-constrained near users act as a relay to improve the performance for the far users. The OMA transmission mode is adopted to avoid a complete outage when NOMA is infeasible. The best user selection scheme is considered to maximize the energy harvested and avoid error propagation. To characterize the performance of the proposed systems, closed-form and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability for both near and far users are studied. Moreover, exact and approximate expressions of the ergodic rate for near and far users are investigated. Simulation results are provided to verify our theoretical analysis and confirm the superiority of the proposed NOMA/OMA scheme in comparison with the conventional NOMA and OMA protocol with/without HIs and ICSI.     

Reducing Near–Far Problem in a VDSL Network with Modified IWF Algorithm by Using Adaptive Spectral Mask Yielding Improved Data Rate of Near End Users

Wireless Personal Communications - In contrast to the orthogonal multiple access (OMA), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was shown to have outstanding performance in terms of spectrum...     

BER Analysis of NOMA with Max-Min Relay Selection

In contrast with orthogonal multiple access(OMA) technologies,non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) technology can achieve higher spectral effi-ciency and suppor...     

Power allocation for downlink multiuser hybrid NOMA‐OMA systems: An auction game approach

Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is viewed as one of the key enabling candidate for the fifth‐generation systems. The effectiveness of such networks heavily relies on the power allocation. This paper addresses the problem of power allocation in a downlink multiuser hybrid NOMA‐orthogonal multiple access (OMA) network, where NOMA is integrated into OMA. Users with strong channel conditions are paired up with the users having weak channel conditions based on a random mechanism. Further, user pairs compete in an auction game for the transmit power being sold by the base station. Bids are placed iteratively by each user pair such that it maximizes their own utility. The existence of a unique Nash equilibrium has been proved theoretically. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher average sum rate of users in comparison with that of the existing algorithms.     

On Multiple Access Using H-ARQ with SIC Techniques for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we consider non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for wireless ad hoc networks over block fading channels where the performance is limited by interference and fading. In order to provide a reasonable performance, we can use re-transmission and interference cancellation techniques. Re-transmission techniques can provide a diversity gain over fading channels, while the successive interference cancellation (SIC) can improve the signal to interference ratio (SIR). Using the information outage probability, we show that the NOMA approach with re-transmissions can perform better than the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) approach with re-transmissions when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is low. It is also shown that the outage probability of the NOMA with SIC is lower than that of OMA when the rate is sufficiently low where SIC can be facilitated.     

Performance analysis of nonorthogonal multiple access‐based underlay cognitive relay network

This paper considers cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in an underlay cognitive radio (CR) network. A single‐cell downlink cooperative NOMA system has been considered for the secondary network, consisting of a base station (BS) and two secondary users, ie, a far user and a near user. The BS employs NOMA signaling to send messages for the two secondary users where the near user is enabled to act as a half‐duplex decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay for the far user. We derive exact expressions for the outage probability experienced by both the users and the outage probability of the secondary system assuming the links to experience independent, nonidentically distributed Rayleigh fading. Further, we analyze the ergodic rates of both the users and the ergodic sum rate of the secondary network. The maximum transmit power constraint of the secondary nodes and the tolerable interference power constraint at the primary receiver are considered for the analysis. Further, the interference caused by the primary transmitter (PT) on the secondary network is also considered for the analysis. The performance of the proposed CR NOMA network has been observed to be significantly better than a CR network that uses conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulation studies.     

Optimal Resource allocation in NOMA‐based M2M communication using Hybrid Rider Optimization with FireFly: Power Saving Strategy of IoT

Nowadays, the Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) principle has utilized for allocating proper radio resources in wireless networks. However, as the count of users rises, OMA‐based approaches may not satisfy the stringent emerging requirements including very low latency, very high spectral efficiency, and massive device connectivity. Moreover, there are significant challenges in cellular‐enabled Machine‐to‐Machine (M2M) communications due to the unique features of M2M‐based applications. In order to overwhelm these challenges, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) principles emerge as a solution to enhance the spectral efficiency while allowing some degree of multiple access interference at receivers. Hence, this paper intends to develop an optimal resource allocation mechanism for M2M communication. Here, the nonlinear energy harvesting performed with the aid of an accessing technology termed as NOMA. The key objective of the proposed resource allocation model is the minimization of the total energy consumption of the network. For attaining the minimized power consumption, the time allocation, and transmission power of NOMA is optimally tuned by a hybrid optimization algorithm. The proposed hybrid algorithm merges the beneficial concepts of Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and FireFly (FF) algorithm and implements a new algorithm termed as FireFly Modified Bypass‐based Rider Optimization Algorithm (FMB‐ROA). Finally, the analysis of total energy concerning various constraints validates the performance of the proposed model over conventional models.     

Secrecy analysis of a cooperative NOMA network using an EH untrusted relay

In this paper, a down-link non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) using Energy-Harvesting untrusted relays is investigated. These relaying nodes use in this study use a power-switching architecture to harvest energy from the sources signals and apply an amplify-and-forward protocol to forward the signals. In addition, transmit jamming or artificial noise, is generated by a source node to improve the security of the system and protect confidential source information from untrusted relays. Likewise, three relaying selection strategies are employed to examine the secrecy performance of the proposed system. In order to evaluate the performance evaluation of the proposed system, closed-form expressions of the Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) are studied over Rayleigh fading channels and a Monte Carlo simulation is used to confirm the analytical results. Furthermore, we study the effects of various parameters, such as power allocation factors, relay node selection, the number of relays, energy harvesting efficiency and the location of relay nodes on the secure outage performances for two users of NOMA system and conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). These results show that NOMA offers the better security performance with multiple users.