球磨工艺对铜基摩擦材料混合料的影响Ⅰ:对粒度分布的影响

采用单因素试验方法,研究了行星式球磨工艺参数如球料比、球磨时间、磨球直径、醇料比等对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料混合料粒度分布的影响规律。结果表明,随球料比的增加,混合料的平均粒径不断减小,球料比为15∶1时,混合料的平均粒径最小,为1.345μm;球磨时间对混合料平均粒径的影响规律是随着球磨时间的增加混合料平均粒径先减小后增大;一定范围内的醇料比在湿磨过程中对研磨效率影响不大;相比于刚玉磨球,钢质磨球对于混合料的研磨效率更好。     

TiH_2/SiC粉末搅拌球磨及真空烧结制备超细晶钛

对TiH2/SiC混合粉末进行搅拌球磨,然后通过压制与真空烧结制备金属钛,研究球料比、球磨转速及球磨时间等工艺参数对球磨粉末粒度与显微组织的影响,并通过对烧结钛的组织观察与分析,研究此工艺制备超细晶钛的可行性。结果表明:适度提高转速或延长球磨时间有利于TiH2粉末的高效细化并提高粉末粒度分布的集中度;在球磨过程中没有发现TiH2分解和形成其他新相的现象;随球磨粉末的中位径D50和粒度跨度值ψ减小,烧结金属钛的晶粒度变得更小、更均匀。在600r/min转速下搅拌球磨8h后的TiH2/SiC粉末,在1050℃/3h条件下高真空烧结后得到平均晶粒度在5μm以下的超细晶钛。     

机械合金化制备Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层及其性能研究

通过机械合金化在室温下于304不锈钢表面成功制得Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层。通过相关实验分析了复合涂层的组织形貌、显微硬度及高温氧化性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的增加,涂层厚度先增加后减小;当球磨时间为8h时,涂层最为致密,平均厚度约为200μm;当球磨时间为14h时,涂层部分剥落,涂层厚度减小。涂层的显微硬度明显高于基体,且从表层到基体呈梯度下降,最高显微硬度值达HV0.1525,为基体硬度的2倍多。Al-Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能良好。     

球磨工艺对制备超细WC粉末的影响

通过对粉体粒径和微观形貌的分析,作者研究了球磨过程中球料比、转速、球磨时间和分散剂PEG对WC粉体(D_(FSSS)=2μm)的影响.实验在行星式高能球磨机上进行,采用湿法球磨,以无水乙醇为介质方式.结果表明,球料比过高将导致粉体不均匀化加剧,球料比由5∶1增加至10∶1,粒径降低约30%;提高转速可显著增大球磨效率,从150增加至250 r/min,粉体粒径减小约43%;随着球磨时间的延长,球磨效率逐渐降低,球磨前期效率较高,球磨8 h后粉体粒径细化约73%;然而,WC粉体在球磨12 h后发生团聚.添加PEG可明显达到分散效果,粉体粒径也相对较小.PEG/WC粉体经傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析,表明PEG在球磨过程中会逐渐反应裂解,研磨24 h后添加PEG将无分散效果.     

机械涂覆法制备氧化锆球Ni涂层

为了研究转速和时间对机械涂覆法制备Ni涂层的影响，以金属Ni粉为涂覆原料、氧化锆(ZrO₂)陶瓷球为涂覆基底制备Ni涂层。通过涂覆后陶瓷球的增重量来表征涂层的厚度，采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析表征涂层的结构和成份。结果表明，随着转速提高，球磨初期涂层的厚度逐渐增加，持续球磨，涂层厚度反而开始降低。转速240 r·min^-1、球磨15 h的涂覆效果最佳，涂层平均厚度约为20μm。Ni涂层厚度经历了增厚和减薄两个阶段，转速会影响二者出现的进度，适当提高转速利于涂层加厚，提高工艺效率，但过高的转速不利涂层形成。     

两种高能球磨机制备Fe-Si合金磁粉的对比

分别采用行星球磨机和振动球磨机制备了Fe-6.5%Si合金磁粉.讨论了球磨时间、球料比、干、湿磨等因素对颗粒细化的影响.结果表明:颗粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而减小,湿磨可缩短球磨时间、提高球磨效率;同等条件下,振动机的球磨效率大于行星球磨机的球磨效率.     

球磨工艺对Co-Cr-W合金粉末性能的影响

采用球磨法制备Co-Cr-W合金粉末,研究球磨时间(0,5,10,15,20,25 h)对该合金粉末性能的影响。利用XRD和SEM等方法对不同球磨时间合金粉末的晶粒尺寸、微观应变和微观形貌进行分析,并测定烧结后合金的密度、硬度和抗弯强度变化。结果表明:在球磨转速为300 r/min,球料质量比为10:1的条件下,在球磨初期粉末颗粒明显细化,粉末出现片状形貌;随球磨时间继续增加,粉末粒度先增大后减小,晶粒尺寸不断减小,并在球磨20 h后这种变化趋于平稳。随球磨时间延长,微观应变和合金硬度也明显提高。     

包裹型SiO2/Al复合粉体的制备及烧结性能研究

为了克服金属陶瓷两相分布不均、界面不润湿和难以烧结致密等难题,采用球磨技术将增强相均匀包裹在基体材料表面,研究包裹型SiO₂/Al复合粉体的球磨制备工艺及其烧结性能,提高金属陶瓷的综合性能。结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,SiO₂/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小,球磨6 h获得的复合粉体比表面积最大,达到8.1 m2·g?1。随着球料比的增大,SiO₂/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小,说明SiO₂包裹在Al粉表面的量呈现先增多再减少的趋势。随着球磨转速的增大,SiO₂/Al复合粉体比表面积先增大后减小。随着烧结温度的提高,SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷表面硬度先增高后降低,在烧结温度为900 ℃时,SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷的表面硬度达到最高。球磨时间为6 h,球料比为2:1,球磨转速为360 r·min?1,烧结温度900 ℃可以获得性能较佳的SiO₂/Al金属陶瓷。     

机械合金化工艺对高硅铝合金混合粉体粒径及形貌的影响

通过单因素和正交实验系统地研究在机械合金化过程中研磨体、研磨介质及球磨工艺参数等因素对高硅铝合金混合粉末粒径及形貌的影响作用.结果表明:球磨转速对机械合金化后粉末粒径有显著影响,且随着球磨转速的增加,粉末的中粒径逐渐增大和粒度的分布范围逐渐变宽、均匀性越差;在本实验条件下,采用聚氨酯球为研磨体、酒精为研磨介质、球磨时间12 h、球磨转速150 r/min、球料比15∶1条件下进行机械合金化可获得中粒径为5.78 μm且分布均匀的高硅铝合金混合粉体.     

湿法球磨工艺参数对硅酸锆平均粒度的影响

对锆英砂湿法球磨加工中存在的问题进行了概述和分析,研究了湿法球磨中的球磨机转速、研磨时间、浆料浓度、填充率、球料比等工艺参数对硅酸锆的平均粒度的影响规律。研究结果表明,增加球磨机的转速,延长球磨时间,都会使研磨出的硅酸锆粒度变得更小,且硅酸锆平均粒度变化曲线都呈初期变化大,超过拐点后变化减缓的趋势。填充率和浆料浓度对硅酸锆平均粒度的影响类似,随着填充率或浆料浓度的不断增加,研磨出来的硅酸锆粒度越小,但总体上下降幅度不大,其变化幅度的差别主要来自于罐中水和空气的比例不同。球料比对硅酸锆的平均粒度影响显著,当球料比在2∶1到6∶1的范围内变化时,随着球料比增大,研磨出来的硅酸锆的平均粒度由6.55μm下降到1.82μm。     

Boriding of titanium OT4 from powder saturating media

The possibility of application of boriding media based on boron carbide—which additionally contain chromium, titanium, and silicon—for the diffusion hardening of titanium alloys is considered. Boriding in amorphous boron is performed for comparison. The microstructure, elemental composition, and phase composition of diffusion coatings on the OT4 titanium alloy formed by saturation in powder media are investigated. Hardening boride layers are formed on the titanium alloy form saturating media based on amorphous boron and multicomponent mixtures based on boron carbide. In all cases, the phase composition of the coating corresponds to phases TiB, Ti₂B₅, and Fe₂Ti. It is revealed that coatings from 30 to 150 μm thick are formed in conditions of the solid-phase saturation of titanium from powder mixtures due to the diffusion. Temperature-temporal conditions of formation of boride layers on OT4 titanium from powder saturating media are investigated and optimal modes for the formation of operable boride coatings are established. The optimal temperature range for processes of chemical-thermal boriding of titanium (900–1150°C) and saturation time (from 2.5 to 5 h) are determined. The maximal thickness of the operable boride coating on the OT4 titanium alloy is established, being from 180 μm in the case of saturation from B_amorph and up to 240 μm for the 50% B₄C + 20% SiC + 25% CrB₂ + 5% NaCl mixture at 950°C and saturation time of 4 h. Herewith, it should be noted that it was considered that the largest coating thickness is that retaining on the hardened sample surface.     

Composition,structure, and properties of SHS-compacted cathodes of the Ti-C-Al-Si system and vacuum-arc coatings obtained from them

The phase composition, structure, and properties of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)-compacted materials of the Ti-C-Al-Si system are investigated. It is shown that metal-like titanium compounds can be used as cathodes for vacuum-arc evaporators. The coatings fabricated from SHS cathodes are single-phase and represent cubic titanium nitride of the (Ti, Al, Si)N composition. The volume of a microdrop phase in them is smaller by a factor of 2.5–3.0 as compared with TiN, while their microstructure is not fragmented into low-strength columnar elements; the CSR size is twice smaller than that of titanium nitride. Being approximately identically hard, the (Ti, Al, Si)N coatings substantially surpass TiN coatings in elastic and plastic failure resistance due to the lower elasticity modulus. When milling the tungsten-copper alloy, the hardness of hard-alloy milling cutters with the (Ti, Al, Si)N coating is higher by a factor of 2.4 than with the TiN coating fabricated from the titanium cathode with the magnetic plasma flow separation.     

PECVD法原位渗氮表面改性钛双极板的性能

为了提升钛双极板的导电性和耐腐蚀性,利用氮气等离子体原位渗氮法对钛片(TA2)进行表面改性,制备了系列氮化钛涂层,系统研究了反应温度和渗氮时间对涂层表面形貌、疏水性、界面导电性和耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,温度过高会导致氮化钛生长过快,颗粒尺寸较大;温度较低不利于表面反应,涂层不能完全覆盖钛基底;渗氮时间较短,表面生成不规则的纳米生长核,致使涂层不平整、钛基底裸露;渗氮时间过长,涂层呈阶梯堆垛状,平整度降低.650°C下渗氮90 min制备的氮化钛涂层(TiN-650-90)均匀平整,组成为TiN0.26;TiN-650-90的水接触角提升至105.4°,表面疏水性有利于改善燃料电池的水管理性能;界面接触电阻(ICR)随加载压力增大而降低,2.75 MPa时TiN-650-90的ICR稳定至6.5 mΩ·cm²,满足美国能源部(DOE)要求(≤10 mΩ·cm²);TiN-650-90的腐蚀电流密度为0.56μA·cm^–2,–0.1 V恒电位下的电流密度为0.67μA·cm^–2,耐腐性和稳定性较钛的明...     

Properties of nanolayer erosion-resistant coatings based on metal carbides and nitrides

Vacuum-arc ion-assisted deposition is used to form nanolayer protective 2D coatings based on the nitrides or carbides of titanium and chromium, vanadium carbide, and aluminum nitride with a layer thickness of 5–80 nm and a total thickness up to 25 μm. The phase composition of the coatings is studied after deposition and tests. Titanium alloy VT1-0 (EP866 steel)-nanolayer coating compositions are subjected to hot-strength and rapid cyclic corrosion tests, and the erosion resistance of the 2D nanolayer coatings in a dust-air flux (the average fraction of quartz sand is 300–350 μm) is studied. Among the 2D nanolayer coatings on titanium and steel substrates, a composition of VT1-0 alloy with a TiN/CrN coating at a nanolayer thickness of 60–70 nm and a total thickness of 19 μm has the maximum erosion resistance. The erosion resistance of the TiN/CrN coating is shown to decrease with decreasing nanolayer thickness, and it has a high thermal stability after holding at 700°C for 100 h.     

电镀Cr涂层对TC4钛合金燃烧性能的影响

通过对镀有不同厚度（0、15、30、60 μm）Cr涂层的TC4钛合金在不同氧压下进行的富氧点燃试验,研究了镀Cr层厚度对TC4钛合金燃烧性能的影响规律,并通过扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscope, SEM）、能谱分析（Energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS）和X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction, XRD）等手段进行显微组织分析。结果表明:当Cr层厚度为15 μm和30 μm时,对TC4的燃烧临界氧压无明显影响,而Cr层厚度增加到60 μm时,可将TC4的燃烧临界氧压由0.07 MPa提高至0.15 MPa。同时,燃烧速率随Cr层厚度的增加而降低,说明Cr层厚度的增加能有效抑制火焰传播速度。其作用机理可能是在燃烧的过程中,表层Cr元素通过固相扩散、熔化等方式进入熔池,与合金中的Al、V元素共同析出,形成了弥散分布的富Cr、Al、V相,并减少了Al与O的结合,对O元素的扩散有阻碍作用,从而降低了燃烧速率。      

镀层对金刚石/玻璃复合材料性能的影响

为满足现代电子工业日益增长的散热需求,急需研究和开发新型高导热陶瓷（玻璃）基复合材料,而改善复合材料中增强相与基体的界面结合状况是提高复合材料热导率的重要途径.本文在对金刚石和镀Cr金刚石进行镀Cu和控制氧化的基础上,利用放电等离子烧结方法制备了不同的金刚石增强玻璃基复合材料,并观察了其微观形貌和界面结合状况,测定了复合材料的热导率.实验结果表明:复合材料中金刚石颗粒均匀分布于玻璃基体中,Cu/金刚石界面和Cr/Cu界面分别是两种复合材料中结合最弱的界面;复合材料的热导率随着金刚石体积分数的增加而增加;金刚石/玻璃复合材料的热导率随着镀Cu层厚度的增加而降低,由于镀Cr层实现了与金刚石的化学结合以及Cr在Cu层中的扩散,镀Cr金刚石/玻璃复合材料的热导率随着镀Cu层厚度的增加而增加.当金刚石粒径为100μm、体积分数为70%及镀Cu层厚度为约1.59μm时,复合材料的热导率最高达到约91.0 W·m-1·K-1.      

球磨工艺对MoSi2机械合金化过程的影响

通过对Mb、Si混合粉末的机械球磨,研究了球磨工艺对MOSi2机械合金化过程的影响。结果表明,在球料比均为5：1、10：1的情况下,采用硬质合金球体球磨Mo、Si混合粉末比采用不锈钢球体球磨易于生成MoSi2(t);而在球料比为20：1时,采用硬质合金球体球磨Mo、Si混合粉末与采用不锈钢球体球磨生成MoSi2（t）的时间相当。     

NiCrAl/ 膨润土阻燃封严复合涂层的 制备对钛合金基体性能的影响

NiCrAl/膨润土是一种可用于航空发动机的中高温封严涂层材料,同时具有一定的阻燃作用,广泛应用于钛合金部件阻燃涂层。本文采用等离子喷涂和火焰喷涂在Ti40钛合金基体材料上制备了NiCrAl+YSZ+NiCrAl/膨润土复合涂层,厚度为2mm,并研究了复合涂层的热喷涂制备过程对钛合金基材组织和基本力学性能的影响。结果表明,NiCrAl/膨润土复合涂层体系对Ti40钛合金基体的组织和力学性能基本无影响,可采用大气等离子喷涂和火焰喷涂制备复合功能涂层的方法对Ti40合金进行防护。     

The stability behaviour of hard material coatings on alloyed steel substrates

The stability behaviour of hard material coatings made by CVD on different alloyed and carbon steel substrates depends on the properties of both substrate and coating. SEM in-situ investigations on the tension loaded surface of bended samples may be used to observe crack nucleation and growth in brittle hard material coatings such as TiC, TiCN on low alloyed and carbon steels. From the crack distance distributions some important parameters of mechanical stability such as the threshold value of fracture σ_th, the Weibull-parameter β and the ratio of the strength distribution function F and a characteristic length D may be estimated. The threshold value for fracture in the coatings σ_th decreases with increasing coating thickness for all steel-coating combinations. The threshold value also decreases if a heat treatment is made on the steel-coating system. This is due to the relaxation of the internal stress in the coating. The mean strength of the TiC-coatings decreases and the strength variance (measured by the Weibull-parameter β) increases with increasing coating thickness and therefore the mechanical stability of coatings decreases with growing thickness. The ratio of the strength distribution function F and the characteristic distance between defects D as a measure of crack density depends on the deformation behaviour of the steel as well as on the strength and the defect structure of the coating.     

球磨参数对Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9产物微观结构的影响

研究了机械合金化法制备Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶先驱体的可行性,测试了不同球磨参数对Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9球磨产物微观结构的影响。试验结果表明:转速、球磨时间、球磨方式、球料比和原料对产物的微观结构有明显的影响。高转速、连续球磨更有利于生成Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶相;使用Fe Nb粉和Fe B粉分别代替Nb粉和B粉不利于非晶相的生成;延长球磨时间不一定对非晶化有利,还有可能引入杂质;大的球料比更有利于非晶相的生成。