创意材料——泡沫铝

正泡沫铝是一种由铝或铝合金基体与气孔复合而成的新型轻质功能-结构一体化材料。这种特殊结构决定了其轻质性、高孔隙率、高比表面积等特点,由此获得许多致密金属所不具有的优良特性,如很强的能量吸收性、抗冲击性、高比强度、电磁屏蔽、吸声性能、高阻尼性、低热导率、低电导率等。泡沫铝的性能主要取决于孔隙率、孔径、通孔率、孔结构类型、比表面积等孔结构参数及金属基体。     

泡沫铝材料的研究与应用

泡沫金属具有实体金属不具备的热、声、轻质、能量吸收等优异性能,成为一种新型结构功能材料.被誉为"金属明星"的多孔泡沫铝材料是目前研究最为热门、最具应用潜力的泡沫金属,具有密度小、耐高温、抗腐蚀、不易燃、耐候性好、导热率低、电磁屏蔽强、吸能降噪等优异性能,被广泛应用在汽车工业、航空航天、建筑工业等工程领域.本文综述了泡沫...     

“泡沫铝”材料的性能特征及其在汽车工业的应用

作为新型结构功能材料的泡沫金属在力学、热学、声学、吸能等方面具有十分优异的性能。而"泡沫铝"是最具应用潜力的泡沫金属之一,被誉为"金属之星",已成为当前功能材料领域的研究热点。"泡沫铝"具有质轻、耐高温、抗腐蚀、不易燃、耐候性好、电磁屏蔽强、吸能降噪等系列优异性能,作为结构材料和功能材料广泛应用于工程技术领域。本文重点概述了泡沫铝的性能、制备工艺及其在汽车工业上的应用。     

闭孔金属基复合泡沫材料制备技术研究进展

闭孔金属基复合泡沫材料是一种新型多孔复合材料,主要以空心微球和基体粉末为原料,将空心微球填充到金属或合金基体中复合而成;因其具有轻质、高强、良好的阻尼、吸能、隔热、隔音及电磁屏蔽等诸多优异性能,在减震、缓冲阻尼及防撞击等相关领域具有广泛的应用价值。本文主要介绍了利用空心微球制备闭孔金属基复合泡沫材料的方法,总结了其制备过程中存在的问题,并概述了闭孔金属基复合泡沫材料的应用。     

多孔泡沫金属的制备方法与应用前景

多孔泡沫金属是一种由金属基体和气孔组成的新型多功能复合材料，由于其具有很多其他金属材料所没有的良好性能，因此得到了愈来愈多的关注和研究兴趣。本文介绍了多孔泡沫金属的性能、用途及几种制备方法，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

泡沫铝主要特征性能研究

对新型的功能材料泡沫铝的性能和工业应用作了介绍,当前泡沫铝的研究主要集中在力学,隔热,声学,电磁屏蔽等方面,并证明泡沫铝是优秀的动能吸收材料,散热阻燃材料,隔声降噪材料以及电磁屏蔽材料,因此泡沫铝可作为良好的功能材料在生产建设中广泛应用;     

泡沫铝主要性能特征研究及工业应用

本文对新型功能材料泡沫铝的性能和工业应用作了介绍。当前泡沫铝的研究主要集中在力学、隔热、声学、电磁屏蔽等方面,并证明泡沫铝是优秀的动能吸收材料、散热阻燃材料、隔声降噪材料以及电磁屏蔽材料,因此泡沫铝可作为良好的新型材料在生产建设中广泛应用。     

泡沫铝粉末冶金制备工艺研究

泡沫铝是铝基金属材料在发泡剂释放出的大量气泡作用下形成多孔隙结构的新型复合材料。由于其高孔隙率、低密度的独特结构特点,使泡沫铝拥有传统材料难以比拟的功能特性,比如:良好的减振、隔音、抗冲击、吸能及电磁屏蔽等,因而被作为结构、功能一体化材料,广泛地应用于建筑、交通、国防、航运、航天等众多领域,同时,有关泡沫铝制备工艺的相关研究也成为冶金领域研究的重要课题之一。为此,本文基于粉末冶金法,在对泡沫铝粉末冶金制备工艺进行分析的基础上,在泡沫铝发泡试验中采用工艺参数控制方法,研究了发泡剂、发泡温度、发泡时间及添加剂等因素对泡沫铝发泡行为及其制品性能的影响。     

泡沫铝材料的制备技术及其应用研究概述

简单介绍了泡沫铝材料的特性和发展进程,作为一种新型功能-结构金属复合材料,具有优异的综合性能和良好的应用前景。综述了泡沫铝材料的分类,分析了闭孔和开孔泡沫铝的制备方法和制备原理。并结合当前泡沫铝材料国内外最新研究进展以及在各个领域的应用情况,对未来研究发展的重点和趋势进行简要分析。     

通孔泡沫铝填补国内空白

由淮北市虹波泡沫金属材料有限公司与中科院固体物理所合作开发的通孔泡沫铝产品 ,其空隙率高、表面积大、密度低 ,具有良好的吸音、缓冲、电磁屏蔽性能 ,平均降噪系数、电磁屏蔽性能、密度、能量吸收率等指标与目前具有国际先进水平的日本相同。经专家鉴定和查新结果表明 :该产品填补了国内工业化的空白 ,生产技术有独到之处 ,主要性能指标处于国内领先水平。通孔泡沫铝是将熔融铝渗入预制三维网状骨架中 ,经冷却、加工制成的一种高空隙率、宏孔、多孔材料 ,不仅具有优良的机械阻尼、消声降噪和电磁屏蔽等特性 ,而且具有质轻、坚固、耐热、…     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究及应用

铝基复合材料具有比重小、强度大、弹性模量高、耐磨及尺寸稳定等优良综合性能，在航空、航天、汽车等现代技术领域有着极其广阔的应用前景。据此。介绍了铝基复合材料的性能特点、制备方法、应用领域和发展方向。     

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的研究现状

摘要：碳纤维增强铝基复合材料同时具备了增强材料和金属材料的优良特性,具有高强度、高模量、高耐磨性等特征,并且可以在导热、导电和高温下提供高强度、高弹性系数和高尺寸强度,在航空航天、汽车等行业的应用方面表现出巨大的发展空间。介绍了几种制备碳纤维增强铝基复合材料方法,从制备工艺、微观组织、力学性能等方面评述了制备的关键问题和研究现状,对界面反应、润湿性、分散性和浸渗问题进行了分析,并展望了碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的研究和发展趋势。     

Blast Testing of Aluminum Foam–Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Aluminum foam is a newly developed mobile and lightweight material with excellent energy absorption capacities. Applying aluminum foam as a sacrificial protection layer on the bearing faces of protected structures can mitigate blast effects on the resistance capacities of structures against impact or blast loading. The aluminum foam undergoes great plastic deformation under transient dynamic loads before becoming fully densified, making it excellent for mitigating blast effects on these structures. In this paper, we conducted quasi-static testing on two types of aluminum foam specimens and obtained the primary parameters for the mechanical properties of aluminum foam specimens. We then used these two types of aluminum foams to protect the reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, and we conducted a series of tests to investigate the performance of the aluminum foam–protected RC slabs against blast loads. We tested a total of five foam-protected slabs and one control RC slab in the blast test program. The test results, including displacement and acceleration histories, performance of specimens, and maximum and permanent deflections, were fully reported. We then discussed the efficiency of aluminum foam to mitigate blast loads on protected RC slabs.     

添加升华性造孔剂的放电等离子法制备多孔铝块体材料

为解决高孔隙率多孔金属材料制备过程中的污染问题,以升华性萘颗粒为造孔剂,采用放电等离子脉冲烧结法(SPS)进行多孔铝块体材料的制备。结果表明,升华性造孔剂可在实现多孔铝材料高孔隙率的同时,有效提高其洁净度。采用该方法在350℃时可以制备出结构与尺寸可控性好、开孔效果好、孔隙率(63.33%)较高、粉体颗粒无明显长大的多孔金属铝块体材料。升华性造孔剂可对孔隙体积进行有效调节,实现多孔铝材料体内小孔与大孔的合理搭配,进一步改善多孔铝材料孔隙之间的连通性,该方法与SPS烧结技术相结合后,对于开孔性与颗粒连接性要求较高的多孔金属材料制备具有技术优势。     

回收工艺对再生铝合金性能影响述评

铝合金因其密度小、强度高、耐腐蚀、加工性能好的优点,已经成为工业应用第二大金属材料。随着原铝产量下降和现役铝合金材料使用年限逐渐到期,具有节约矿产与能源、经济社会效益高、可持续发展等特点的再生铝产业逐渐受到关注。然而,经过回收再生的铝材由于成分混杂等原因,性能往往有所下降。因此提升再生铝合金性能的方法成为相关领域研究的重点。文中介绍了近年来国内外有关提升再生铝合金性能方法的研究进展,对废铝预处理、合金成分调配、熔体精炼、热加工工艺的发展进行了总结,概述了提升固态回收再生铝合金性能的最新研究进展,并对再生铝技术的发展提出展望。      

Mathematical Model to Estimate the Rate Parameters and Thermal Efficiency for the Reduction of Iron Ore–Coal Composite Pellets in Multi-layer Bed at Rotary Hearth Furnace

Aluminium foams have become popular because of their properties such as high stiffness combined with very low density. The aluminium foams are being used in many applications like automobiles, railways, aerospace, ship building, household applications etc. The development of foam with consistent quality and study of foam structure–property relation is important for both scientific and industrial applications. Metallic foams are commonly produced using hydride and carbonates foaming agents. However carbonate foaming agents are safer to handle than hydrides and produce aluminum foam with a fine, homogenous cell structure, low cost and easily available. The number of pores per inch and relative density of the foam play an important role on their physical and mechanical properties. Hence it is very important to investigate effect of grain size of calcium carbonate foaming agent on pores per inch and relative density. The present work deals with the effect of grain size of the calcium carbonate forming agent on the physical properties of an eutectic Al–Si alloy closed cell foam. The foam was produced with different grain size of calcium carbonate (150, 106, 75, 53 µm) as a foaming agent. The pores per inch and density of the foam produced with different grain size of calcium carbonates as foaming agent are determined. Relative density is in the range of 0.21–0.34, pores per inch is in the range of 11–20 for the produced eutectic Al–Si alloy closed cell foam. It is observed that as grain size of calcium carbonate used for production of aluminium foam increases, the number of pores per inch decreases, relative density decreases and porosity increases.     

Deformation Behavior Estimation of Aluminum Foam by X-ray CT Image-based Finite Element Analysis

Aluminum foam is a lightweight material owing to the existence of a large number of internal pores. The compressive properties and deformation behavior of aluminum foam are considered to be directly affected by the shape and distribution of these pores. In this study, we performed image-based finite element (FE) analyses of aluminum foam using X-ray computed tomography (CT) images and investigated the possibility of predicting its deformation behavior by comparing the results of FE analyses with those of actual compressive tests. We found that it was possible to create an analytic model reflecting the three-dimensional (3D) pore structure using image-based modeling based on X-ray CT images. The stress distribution obtained from image-based FE analysis correctly indicates the layer where deformation first occurs as observed in actual compressive tests. Also, by calculating the mean stress of each plane perpendicular to the direction of compression based on the stress distribution obtained from image-based FE analysis, it was found that deformation begins in the layer containing the plane with maximum stress. It was thus possible to estimate the layer where deformation begins during the compression of aluminum foam.