基于激光加热的微塑性成形系统的研究

针对难成形微器件的成形要求,研制了基于激光辅助加热的微塑性成形系统.该系统装置将激光直接加载于难成形的微小工件材料表面,利用激光热作用对工件的非接触式加热和热传导,以便实现微温塑性成形.该系统的加工工艺简单,一致性好,易于实现批量化生产.     

金属微弯曲成形方法的研究

介绍微弯曲成形方法——激光微弯曲成形以及塑性微成形方法。并提出了激光辅助加热微弯曲成形方法。即激光辅助加热待加工件使其达到合适的温度范围后进行微弯曲成形的方法，提高难成形材料的微塑性成形能力和质量。     

激光微成形技术的研究及应用

激光微成形作为一种柔性精密加工技术已经成为微塑性成形领域的研究热点,其成形的材料广和效果高,能在一定程度上克服传统微塑性成形中的尺寸效应.分别阐述了激光微弯曲成形、激光微冲击成形和激光辅助加热微成形等几种典型的微成形技术,分析了各自的加工机理及技术特点,讨论影响成形精度的主要因素,介绍了国内外激光微成形技术在精密成形和精确校形方面的应用研究进展,最后展望了激光微成形技术的发展前景.     

激光间接冲击下钛箔的微成形特性

采用具有高应变率加载特征的激光驱动飞片间接冲击微成形技术对钛箔进行了微成形实验,以解决难成形材料的微塑性成形问题。从飞片完整性、工件贴模性以及厚度减薄率等方面探究了该工艺的成形性能。实验中采用微细电火花和曲面研磨技术制造微模具,材料为AISI 1090模具钢,飞片为20μm的钛箔,成形工件为35μm的钛箔。通过KEYENCE VHX-1000C超景深显微系统对飞片和工件进行了观测和分析,结果显示:飞片具有较好的完整性,能够提供均匀的冲击压力;成形后的工件具有良好的表面质量和贴模性。借助冷镶嵌工艺测量了工件的厚度分布,分析了工件厚度减薄率,其最大值为19.8%,最小值为2%,显示工件的厚度分布比较均匀。研究表明:激光间接冲击微成形技术对于难成形材料具有良好的成形效果并且能有效抑制厚度减薄。     

钛箔材激光微弯曲成形过程有限元模拟

激光弯曲成形是一种利用激光成形工件的柔性成形技术.建立了钛箔激光微弯曲成形的三维热力耦合有限元模型,采用大型非线性有限元软件ANSYS对其激光微弯曲过程进行了有限元模拟.通过模拟计算得到了钛箔激光微弯曲过程的温度场和位移场分布.结果表明:钛箔上下表面存在温度梯度,但由于钛箔厚度薄,热传导迅速,导致其z向位移出现波动.     

激光冲击软模大面积微弯曲成形方法

为了实现金属箔板大面积微弯曲成形,本文结合激光冲击微弯曲成形技术与软模成形技术的优点,提出了激光冲击软模大面积微弯曲成形方法。 该方法是在脉冲激光冲击波压力下,将软模作为柔性冲头作用于金属箔板来实现工件成形的。实验中使用了Innolas Gmbit公司生产的Spitlight 2000 THG脉冲激光器,将250 μm厚的聚氨酯橡胶薄膜作为软模,采用德国LPKF-ProtoMat-C60型雕刻机在印刷电路板上加工出深度为120 μm的U型多槽模具,实现了在厚度为30 μm的铜箔板上一次性对3个U型凹槽冲击成形。用KEYENCE VHX-1000C超景深三维显微系统进行工件观测,结果显示工件上的微成形槽具有良好的轮廓质量。以ANSYS/LS-DYNA为平台,使用有限元建模（FEM）方法对微弯曲过程进行了数值模拟。实验和模拟结果均表明,加载软模的工件与模具的U型凹槽特征在形状上更加接近,成形工件更加均匀,而且具有较好的表面质量,其最大平均成形深度可达110 μm,大于激光直接冲击成形的最大深度（88 μm）,说明使用软模提高了充型能力。     

大型薄壁件熔融成形数值计算与工艺实验研究

针对熔融挤出成形大型薄壁件时易出现变形、开裂的问题,提出采用激光束对成形区进行辅助加热以提高成形质量和精度。采用计算流体动力学方法建立熔融挤出成形过程数值计算模型,对熔融挤出成形特征区域温度历程及三维形貌特征进行分析与实验验证。研究了成形速度、激光功率、激光辅助加热方式对成形区聚合物熔体表面温度及粘度的影响。研究结果表明采用侧向激光辅助加热方式比前后置激光辅助加热方式对粘接区域表面温度提升更高;采用激光辅助加热显著提高了薄壁件抗拉强度,其最大提高幅度可达195%;采用激光辅助加热后,成形件表面粗糙度有所降低,层间粘接宽度比先前提高近24%。     

激光熔覆成形金属零件中微裂纹的减少和消除

激光熔覆成形技术是近年来发展起来的一种新的快速原型制造技术,该技术将快速原型制造技术和激光熔覆表面强化技术相结合,既保留了快速原型制造技术中能够快速制造复杂零件的特点,又具有成形零件性能优良、组织结构致密的优点,是快速原型制造技术中一个重要的发展方向.激光熔覆成形技术的一个亟待解决的问题是成形零件中的微裂纹问题,通过理论分析激光熔覆成形技术和激光熔覆表面强化技术之间的区别,找到了减少和消除激光熔覆成形金属零件中产生微裂纹的一个突破点,这就是激光熔覆成形中的基体材料.对多种基体材料及其预热温度和多种合金粉末材料进行了试验研究,重点研究基体材料对激光熔覆成形零件过程中微裂纹的影响,获得了激光熔覆成形的金属试样.通过理论分析和试验研究,得出以下结论在适当选择基体材料及其预热温度和合金粉末的条件下,完全能够减少和消除激光熔覆成形过程中产生的微裂纹.     

基于CO2激光的微纳光纤熔接技术研究

为了解决微纳光纤之间的结构稳定性差的问题,使用CO_2激光作为加热源,加热两根重叠在一起的微纳光纤,并在显微镜下观察其熔接情况,最终将两根微纳光纤熔接成一根,而且熔接点的光纤表面光滑,直径均匀。通过CO_2激光加热的方法,实现了微纳光纤高质量的熔接,增加了微纳光纤之间的机械稳定性,使其更容易制作出纳米光子器件。     

准分子激光微细加工微锥体的旋转抛磨加工法

介绍了一种采用准分子激光进行微细加工微锥体技术的新方法，并利用该方法在有机玻璃上制作质谱分离芯片电喷尖的实验。该方法借鉴了传统机械加工中车削的概念，但实质上依靠非接触的激光冷加工技术实现，是一种以准分子激光刻蚀（加工）与激光辐射方向垂直的旋转轴（工件）的抛磨加工法。该方法可主要用于圆柱体，圆锥体等轴对称三维微细结构的精密加工及微器件表面质量的优化。解决了对于微小器件表面进行抛光的难题，简化了利用准分子激光对轴对称工件的加工过程，提高了加工精度。     

Development of an unconventional electro-hydraulic proportional valve with fuzzy-logic controller for hydraulic presses

A micro slit die easily manufactured using a micro electrical discharge machining (MEDM) is proposed for micro heat sink fabrication. In the investigations described in this paper, processed concave and rectangular shaped copper foils were combined piece by piece to form an assembled electrode. This electrode was used to fabricate a micro slit die. This die included 15 micro fins in a small tungsten carbide plate. The micro heat sink was made by applying a pressing or scraping method when the micro slit die was used. The experiments showed that debris, produced by the MEDM, might cause a discharge concentration effect because of the narrow gaps between the workpiece and electrode. Parts of the micro fin were seriously melted during this process. Flushing dielectric could effectively remove the debris from the narrow gap, generating an appropriate discharge dispersing effect. However, the discharge effect was unstable when large flushing pressure was applied, thus reducing the machining precision. The micro fins were formed into a rectangular shape using kerosene as the MEDM dielectric. Using distilled water as the MEDM dielectric produced a higher material removal rate and serious assembled electrode wear. Therefore, the micro fins formed as triangle profiles. The micro heat sink was higher even when the pressing method was used. The heat sink deviated and was full of burrs on the fin edge when the scraping method was used.     

激光微加工系统中控制器的设计

在自行研制的激光微加工系统中,激光光源固定,待加工工件置于X-Y移动平台上,驱动平台运动带动工件运动,利用光束与工件的相对运动加工出各种图形.X-Y移动平台运动控制的核心是控制器.控制器通过串行通讯接口与PC机串行通讯,接收PC机下载的加工轨迹文件和运动控制命令,以步进电动机作为执行机构、以光栅尺作为反馈部件构成闭环控制系统.以光栅尺测量为标准,系统的位置控制误差小于2μm.     

金属薄板开槽弯曲成形技术与设备

V形弯曲成形前，对金属薄板折弯处进行一定深度的V形开槽，然后在V形开槽处进行弯制成形，此种加工方法称之为V形开槽弯曲成形技术。用V形开槽弯曲成形技术弯制的工件弯曲圆角半径小，色泽变化不明显，弯制成形力小，且减少了窄长工件弯曲棱边直线度误差。并在普通折弯机上用通用模具就能弯制断面形状复杂的工件。V形开槽弯曲成形技术的关键设备是薄板开槽机，有多种结构形式和控制方式供选择。     

Analytical modeling and numerical simulation for three-roll bending forming of sheet metal

The three-roll bending forming of sheet metal is an important and flexible manufacturing process due to simple configuration. It is suitable for forming large sheet parts with complex, curved faces. Most researches on roll bending forming of large workpiece are mainly based on experiments and explain the process through macroscopic metal deformation. An analytical model and ABAQUS finite element model (FEM) are proposed in this paper for investigating the three-roll bending forming process. A reasonably accurate relationship between the downward inner roller displacement and the desired springback radius (unloaded curvature radius) of the bent plate is yielded by both analytical and finite element approaches, which all agree well with experiments. Then, the three-roll bending forming process of a semi-circle-shaped workpiece with 3,105 mm (length)?×?714 mm (width)?×?545 mm (height) is simulated with FEM established by the optimum tool and process parameters. Manifested by the experiment for three-roll bending forming of this workpiece, the numerical simulation method proposed yields satisfactory performance in tool and process parameters optimization and workpiece forming. It can be taken as a valuable mathematical tool used for three-roll bending forming of large area sheet metal.     

微小型齿轮加工技术

微小型齿轮是微机电系统的主要零部件,其加工工艺是微机电系统的重要技术.总结并分析了微小型齿轮加工的各种工艺方法,包括LIGA和准LIGA、WEDM工艺、微塑性成形、微刻蚀加工、微细切削加工等方法,介绍了各种方法加工微小型齿轮的研究成果,并指出了其适用范围及优缺点.微细切削微小型齿轮的加工技术又分为微细成形铣削和微细滚削...     

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation to improve the dimensional accuracy in electric hot incremental forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium sheet

Electric hot incremental forming is feasible and easy to control to form hard-to-form sheet metals, but the limited accuracy is a major deficiency. In order to find methods to improve precision, single-point electric hot incremental of Ti–6Al–4V titanium sheet was numerically simulated using MSC.Marc, and experimental investigations were also carried out in this paper. Through numerical analysis, distributing laws of temperature, thermal strain, stress, and equivalent strain were revealed, and impacts of cold contract and thermal strain on forming were also revealed. Analysis showed that electric hot incremental forming is a complex pyroplastic deformation, and there is a large internal stress in single-point electric hot incremental forming. The incremental sheet forming region can be divided into three parts: bending deformation at the beginning, shear forming at middle, and reverse bending at last; it is important to enhance the accuracy of the bending part and the reverse bending part, and adequate support must be provided in the beginning to reduce the bending part. In order to form a workpiece with small angle, two-point incremental forming was adopted at first because the gravity of clamp can reduce the reverse bending, then single-point electric hot incremental forming was adopted to enhance the accuracy and reduce internal stress of workpiece.     

激光制备微热管复合沟槽吸液芯及毛细压力验证

吸液芯结构是微热管的重要组成部分,其对微热管传热性能起到关键作用。目前,随着微热管的微型化,多种新型吸液芯结构相继提出,有效的拓宽微热管的应用领域。激光刻蚀法已成为制备微热管微型沟槽的高效可行法。借助激光刻蚀技术优势制备出微热管复合沟槽吸液芯,分析复合沟槽结构具有良好的表面质量;然后建立复合沟槽吸液芯毛细压力轴向分布数学模型,得出微热管内毛细压力沿轴向分布情况,证明复合沟槽提供较大的毛细压力,从而具有优异的传热性能。     

工艺参数对管材激光弯曲成形影响规律的研究

管材激光弯曲成形是一种柔性金属塑性成形方法。将连续的激光光斑简化为一间歇跳跃的方形匀强面热源,并考虑材料性能参数与温度的相关性,建立了管材激光弯曲成形的热-机耦合有限元工艺仿真模型,对成形过程进行了数值模拟。有限元模拟结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,激光弯曲角度随激光功率的增大而增大,两者基本上成线性关系;弯曲角度随扫描速度的升高而减小,随光斑直径的减小而增大,但当光斑直径减小到一定程度后,弯曲角度开始减小;弯曲角度随扫描包角的增大而增大,当扫描包角为180°时,弯曲角度达到最大,弯曲角度随扫描包角的继续增大而减小;扫描次数与弯曲角度间成近似的线性关系,且第一次扫描管材产生的弯曲角度最大。