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1.
The hybrid material of EP‐POSS mixture was synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of (γ‐glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. A series of binary systems of EP‐POSS/epoxy blends, epoxy resin modified by silica nanoparticles (SiO2/epoxy), and ternary system of SiO2/EP‐POSS/epoxy nanocomposite were prepared. The dispersion of SiO2 in the matrices was evidenced by transmission electron micrograph, and the mechanical properties, that is, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were examined for EP‐POSS/epoxy blends, SiO2/epoxy, and SiO2/EP‐POSS/epoxy, respectively. The fractured surface of the impact samples was observed by scanning electron micrograph. Thermogravimetry analysis were applied to investigate the different thermal stabilities of the binary system and ternary system by introducing EP‐POSS and SiO2 to epoxy resin. The results showed that the impact strength, flexural strength, and modulus of the SiO2/EP‐POSS/epoxy system increased around by 57.9, 14.1, and 44.0% compared with the pure epoxy resin, Ti, Tmax and the residues of the ternary system were 387°C, 426°C, and 25.2%, increased remarkably by 20°C, 11°C and 101.6% in contrast to the pure epoxy resin, which was also higher than the binary systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 810‐819, 2013  相似文献   

2.
Para‐allyl ether phenol derivative of cyclophosphazene (PACP) was prepared and used as a filler to modify the flame‐retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by melting‐blending. The mechanism of flame‐retardant was discussed and the influences of flame‐retardant contents to the mechanical properties were studied. The results revealed that the incorporation of only 5 phpp PACP (0.37 wt % phosphorus containing) into PET matrix can distinctly increase the flame retardancy of PET/PACP composition, and it has a little effect on the mechanical properties of PET. The high flame‐retardant performance of PET/PACP composite was attributed to the combination of condensed‐phase flame retardant and gas‐phase flame retardant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42711.  相似文献   

3.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containing epoxy‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was prepared by melt‐mixing and in situ polymerization methods. The melt‐mixed composite showed phase separation while the in situ polymerized composite did not, based on SEM characterization. During melt mixing, the reaction between the epoxy groups of POSS and hydroxyl groups of PET occurred, based on DSC results. DSC results on the in situ polymerization product showed formation of a lower‐melting component compared with PET. The tensile strength and modulus of the melt‐mixed composite fiber decreased compared with those properties of PET, whereas those of the in situ polymerized composite showed slightly higher values than PET despite the relatively small amounts (1 wt%) of POSS used. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed an increase in storage modulus for the in situ polymerized composite of POSS and PET compared with PET over the temperature range of 40 °C to 140 °C. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

4.
A series of cyanate ester resin (CE) based organic–inorganic hybrids containing different contents (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) of epoxy‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐Ep) were prepared by casting and curing. The hybrid resin systems were studied by the gel time test to evaluate the effect of POSS‐Ep on the curing reactivity of CE. The impact and flexural strengths of the hybrids were investigated. The micromorphological, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrids were studied by SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and TGA, respectively. Results showed that POSS‐Ep prolonged the gel time of CE. CE10 containing 10 wt% POSS‐Ep displayed not only the optimum impact strength but the optimum flexural strength. SEM results revealed that the improvement of mechanical properties was attributed to the large amount of tough whirls and fiber‐like pull‐outs observed on the fracture surfaces of CE10. DMA results indicated that POSS‐CE tended to decrease E′ of the hybrids in the glassy state but to increase E′ of the hybrids in the rubbery state. TGA results showed that CE10 also possesses the best thermal stability. The initial temperature of decomposition (Ti) of CE10 is 426 °C, 44 °C higher than that of pristine CE. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

5.
Octa(aminophenyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OAP‐POSS) and boron‐containing phenol‐formaldehyde resin (BPFR) were synthesized, respectively. The BPFR nanocomposites with different OAP‐POSS content (wt%) were prepared, and their properties were characterized. The results show that the thermal degradation process of this nanocomposites can be divided into three stages, and they are all following the first order mechanism. The residual ratio and thermal degradation activation energy Ea of 9 wt% OAP‐POSS/BPFR nanocomposites are both better than others and the Ea increase gradually in three stages, which is 93.3, 134.0, and 181.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. Its residual ratio at 900°C is 36.48%. The mechanical loss peak temperature Tp is 228°C for 12 wt% OAP‐POSSS/BPFR nanocomposites, which is higher 48°C than pure BPFR. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

6.
Polystyrene (PS)‐incorporated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) organic–inorganic hybrid graft copolymer could be achieved by click coupling reaction between alkyne groups in POSS and azido groups in PS via “graft onto” strategy. Alkyne‐functionalized POSS was synthesized via thiol‐ene facile click reaction and subsequent amidation reaction with very high yield. Azido‐multifunctionalized PS could be synthesized by chloromethylation and subsequent azido reaction. The chemical structures of PS‐(CH2Cl)m, PS‐(CH2N3)m, and PS‐g‐POSS were determined by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR characterization. PS‐g‐POSS presented a better hydrophobic property with contact angle of 113° than that of PS (85°). And PS‐g‐POSS with ≤5% of grafting degree had lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than that of PS and then it increased up to 112°C with grafting degree. An obvious aggregation of POSS phase with 10–80 nm in size was formed in PS‐g‐POSS matrix. In addition, 5 wt % of PS‐g‐POSS was added to general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) to remarkably improve its tensile strength from 45 to 57 MPa. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

7.
A series all‐aromatic poly(esterimide)s with different molar ratios of N‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐trimellitimide (IM) and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) (IM/HBA = 0.3/0.7 and 0.7/0.3) was prepared with the aim to design flexible high Tg films. Melt‐pressed films, either from high molecular weight polymer or cured phenylethynyl precursor oligomers, exhibit Tgs in the range of 200 °C to 242 °C and are brittle. After a thermal stretching procedure, the films became remarkably flexible and very easy to handle. In addition, the thermally stretched 3‐IM/7‐HBA and 7‐IM/3‐HBA films show tensile strengths of 108 MPa and 169 MPa, respectively. Thermal treatment increased the Tg of 3‐IM/7‐HBA from 205 °C to 248 °C, whereas the Tg of 7‐IM/3‐HBA increased from 230 °C to 260 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 133, 44774.  相似文献   

8.
Epoxy‐terminated siloxane‐contained resin (BCDS/OBBA‐ETS) with high tensile strength and lap shear strength as well as good thermal stability was synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Carboxy‐capped disiloxane‐4,4′‐oxybis (benzoic acid) ester oligomer (BCDS/OBBA) was firstly prepared from the reaction between 1,3‐bis(chloromethyl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐disiloxane and 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBBA) in N,N‐dimethylformamide in the presence of triethylamine. Then, the BCDS/OBBA oligomer was reacted with epichlorohydrin to obtain the title BCDS/OBBA‐ETS resin. Cured with liquid polyamide L‐651, or diethylenetriamine, the mechanical and thermal properties as well as the lap shear strength of the BCDS/OBBA‐ETS resin were evaluated. The results indicated that the BCDS/OBBA‐ETS resin exhibited good thermal stability below 200°C, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was about 64°C after cured with L‐651. The tensile strength of same cured BCDS/OBBA‐ETS resin was 27.46 MPa with a stain at break of 42.11%, and the lap shear strength for bonding stainless steel was 18.59 MPa. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012  相似文献   

9.
To develop an efficient, simple, and biocompatible method for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of an addition‐type liquid silicone rubber (LSR), octavinyl‐polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (OPOSS) modified LSR samples were prepared through the addition of 0.5–4.0 wt % OPOSS as a modifier to a platinum‐based silicone curing system before vulcanization. The characterization and measurement of the OPOSS and LSR samples were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, NMR, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact ionization), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and universal testing. The experimental results show that the crosslinking of the OPOSS and LSR polymer had a significantly positive effect on the thermal and mechanical properties. Compared with the unmodified sample, its tensile strength was enhanced by 423–508%, its tear resistance was increased from 22 to 44%, the residue at 600 °C was increased by 36–75% in an N2 atmosphere and 8–65% in an air atmosphere, respectively. These results were obviously superior to those from other similar reported methods that used larger molecular or nonreactive polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives as modifiers at similar POSS loadings. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the loading rate of OPOSS and the thermal properties. However, the mechanical properties seemed negatively correlated with the OPOSS content within the experimental range; this may have been due to a material defect caused by the uneven distribution and agglomeration. The results of this study proved that the incorporation of OPOSS into an LSR polymer matrix by a hydrosilylation reaction could be an efficient way to improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and biocompatibility of LSR in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43906.  相似文献   

10.
The rheological behavior and the dynamic mechanical properties of syndiotactic 1,2‐polybutadiene (sPB) were investigated by a rotational rheometer (MCR‐300) and a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA‐242C). Rheological behavior of sPB‐830, a sPB with crystalline degree of 20.1% and syndiotactic content of 65.1%, showed that storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) decreased, and the zero shear viscosity (η0) decreased slightly with increasing temperature when measuring temperatures were lower than 160°C. However, G′ and G″ increased at the end region of relaxation curves with increasing temperature and η0 increased with increasing temperature as the measuring temperatures were higher than 160°C. Furthermore, critical crosslinked reaction temperature was detected at about 160°C for sPB‐830. The crosslinked reaction was not detected when test temperature was lower than 150°C for measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of sample. The relationship between processing temperature and crosslinked reaction was proposed for the sPB‐830 sample. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007  相似文献   

11.
A new kind of aromatic unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing thiazole ring, 2‐amino‐5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐thiazole (AAPT), was synthesized. A series of novel polyimides were prepared by polycondensation of AAPT with various aromatic dianhydrides by one‐step polyimidation process. The synthesized polyimides had inherent viscosity values of 0.36–0.69 dL/g and were easily dissolved in highly dipolar solvents. Meanwhile, strong and flexible polyimide films were obtained, which have good thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability with the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 276.7–346.1°C, the temperature at 5% weight loss of 451–492°C in nitrogen and 422–440°C in air, as well as have outstanding mechanical properties with the tensile strengths of 94–122 MPa, elongations at breakage of 5–18%. These films also had dielectric constants of 3.12–3.38 at 10 MHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008  相似文献   

12.
With the rapid development of ultra large scale integrated circuits, low stress, low thermal expansion, low dielectric constant, and low temperature curable (<250 °C) polyimides (PIs) with excellent mechanical, thermal properties are required. Unfortunately, high curing temperatures above 300 °C and limited dielectric property still remain to be solved. Herein, a new type of aminopropyl isobutyl polysilsesquioxane (POSS) with single vertex activity is introduced by in situ polymerization resulting in the PI‐POSS nanocomposites which exhibit a low dielectric constant (κ ≤ 2.6). Furthermore, low‐temperature curing at 200 °C (99.4% imidization) under the catalysis of quinoline is also achieved. The as‐prepared PI‐POSS nanocomposites also show excellent mechanical properties of which the tensile strength can reach up to 148 MPa and the elongation at break achieves 98%. Moreover, the temperature of weight loss 5% is as high as 550 °C and the glass transition temperature can also reach 349 °C. The as‐prepared PI‐POSS nanocomposites prove excellent electrical performance and mechanical properties, showing a huge market prospect of 5G chip packaging and millimeter wave antenna in the future.  相似文献   

13.
Although a rhombohedral‐tetragonal (R‐T) phase boundary is known to substantially enhance the piezoelectric properties of potassium‐sodium niobate ceramics, the structural evolution of the R‐T phase boundary itself is still unclear. In this work, the structural evolution of R‐T phase boundary from ?150°C to 200°C is investigated in (0.99?x)K0.5Na0.5Nb1?ySbyO3–0.01CaSnO3xBi0.5K0.5HfO3 (where x = 0‐0.05 with y = 0.035, and y = 0‐0.07 with x = 0.03) ceramics. Through temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectra, the structural evolution was determined to be Rhombohedral (R, <?125°C)→Rhombohedral + Orthorhombic (R + O, ?125°C to 0°C)→Rhombohedral + Tetragonal (R + T, 0 °C to 150°C)→dominating Tetragonal (T, 200°C to Curie temperature (TC)) → Cubic (C, >TC). In addition, the enhanced electrical properties (e.g., a direct piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ~450 ± 5 pC/N, a conversion piezoelectric coefficient () of ~580 ± 5 pm/V, an electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of ~0.50 ± 0.02, and TC~250°C), fatigue‐free behavior, and good thermal stability were exhibited by the ceramics possessing the R‐T phase boundary. This work improves understanding of the physical mechanism behind the R‐T phase boundary in KNN‐based ceramics and is an important step toward their adoption in practical applications.  相似文献   

14.
《Polymer Composites》2017,38(4):691-698
Liquid‐like trisilanol isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes derivative (L‐POSS‐D) was synthesized with γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) as corona and polyetheramine M1000 as canopy. Its structure and properties were characterized by FTIR, XPS, TGA and Rheology data. Epoxy nanocomposites with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt% content of L‐POSS‐D were prepared. T g of the nanocomposites improved 47.6°C higher than pure epoxy resin. Mechanical properties, including flexural strength and impact toughness, were improved markedly with L‐POSS‐D. The morphologies of impact fracture were studied by SEM. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:691–698, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

15.
《Polymer Composites》2017,38(5):827-836
3,13‐Diglycidyloxypropyloctaphenyl double‐decker silsesquioxane (3,13‐diglydidyl DDSQ) was synthesized via hydrosilylation between 3,13‐dihydrooctaphenyl double‐decker silsesquioxane (3,13‐dihydro DDSQ) and allyl glycidyl ether. This novel difunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) macromer was incorporated into polybenzoxazine (PBZ) thermosets to obtain the organic–inorganic nanocomposites. Compared to control PBZ, the organic–inorganic nanocomposites displayed the enhanced glass transition temperatures (T g's). Under the identical condition, the organic–inorganic nanocomposites exhibited the stable rubbery plateaus in the measurements by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, which was in marked contrast to control PBZ thermoset. The enhanced T g's and improved dynamic mechanical properties are attributable to the formation of the additional crosslinking between PBZ and the difunctional POSS macromer and the nanoreinforcement of POSS cages on PBZ networks. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the organic–inorganic nanocomposites displayed improved thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:827–836, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

16.
Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐4,4′‐ bibenzoate) (PETBB) are prepared by coextrusion. Analysis by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy shows that little transesterification occurs during the blending process. Additional heat treatment of the blend leads to more transesterification and a corresponding increase in the degree of randomness, R. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry shows that the as‐extruded blend is semicrystalline, unlike PETBB15, a random copolymer with the same composition as the non‐ random blend. Additional heat treatment of the blend leads to a decrease in the melting point, Tm, and an increase in glass transition temperature, Tg. The Tm and Tg of the blend reach minimum and maximum values, respectively, after 15 min at 270°C, at which point the blend has not been fully randomized. The blend has a lower crystallization rate than PET and PETBB55 (a copolymer containing 55 mol % bibenzoate). The PET/PETBB55 (70/30 w/w) blend shows a secondary endothermic peak at 15°C above an isothermal crystallization temperature. The secondary peak was confirmed to be the melting of small and/or imperfect crystals resulting from secondary crystallization. The blend exhibits the crystal structure of PET. Tensile properties of the fibers prepared from the blend are comparable to those of PET fiber, whereas PETBB55 fibers display higher performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1793–1803, 2004  相似文献   

17.
A series of cardo based asymmetric polyimides containing bulky rigid naphthalimide and phthalimide groups were prepared from asymmetric monomer bishaloimide and bisphenols by solution polycondensation. Bishalo(naphthalimide‐phthalimide) monomers containing different terminal leaving groups (Cl, F, NO2) were synthesized, and the reactivity difference of these monomers was compared for the successful synthesis of polyimides. The inherent viscosities of the polyimides were in the range 0.51 ? 0.60 dL g?1 in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone at 30 °C. These polyimides demonstrated good organosolubility and mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 93 ? 120 MPa, tensile moduli of 3.5 ? 5.3 GPa and elongations at break of 2.8% ? 4.3%. The polyimides showed high glass transition temperatures (T g) ranging from 330 to 363 °C. The 10% weight loss (T 10%) of asymmetric polyimides reached 436 ? 500 °C in nitrogen and 417 ? 476 °C in air. The water uptake of the polyimides was in the range 0.35% ? 0.72%. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

18.
Four novel bis‐benzocyclobutene‐endcapped arylene ether monomers, 1,1′‐bis[4‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyloxy)phenyl]‐1‐phenyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (BOPP3FE), 1,1′‐bis[4‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyloxy)phenyl]‐1‐(3′,5′‐ditrifluoromethyl)phenyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane(BOPP9FE), 2,2′‐bis[4‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyloxy)phenyl]‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexfluoropropane (BOP6FP), and 2,2′‐bis[4‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyloxy)phenyl]‐propane (BOPP) were prepared and characterized. All the four monomers showed similar curing behaviors under N2 (Differential scanning calorimetry: extrapolated onset and peak temperatures at 225–229°C and 261–263°C) and demonstrated low and steady melt viscosities between 110 and 200°C, indicating their good processability. After cure, the resulting BCB resins exhibited high Tg (232–282°C) and excellent thermal stability (T5% > 433°C). The resins also showed good mechanical properties with the flexural strengths of 68–88 MPa and the flexural modulus of 2.52–3.15 GPa. Moreover, the resins also exhibited low dielectric constants (2.58–2.88), low dissipation factors (2.7 to 8.4 × 10?4) and low water absorptions in boiling water for 24 h (0.29–0.59%). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009  相似文献   

19.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. Light scattering measurement suggested that there is significant change in molecular weight arising from gel formation by chemical crosslinking during polymerization. The thermal decomposition temperatures of the composites measured at 5 wt % weight loss were 5–10°C higher than that of PET. There is no significant change in other thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy observations suggest that there is obvious phase separation in PET/POSS composites, composites containing 1 wt % of disilanolisobutyl and trisilanolisobytyl‐POSS show fine dispersions of POSS (30–40 nm in diameter), which arise from strong interfacial interactions between POSS and PET during polymerization. The viscosity of the composites increased with the addition of POSS. The observation of a plateau region of composites containing 1 wt % of POSS in the plot of log G′ vs. log G″ indicates strong interfacial interactions between POSS and PET. Sixty‐three percent and 41% increase in tensile strength and 300 and 380% increase in modulus were achieved in the composites containing 1 wt % of disilanol‐ and trisilanol‐POSS, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008  相似文献   

20.
High‐performance lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics 0.94(K0.45Na0.55)1?xLix(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3–0.06AgNbO3 (KNNLTAg‐x) were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering technique. The doping effect of Li on the structural and electrical properties of KNNLTAg‐x (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) ceramics was studied. The lattice structure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the KNLNTAg‐x ceramics are highly dependent on the Li doping level. In particular, the Li dopant has a great impact on both Curie temperature Tc and orthorhombic‐tetragonal transition temperature TO‐T. The 4% Li‐doped sample exhibited relatively high TO‐T of 95°C, leading to a stable dynamic piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) of 220‐240 pm/V in a broad temperature range from 25°C to 105°C. Additionally, the 2% Li‐doped sample shows a high d33* of 320 pm/V at 135°C, suggesting its great potential for high‐temperature applications.  相似文献   

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