Social and housing tenure mix in Paris intra-muros, 1990–2010

This paper sheds light on the relationship between the social and tenure mix in Paris between 1990 and 2010. Using two quantitative methods (cluster analysis and entropy indices) it explores the relationship between the social and tenure mix at the microscale. Although no statistical correlation was found, other relationships were discovered. First, the social mix is a function of the general characteristics of the neighbourhood or district. Second, social upgrading and homogenization began in the 1990s, and the ‘ideal’ social mix was a temporary phase before upper socio-professional groups became overrepresented. The growing availability and diversification of social housing has neither created a greater social mix nor slowed down social upgrading, either in general or for social housing in particular. Finally, the fact that there are different categories of social housing landlords nuances the outcomes of policies.     

美国混合居住政策及其效应的研究述评——兼论对我国经济适用房和廉租房规划建设的启示

在总结美国公共住房政策发展历程的基础上,评述了美国三大混合居住政策的提出、内容、带来的影响以及展趋势.政策的提出很大程度上是应Ζ对大规模公共住房建设所引起的贫困集中问题.混居政策的实施分散了贫困集中,提高了邻里安全感和满意度,为邻里社交网络多样化提供了机会,尤其是给低收入家庭的孩子带来了明显的积极影响:但混居政策对低收入家庭成人的就业、收入和福利依赖是否具有影响却存在争议.美国混居政策的推行为我国城市和谐发展提供了有价值的思路,对我国当前正大规模启动的经济适用房和廉租房的规划建设有重要的借鉴与启示.     

基于VAR模型的居民杠杆率与住房价格关系研究

基于我国居民杠杆率快速攀升,以及房价持续上涨的现象,采用2005～2017年我国经验数据,以VAR模型为基础,借助Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解等方法,实证检验了居民杠杆率与住房价格之间的互动关系.结果 表明:购房信贷对居民杠杆率具有单向Granger因果关系,购房信贷扩张导致居民杠杆率上升;居民杠杆率...     

Immigration and Housing in an Emerging Global City, Sydney, Australia

By 2001, 33 per cent of Sydney's population of 4.2 million was born overseas. In the previous 15 years, 38 per cent of all immigrants to Australia settled in Sydney compared to the national population share of 21 per cent. Housing costs are highest in Sydney of any of the metropolitan cities in Australia and Sydney's emergence as a global city affects the housing market and has attracted diverse communities and skilled immigrants. This article presents Australian Bureau of Statistics census data to trace trends in home ownership and tenure among key immigrant groups in Sydney from the post-war era to recent times. It discusses the key factors that influence immigrant progress through the housing market and explores the dynamics of Sydney's residential mosaic.     

Place and Disadvantage: The Need for Reflexive Epistemology in Spatial Social Science

The relationship between place and disadvantage, and particularly the question of whether, and how, geographical concentration of disadvantaged households exacerbates disadvantage is of growing concern to social science and urban policy. Despite many calls for a subtle and complex approach to constructing knowledge about these issues, a positivist approach based on statistical indicators, appears to dominate policy making. This approach reifies place and distracts attention from strategies which might effectively address disadvantage at the local level. This article describes two examples of small area redevelopment where such an approach has been used to suggest that redevelopment and dispersal of public housing concentrations are in the interests of current residents, whose lives would be improved through replacement of existing housing forms with more diverse, or at least tenure-mixed, suburbs. Yet the process by which this improvement will occur is yet to be explicated or even adequately theorised by spatial social science. The indicators used to measure the 'success' of redevelopment, such as small area employment, education and crime statistics, are likely to reveal little about the impact of such projects on the lives of the individuals most affected. A more reflexive and 'deeply engaged' research methodology is called for.     

Built on Solid Foundations? Assessing the Links between City-Scale Land Titling,Tenure Security and Housing Investment

This paper interrogates the links between city-scale land titling, tenure security and housing investment, using a case study of the donor-funded Land Management and Administration Project (LMAP) in Cambodia’s capital, Phnom Penh. It finds that LMAP activities centred on titling in planned residential areas with ‘informal’ tenure, despite residents exhibiting strong pre-titling tenure security and substantial housing investments. In contrast, ‘informal’ self-built settlements with high tenure insecurity and low levels of investment were excluded from project activities. Resultantly, the project did not increase tenure security and investment for the most vulnerable urban dwellers. The paper discusses the reasons for the project’s shortcomings, revealing policy implications for city-scale titling projects, and speaking to wider academic debates on titling in urban areas.     

Residential Dynamics in Ethnic Concentrations

In many countries and cities there is fear that large residential concentrations of ethnic minorities will hinder integration and give rise to sub-societies that may eventually come to have little to do with each other. However, while governments develop policies aimed at spatial mixing of various population categories, the actual knowledge about ethnic concentrations and their development is rather thin. This paper intends to contribute to filling this gap in knowledge about ethnic concentrations and related dynamics using very detailed spatial data on settlement patterns in the city of Amsterdam. It focuses on residential concentrations of Moroccans and Turks and analysed the changes with regard to these concentrations between 1994 and 2004. In general no indications were found that one of these groups is consciously strengthening the ethnic identity of the residential areas they live in. Although the existing Moroccan clusters did appear to have become somewhat more Moroccan, the Moroccans themselves experienced a negative migration balance in those areas. Turkish clusters became even less Turkish and there was also a negative migration balance among Turks. Furthermore, concentrations within the 1994 boundaries were, in 2004, less Moroccan and Turkish than would be expected, given the developments that took place in Amsterdam as a whole. Detailed analysis of the clusters demonstrated no clear systematic increase or expansion of existing clusters. Analyses of associations with housing supply support the assertion that the residential dynamics of immigrants must be seen primarily as resulting from a number of steps in the residential career. Residential behaviour that has been described for the immigrant categories in question can be assumed to reflect a development toward integration.     

Building social mix by building social housing? An evaluation in the Paris,Lyon and Marseille Metropolitan Areas

In France, social housing is perceived as an instrument for promoting social mix. In particular, there is an expectation that introducing social housing into wealthy areas will bring in low-income households and lead to greater coexistence between lower and higher socio-economic groups. However, several factors tend to hinder the pro-mix effects of social housing: financial constraints that reduce the number of new buildings, especially in high-income neighbourhoods; Not in my backyard attitudes in wealthy areas; allocation practices by social landlords who seldom rent dwellings in expensive neighbourhoods to poor households. Previous experiments with social housing have often proved disappointing in their impact on social mix. What about today’s experiments? Has the social housing built in recent times increased social mix? The empirical evaluation we carried out in Paris, Lyon and Marseille shows that recent social housing developments have stimulated social mix but the impact measured is very small.     

Driving in neutral: Is it the way forward for housing policy?

The `libertarian' argument of PeterKing aims to put tenure neutrality and a negativeincome tax in place of current government supportfor housing. However, formulating rules for tenureneutrality is hard and the negative income tax mayrequire unacceptably high taxes. Real worldcomplexity makes such simple rules with regard tohousing difficult to achieve. Such complexity alsohelps to make a case for social housing.     

Hidden from History? Housing Studies,the Perpetual Present and the Case of Social Housing in Britain

This paper examines the use and abuse of historical method in the field of housing studies, with specific reference to predictions about the future shape of social housing in Britain. It reflects on the debates about council housing in the early 1990s and sets these against subsequent policy developments. The paper suggests that this exercise reveals some shortcomings in dominant paradigms within housing studies, such as the misreading and misrepresentation of tenants' responses and reactions; the over-emphasis on consumption in assessing processes of housing sector change; the neglect of increasing spatial differentiation in housing markets across Britain; and the failure to appreciate the causes behind increasing volatility in some local housing markets. The paper argues for a more nuanced historical sensibility and a more adventurous methodology when forecasting the future direction of housing policies and the future characteristics of housing systems.     

邻里环境对居民健康的影响及其差异——基于广州市28个社区的结构方程模型

伴随着中国城市居民生活水平的提高,居民健康及其邻里环境的影响因素日益受到地理学和规划学研究关注。本文以广州市28个社区为例,利用2016年社区问卷调查数据、空间兴趣点POI、土地利用现状、全国第六次人口普查等数据,构建结构方程模型以探究居民健康的邻里影响研究,并通过多群组分析剖析不同社区邻里影响的差异。研究发现:(1)建成环境:高密度、混合型、公共交通发达的邻里会鼓励居民进行体育锻炼,并对心理健康带来积极影响;(2)社会环境:互助、信任、沟通交流以及社区参与程度较高的邻里对体育锻炼具有正向影响,并对身体健康、心理健康带来积极影响;(3)不同社区邻里影响存在差异,社会经济指数(SESI)低的社区居民体育锻炼受到建成环境影响更显著,社会经济指数(SESI)高的社区居民体育锻炼受到社会环境影响更显著。研究希望为健康社区建设提供研究基础和政策支持。     

From stigma to demolition: Australian debates about housing and social exclusion

Although the concept of social exclusion is well established in the UK and wider Europe, as an alternative to the use of poverty and inequality, it only recently entered Australian housing and urban policy debates. This paper explores the dominant debates that emerged about housing and inequality in two major reports, which investigated future options for East Fairfield (Villawood) public housing estate in New South Wales prior to its demolition. In conceptualising the debates, the analysis draws on the framework devised by Watt and Jacobs (2000, Housing, theory and society, 17(1), 14–26), which identified three different discourses of social exclusion in British housing and urban policy. It is concluded that the dominant debate at East Fairfield estate drew extensively on a moral underclass discourse that implicated public housing tenure as a major cause of inequality. Whilst there is little doubt that serious problems existed on the estate, questions are raised about the utility of this moral underclass depiction and the rationale it provided for adopting demolition as the definitive solution. The experience of East Fairfield demonstrates that demolition is not a low-cost solution in financial or social terms.     

The 2007 forest fires in the prefecture of Ilia: the views of citizens with regard to the actions taken before,during and after the fires

In 2007, the prefecture of Ilia, Peloponnese, Greece, was struck by very serious fires which were not only the result of extreme weather but also of human omissions and mistakes. This paper examines the views of the citizens of Ilia with regard to the actions of the Fire Department, the municipal authorities, the Forest Service, the citizens and the state, before, during and after the fires.     

海口城市住宅开发的思考

城市住宅在我国目前的发展时期里一直是城市开发的重要产业,也是关系到城市发展、产业经济、社会稳定的重要因素。通过对海口、深圳这两个我国的经济特区城市住宅开发建设的比较研究,从城市居住主体、住宅市场发展等方面探讨海口城市开发中存在的问题。