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标准化与企业的生存和发展

为了发展社会主义商品经济．促进技术进步，改进产品质量，提高社会和企业经济效益，维护国家和人民的利益，使标准化工作适应社会主义现代化建设和发展对外经济关系的需要，国家制定了标准化法。以法律的形式确定了标准化工作的地位和重要性，对各行各业、对企业和个人明确了其法律责任，对违法者必予以追究。国家及有关部门制定了各种各样的标准，从而保障了人民生命财产的安全，保护了消费者的利益，保护了环境。使国家资源能合理地利用，科学技术成果得到了推广，提高了经济效益，使许多产品能通用互换，做到了技术上先进，经济上合理，…     

气门模具H13钢的形变热处理

模具钢H13制造气门顶锻模因使用寿命不高，改变了原来工艺，采用了形变热处理新工艺，节约了能源，缩短了生产周期，降低了成本，同时提高了模具使用寿命。     

真空除氧冷凝系统技术改进

真空除氧冷凝系统原采用混合式冷凝器，给系统运行带来许多问题，重新设计计算后，系统改用表面式换热器，不但完全达到了原先要求的工艺指标，而且，停用了新鲜水，回收了蒸汽的余热，改善了工人的劳动条件，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

二十世纪的两难选择──公平与效率

科学技术是效率的强大动力。１９世纪中叶，出现了热力学、电磁学两门学科，到了１９世纪末，造出了发电机和内燃机。进入２０世纪，兴起了以电力和内燃机为标志的技术革命。技术革命极大地提高了效率，但却不能推动公平，甚而出现了反公平的势力，导致世界更不公平，最后...     

引进型300MW汽轮机厚壁持环铸钢工艺的研究

本文叙述了厚壁持环铸钢件，经过工艺研究，改进了补贴和冷铁的设置，采用了保温冒口，从而消除了铸件产生疏松的隐患，保证了铸件质量，提高了工艺出品率。并经计算机凝固模拟确证了新工艺的合理性。     

110KV学府变电所综合自动化保护的分析及改进

近年来，综合自动化保护已在变电所中广泛应用，继电保护的运行可靠性有了很大的提高，但在综合自动化保护的设计中，存在一些缺陷，阻碍了供电的可靠性。为此，分析了出现问题的原因，经过大量试验的检验，改进了原设计及接线，并在现场进行了应用。     

舒适,节能的冷却吊顶空调系统

冷却吊顶作为一项节能新技术，深沉与置换通风系统相结合使用，使空调系统更加合理完善，在这种空高系统中，冷却吊顶承担了大部分冷却负荷，而通系统只需处理少量新风以满足卫生所需，国外的大量实践表明，同传统空调系统相比，冷却吊顶系统大大改进了室内空气品质，节约了能耗，提高了系统的经济性，本文介绍了冷却吊顶的运行机理，并分析了其优越性。     

热镀锌炉改造技术探讨

本文经过调查、研究，针对我国热镀锌行业旧的生产工艺造成锌耗高，能耗高，镀锌质量不稳定，生产成本过高，劳动强度大，环境污染严重等一系列问题，在理论与实践相结合的基础上，提出了水封半水煤气上热式镀锌炉的方案，该炉采用全耐火材料筑成的熔锌池及镀槽，从而完全克服了旧式工艺所造成的一系列弊端，降低了生产成本，提高了产品质量，大大改善了环境质量。     

冷静对待热点

内燃机排放这个技术热点，经过一个漫长的冷清，终于成为社会热点。虽然“来迟了”，但总比不来好。人们虽然更多地从汽车尾气排放认识它，但总比不认识好。在“运动”惯了的中国，它又象“运动”起来了．在“浮躁”流行的今天，又似乎看到了“浮躁”．“有关部门齐出动”，“高标准”， “严要求”，“砸车毁机”，好不热闹，一夜间一批车辆和动力突然变“绿”，绿得让人难以理解． 我们曾千呼万唤，我们曾千期万盼，希望“有关方面”，把这项工作提到日程上，放到议程中，并及早付诸行动。唤来了，盼来了，然而，面对今天的现实，想想还是…     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

柴油理化性能的分析与质量指标的控制

对柴油的化学组成及物理性质进行了分析,叙述了柴油理化性能与柴油机工作状态的关系,探讨了柴油质量指标的控制措施,为今后的柴油检验和机车检修工作提供了实用的理论依据。     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

汽轮机零件防锈性能的改善

介绍了汽轮机零件的封存特点、防锈要求及防锈油性能对比试验的方法,通过对试验结果的对比分析,客观验证了各种防锈油的性能。试验表明,只有选择了合适的防锈油,才能保证汽轮机零件长期封存的质量。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

不同方向地震激励对水工隧洞位移的影响

目前在研究水工隧洞地震响应时只考虑了单向地震激励,忽略了双向地震激励,故不能合理地分析不同方向地震激励对水工隧洞位移的影响。因此,选取合理的材料参数和模型边界条件,应用ANSYS建立了某水工隧洞的三维有限元模型,对单向地震激励和双向地震激励下的水工隧洞进行了位移分析。结果表明,不同方向的地震激励对水工隧洞的水平位移和竖直位移影响不同,水平位移主要受x方向地震激励影响,竖直位移主要受y方向地震激励影响,并根据单向地震激励和双向地震激励存在的相关性,建立了位移数学关系模型。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Evaluation of the performance of air heaters of conventional designs

Air heaters, because of their simplicity, are more amenable to theoretical investigations than the other solar thermal systems like solar stills, etc. In air-heating collections various parameters on which its performance depends can be identified and their effect can be studied theoretically. In this paper the transient equations of three types of air heater are written and their solutions are attempted. In Type I air heater there is one air channel above a metallic plate, in Type II, the air channel exists between two metallic plates and in Type III, there are two air channels one above the plate and another between two metallic plates. The transient equations of the model are solved within the framework of periodic analysis. The temperature of any component of the air heater is represented by a Fourier series in time, the coefficients being coordinate dependent. The effect of flow rate, plate length, selective coating, etc. are studied. It is shown that for a given rate of flow, there is an optimum value of plate length for which efficiency is maximum. The optimum value of plate length in Type II air heater increases as rate of flow increases. For a given plate length, the efficiency increases with rate of flow. The selective coating will be useful only when plate length is large and rate of flow is small. For a flow rate of 100 kg m⁻²hr⁻¹ and plate length of 7 m, the difference between outlet air temperature from a selectively-coated plate and that of black-painted plate, at midday, is 33°C. The selectively-coated air heater is 21 per cent more efficient than the black pained one at the same condition. It is found that an efficient configuration has lower glazing temperature.     

汽车物流仓库利用率提升和优化

以上海大众汽车有限公司的零部件仓库中的物流中心作为研究对象,运用现场调研、试验等方法,研究了仓储平面利用率和高层货架利用率的提升方案。研究结果表明,在仓库结构已确定的情况下,对具体的货位、货架大小、数量、放置方向和通道宽度等方面的优化,能够提升平面利用率。通过对高层货架的层高调整和动态库位的实施,能够大幅提升高层货架库位利用率和空间利用率。