医用脱脂棉纱布的氧化改性处理及其性能研究

为改善医用脱脂棉纱布的吸液性能,采用过碳酸钠对其进行氧化改性处理,得到氧化医用棉纱布,研究过碳酸钠溶液质量浓度、处理温度、处理时间、过碳酸钠溶液p H值对氧化医用棉纱布吸液性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在其他工艺参数一定的条件下,随着过碳酸钠溶液质量浓度的增加,或处理温度的升高,或处理时间的延长,氧化医用棉纱布的吸液率、断裂强力、断裂伸长率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;随着过碳酸钠溶液p H值的增大,氧化医用棉纱布的吸液率、断裂伸长率先增大后减小,其断裂强力则不断减小。得到了过碳酸钠氧化处理医用脱脂棉纱布的较佳工艺参数(过碳酸钠溶液质量浓度0.10 g/L、处理温度40℃、处理时间1.5 h、过碳酸钠溶液pH值9)。此时氧化医用棉纱布的吸液性能达到最佳,其断裂强力能够满足有关标准要求。     

防粘抑菌医用敷布

论述了外层为细旦聚丙烯纤维薄型针织布 ,中间夹层为改性聚丙烯腈纤维高吸水针刺非织造布絮片组成的医用敷布的生产与技术关键 ,探讨了敷布的结构、物理性能、化学性能及生物学性能。结果表明 ,该医用敷布在防粘、抑菌、吸液量、导液速度及皮肤适应性方面均优于传统脱脂棉纱布     

加强医用脱脂棉、脱脂纱布监督管理的必要性

脱脂棉、脱脂纱布是医疗单位日常消毒、清理外伤及手术必用的敷料,其质量的好坏直接影响着医疗效果,同时关系着患者的身体健康和合法权益。为了加强对脱脂棉、脱脂纱布质量的监督管理,最近,淮阴市纤维检验所对全市各医疗机构、医药经营单位使用和经销的脱脂棉、脱脂纱布进行了专项检查。本次共抽取了90批,28个品牌的医用脱脂棉、脱脂纱布样品。其中脱脂棉49批,经检验25批合格,合格率51.0％;脱脂纱布41批,经检验3批合格,合格率为7.3％。对于医用敷料来说,合格率之低令人担忧。其中存在的主要问题有:     

加强医用脱脂棉、脱脂纱布监督管理的必要性

脱脂棉、脱脂纱布是医疗单位日常消毒、清理外伤及手术必用的敷料，其质量的好坏直接影响着医疗效果，同时关系着患者的身体健康和合法权益。为了加强对脱脂棉、脱脂纱布质量的监督管理，最近，淮阴市纤维检验所对全市各医疗机构、医药经营单位使用和经销的脱脂棉、脱脂纱布进行了专项检查。本次共抽取了90批，28个品牌的医用脱脂棉、脱脂纱布样品。其中脱脂棉49批，经检验25批合格，合格率51．0％；脱脂纱布41批，经检验3批合格，合格率为7．3％。对于医用敷料来说，合格率之低令人担忧。其中存在的主要问题有：     

印刷工业用抗静电除尘清洁布

抗静电除尘清洁布是由美国聚合物集团公司,简称PCI公司(世界第三大无纺布制造商)最近开发的一种新产品。该种产品的问世,取代了印刷业使用多年,价格十分昂贵的医用脱脂棉和棉纱布。PCI清洁布的价格不仅低于脱脂棉和纱布,而且使用效果优于脱脂棉和纱布。     

医用纱布的低碱短流程练漂工艺

介绍医用脱脂纱布性能及技术指标;利用KA3in1精练剂进行练漂,通过单因素分析法确定低碱短流程工艺：练漂(KA3in1精练剂2%,氢氧化钠1.5%,27.5%的H₂O₂ 9%,105℃,50 min),热水洗1道,冷水洗2道,再进行酸中和;处理的脱脂纱布符合YY0331—2006《脱脂棉纱布、脱脂棉黏胶混纺纱布的性能要求和试验方法》的各项性能指标要求。与常规练漂工艺比较,低碱短流程工艺具有操作简单,用时短,用水量减少,排放污水COD、NH3-N较低,可以降低生产成本的优点。     

YY0331—2006《脱脂棉纱布、脱脂棉粘胶混纺纱布的性能要求和试验方法》标准探讨

通过对YY0331—2006《脱脂棉纱布、脱脂棉粘胶混纺纱布的性能要求和试验方法》标准的学习,结合实际应用对标准中的部分条款进行分析,并提出了改进建议。     

浅谈脱脂棉、脱脂纱布的质量检验

脱脂棉、脱脂纱布是医院消毒器械、清理外伤及手术必用的医用敷料,也是卫生系统经营单位必有的商品品种。近几年,随着市场经济的发展,有些不法生产者和推销者在利益的驱动下使一些假冒劣质的脱脂棉和纱布流入市场,至使医疗单位及患者深受其害。因此开展脱脂棉、脱脂纱布的质量检验是十分必要的。     

纤检机构开展医用纤维质量监督检查 情况不容乐观

从2001年2月开始，江苏省徐州市纤维检验所对徐州市17家医院和2个药店在用和经销的脱脂棉、脱脂纱布等医用敷料质量情况进行了执法检查，共涉及11个生产企业，抽样37批，其中脱脂棉(球)19批，脱脂纱布18批。检验结果：脱脂棉(球)合格9批，合格率为47．4％；     

医用敷料质量状况令人担忧

医用脱脂棉、脱脂纱布、脱脂绷带是医疗单位日常消毒,擦洗外伤及手术必用的敷料,其质量优劣直接影响到医疗效果,关系到患者的健康安全。近日,市技术监督局纺织纤维检验所对全市部分医疗单位和医药经营单位使用、经营的脱脂棉、脱脂纱布、脱脂绷带等医用敷料进行了专项检查。共检查了19个经营使用单位,抽样45批次,经检验全部不合格。质量状况令人担忧。存在的主要问题是水中可溶物,醚中可溶物、炽灼残渣严重超标;生产脱脂棉的原料全部是不孕籽回收棉和棉短绒,不符合标准要求;脱脂棉的经、纬密度也不符合标准规定。这些问题容易形成吸水力差、使用性能弱,不仅造成伤口难以愈合,而且容易引起炎症。造     

可溶性止血医用棉纱布的性能分析及制备

说明可溶性止血医用棉纱布的重要性,对可溶性止血医用棉纱布的性能进行分析,阐述可溶性止血医用棉纱布应用及发展现状。将国内外技术和价格进行对比,提出了一种可溶性止血医用棉纱布的制备方法:首先,准备必要的制备材料,打散纤维;其次,与氢氧化钠水溶液反应、静止碱化和醚化反应等;再次,用相关化学制剂洗涤,将得到的羧甲基化溶剂纺纤维素纤维进行风干、织布、包装、消毒等;最后,加工得到成品。     

刍议医用棉纱布层结构设计及其定向吸液能力

医用棉纱布层结构设计直接影响其定向吸液能力的强弱。通过试验,分别阐述了吸收层、伤口接触层以及纱布中间结构设计对医用棉纱布定向吸液能力的影响,分析了医用棉纱布层结构,希望能够为医疗事业的发展提供助力。     

氧化壳聚糖/丝胶复合物的制备及其对棉织物的功能整理

为开发高品质的棉制品,采用氧化壳聚糖与丝胶蛋白共价结合制备氧化壳聚糖/丝胶蛋白复合物,将其应用于棉织物的功能改性整理。研究了各因素对棉织物质量增加率的影响,得出最优工艺参数。利用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对复合物及其整理后的棉织物进行分析与表征。结果表明:壳聚糖经高碘酸钠氧化后引入活性基团醛基,与丝胶产生席夫碱反应制成复合物整理剂,将复合物应用于棉织物的整理,可与纤维产生化学键合,并在其表面交联成膜;随着壳聚糖氧化度的增加,复合物中丝胶溶失率明显减少;复合物改性棉织物的强力和吸湿性变化不大,而折皱回复性、防紫外线性和抑菌性均明显提高;3次水洗后,棉织物的质量增加率稳定在4%左右,其耐洗性能良好。     

碱预处理对棉纤维选择性氧化的影响

 采用氢氧化钠对棉纤维进行预处理,再进行选择性氧化,可以有效提高氧化棉纤维的醛基生成量。对比研究经高碘酸盐选择性氧化后碱预处理棉纤维与普通棉纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:经碱预处理后棉纤维化学组成无变化,但当碱液质量分数增加到25%,其晶形结构从纤维素Ⅰ逐渐转化为纤维素Ⅱ,且结晶度不断下降,使棉纤维对高碘酸盐的可及度和反应性大大提高。通过红外光谱分析可知,经碱预处理的氧化棉纤维醛基吸收峰强度大于未预处理的氧化棉纤维。在8和32 g/L高碘酸钠氧化条件下,氧化棉纤维醛基含量随碱液质量分数增加均不断提高,而其结晶度不断下降,但当碱液浓度和氧化剂质量分数较高时,氧化过程中棉纤维的醛基增加量和降解程度都趋于平缓。     

水刺非织造布替代脱脂纱布的可行性研究

对水刺法非织造布与传统脱脂纱布的医用性能和技术指标进行了比较和对照分析,重点介绍了医用水刺非织造布的特点及其使用性能,并讨论了用其替代传统脱脂纱布的可行性。     

羊毛角蛋白改性氧化棉纤维的工艺研究

利用自制的羊毛角蛋白溶液对高碘酸钠选择性氧化的棉纤维进行改性整理,研究了角蛋白溶液对氧化棉纤维的改性工艺。与未经氧化的原棉相比,相同改性条件下经选择性氧化的棉纤维与角蛋白的结合量明显增加。讨论了不同工艺条件对氧化棉纤维增重率和力学性能的影响,得出羊毛角蛋白改性氧化棉纤维的优化工艺,并得出经角蛋白溶液整理后的氧化棉纤维力学性能略有提高。     

Oxidation of Maize and Rice Starches Using Sodium Chlorite Along with Formaldehyde

Maize and rice starches were independently oxidized with sodium chlorite in absence and presence of formaldehyde. The treatment was carried out under different conditions including sodium chlorite and formaldehyde concentrations and duration. Since the treatment involves degradation of starch via oxidation, the treated starch samples were monitored for carboxyl and carbonyl contents as well as apparent viscosity at different rates of shear. Results obtained indicated that with both starches the percent chlorite decomposed increases as the formaldehyde concentration increases within the range studied (0.0–0.3 g/100 starch). The same holds true for the duration of oxidation (15–90min). The apparent viscosity of starch before and after oxidation decreases as the rate of shear increases. Maize starch is more susceptible to oxidation than rice starch. When applied as sizing agents for cotton textiles oxidized starches derived from maize and rice starch display better performance than the unoxidized starch but with the superiority of the sizeability and desizeability of oxidized maize starch.     

HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维的制备及其染色性能

 为了实现棉纤维活性染料无盐染色工艺,采用高碘酸钠对棉纤维进行选择性氧化制得氧化棉纤维,以水溶性端氨基超支化合物(HPB—NH2)为改性剂与氧化棉纤维反应制得HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维。讨论HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维制备机制,并采用FT-IR证实了氧化棉纤维中的醛基与HPB—NH2中的端氨基发生了反应。采用活性染料对HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物进行染色试验并测试其染色性能。结果表明,HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物的得色量显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能都令人满意。     

选择性氧化棉纤维的聚集态结构

为了进一步拓展氧化纤维素的应用领域,采用高碘酸钠对棉纤维进行选择性氧化,制备了二醛基纤维素棉纤维,用红外光谱、X衍射等手段分析了氧化棉纤维的聚集态结构。结果表明轻度氧化棉纤维的结晶度略有提高,而深度氧化棉纤维的结晶度降低;氧化棉纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率随氧化程度的提高不断降低。     

Experimental study on hydrogen peroxide-free processing machine-made silk floss北大核心CSCD

Silk is a kind of natural fiber with good luster strength elasticity dyeability hygroscopicity and other advantages. Silk products are quite popular to the customers because of their excellent performance such as heat preservation air permeability and so on which make them comfortable to use. Silk floss which is made from pupa lining secondary cocoon etc. can be used as floc and filler materials and is an important part of silk products. According to its production mode silk floss can be divided into manual silk floss and machine-made silk floss and the latter has become the main processing mode of silk floss production due to its high production efficiency. In terms of composition silk flossing generally contains 20% - 30% sericin pupa oil and impurities so in the degumming process in addition to adding sodium carbonate and other degumming agents to remove sericin a large amount of hydrogen peroxide with strong oxidation property is also used to increase the cleanliness and smoothness. Unfortunately hydrogen peroxide is highly flammable and explosive and poses a risk in transportation and storage causing potential safety hazards to the silk processing industry. In order to solve this problem we innovatively propose two hydrogen peroxide-free processing methods of machine-made silk floss by using sodium percarbonate degumming or sodium carbonate-ozone. As an environmentally friendly solid oxidant sodium percarbonate can produce hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate after decomposition and is often used to degrade organic harmful substances. Similarly ozone is a common strong oxidant with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and because ozone can be produced instantly by ozone generators there is no risk of transport and storage. Silk is composed of silk fibroin and sericin. Among them silk fibroin is fibrous protein which will swell in hot water while sericin is globular protein which is easy to dissolve in hot water. As a result in this paper heated sodium percarbonate solution and sodium carbonate-ozone system were used to deglue silk floss. The methods were as follows silk floss was degummed three times in boiling 0. 78 g / L sodium percarbonate solution for 30 minutes each time or was degummed three times in boiled 0. 5 g / L Na2 CO3 solution with ozone continuously flow at a rate of 100 mg / L - h for 30 minutes each time. After cleaning and drying the degummed silk floss can be obtained. After the experiment the apparent morphology sericin residual efficiency impurity rate compression resilience whiteness and other silk floss quality indexes of the two methods were analyzed and compared with superior machine-made silk floss processed by commercial way with hydrogen peroxide. The results show that both two processing methods got uniform degumming effect of silk floss and the surface of the single fiber was smooth and the degumming effect was basically the same as that of commercial products prepared with hydrogen peroxide. The sericin residual rate of silk floss was between 3% - 4% which was in line with the requirements of less than 5% of superior silk floss. There was no significant difference between silk floss obtained and commercial superior products in smoothness and whiteness. In conclusion the performance of silk floss in all aspects has reached the standard of superior products that is the sericin content is not more than 5% the impurity content is not more than 0. 1% the compression rate is not less than 45% and the response rate is not less than 92% . Based on the experimental results and analysis it can be concluded that the machine-made silk floss with good performance can be prepared without hydrogen peroxide showing the feasibility of processing machine-made silk floss without hydrogen peroxide which is of great significance to the research and development of a safe and reliable oxidant system for the removal of impurities in silk floss and to further improve the safety of machine-made silk floss production process. © 2022 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.