太赫兹光场数据采集与数字重聚焦实验研究

本文对太赫兹光场数据采集与数字重聚焦成像进行实验研究。太赫兹成像因其穿透性、无损性等优点,近年来备受国内外研究者关注。太赫兹波段的光场成像技术有望增强图像质量、改善应用效果。本文在分析光场成像基本原理、系统结构、重建方法的基础上,应用太赫兹焦平面阵列相机进行太赫兹光场数据采集和数字重聚焦实验。首先采集太赫兹光场原始数据,然后通过数字重聚焦进行计算成像,最后对重构图像做增强处理,得到了深度、角度及目标物轮廓分辨力强的太赫兹图像。实验证明了太赫兹光场成像技术的可行性及其改善图像质量、丰富复现效果的能力。     

连续太赫兹波数字全息相衬成像

太赫兹波具有独特的低能性、高穿透性、惧水性等成像特性,将其应用于相衬成像能够反映物体的内部结构和更加丰富全面的生物信息,在生物医学检测等领域具有重要的应用。其中,太赫兹波数字全息成像是一种可以给出定量的振幅和相位信息的非接触、全场相衬成像方法,是太赫兹成像技术领域的重要研究方向之一。本文基于连续太赫兹源,从离轴式和同轴式数字全息成像的相衬成像原理、光路系统和再现算法多个方面,介绍了相关技术的研究现状,分析了太赫兹源、再现算法等因素对成像分辨率的影响,并对太赫兹数字全息的发展趋势进行了展望。     

太赫兹成像技术在肿瘤检测中的应用

太赫兹(THz)波是频率位于0.1 THz^10 THz的电磁波。因其具有非电离性,以及可与多数生物分子产生共振响应等特性,在生物医学领域有着巨大应用潜力,尤其在肿瘤检测方面。太赫兹成像技术作为生物医学领域一种新的成像技术,吸引国内外多个研究小组对其开展深入研究。本文列举分析了多种太赫兹成像技术在肿瘤检测的应用,其中可分为太赫兹扫描成像、太赫兹层析成像、太赫兹全息成像以及太赫兹近场成像,介绍了这些成像方式的基本原理以及国内外研究现状,最后对太赫兹成像技术在生物领域的未来做出展望。     

太赫兹脉冲焦平面成像技术的发展与应用

作为太赫兹技术中的重要组成部分,太赫兹脉冲焦平面成像一经问世就引起了行业内的广泛关注,人们引入了各种方法去提升此成像技术的测量性能,同时也尝试将此成像技术应用于不同的工业和基础研究领域。本文综述了近年来人们对太赫兹脉冲焦平面成像的技术改良和应用研究,包括提升成像系统的空间分辨率、信噪比、信息获取能力,以及将此成像技术应用于光谱识别检测、超表面器件功能验证、太赫兹特殊光束测量、太赫兹表面波观测等,希望该综述能够推动太赫兹脉冲焦平面成像的进一步技术革新和应用拓展。     

太赫兹成像技术专题导读

太赫兹波是指频率在0.1到30太赫兹(THz)范围内的电磁波辐射,它在非极性物质中具有较好的透过性并具有较低的单光子能量,在生物医药检测、半导体特性表征、人体安全检查、无损探伤等众多科研和工业领域具有极强的应用价值。随着太赫兹源与探测器技术的发展,太赫兹成像技术逐渐成熟,并开始走向应用。本专题主要从方法和应用两个方面介绍太赫兹成像技术的发展及未来。     

太赫兹医学成像研究进展

太赫兹波所具有的无损性以及大量生物分子在太赫兹频段的指纹特性,使其在医学成像领域有着良好的应用前景。本文首先简要概述了太赫兹的医学成像技术手段,其次分别介绍了太赫兹在离体、活体组织中成像的研究现状。生物组织中的水会对太赫兹波产生强吸收,使得成像对比度受限。目前,为了减少组织中的水对成像的影响,针对离体组织的太赫兹成像大多需要进行切片、脱水等预处理,活体中的成像则主要应用在浅表组织。文章重点介绍了活体成像中有望提高太赫兹成像对比度的纳米粒子造影剂,最后对太赫兹医学成像的发展进行了展望。     

应用在人体安检中的太赫兹近场MIMO-SAR技术

太赫兹近场多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)技术具有在保证分辨率同时降低阵元数量的优势,在人体安检中有重要的研究和应用价值。该文首先介绍了应用在人体安检领域的太赫兹近场MIMO-SAR技术系统现状,将典型系统进行了归纳和对比;其次介绍阵列设计,对典型面阵列的指标特性进行了仿真对比;介绍典型的成像算法和加速方法,比较成像算法的图像重构速度。最后对发展进行了展望。     

基于太赫兹量子阱光电探测器的成像技术研究进展

太赫兹(THz)波对非极性材料有较好的穿透性,对生物医学组织无电离效应,因而非常适合无损检测、生物医学成像等应用。THz量子阱光电探测器(THz QWPs)具有响应速度快、响应率高、噪声等效功率低、体积小的特点。相较于其他探测器,THz QWPs作为成像系统接收器时,系统具有成像分辨率高、成像速度快、成像信噪比高、结构紧凑等优势。本文综述了基于THz QWPs的成像研究进展,并对成像系统核心指标的影响因素进行了分析和总结。采用更稳定的装置固定THz QWPs,提升器件响应速度、探测灵敏度、阵列规模,可以有效提升系统各项核心性能。     

基于太赫兹成像的输送带撕裂检测与分类识别研究

针对现有输送带撕裂检测方法存在灵敏度和安全性能低,且无法消除复杂工作环境带来的影响等问题,提出了一种基于太赫兹成像技术的输送带撕裂检测方法。设计并搭建了连续波太赫兹反射式成像系统,采集输送带撕裂的太赫兹图像;对原始图像进行滤波等处理获得低噪声太赫兹图像;最后搭建了基于机器学习太赫兹图像自动分类识别系统,该系统通过提取太赫兹图像的灰度直方图统计特征和几何特征,构建太赫兹图像特征库,并利用特征选择去除特征冗余,最终结合分类器实现对输送带撕裂种类的自动分类与识别。结果表明：通过太赫兹反射式成像系统对输送带进行成像实验,验证了太赫兹波成像技术检测输送带撕裂的可行性;太赫兹图像自动分类识别系统实现了对输送带3种撕裂种类的自动分类与识别,在组合特征下,使用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）的分类准确率可达91.6%。     

太赫兹技术在水泥基材料研究中的应用

本文介绍了太赫兹波的特性以及太赫兹技术的工作原理及其应用,重点介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术和太赫兹成像技术在水泥水化过程、水泥基材料的微观结构检测和水泥基材料耐久性能三方面的研究进展.利用太赫兹光谱技术可跟踪硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙以及主要水化产物水化硅酸钙、氢氧化钙在水化过程中的变化情况;利用水分对太赫兹波强烈吸收的特性,能够...     

Three-dimensional terahertz wave imaging

Pulsed terahertz (THz) wave sensing and imaging is a coherent measurement technology. Like radar, based on the phase and amplitude of the THz pulse at each frequency, THz waves provide temporal and spectroscopic information that allows us to develop various three-dimensional (3D) terahertz tomographic imaging modalities. The 3D THz tomographic imaging methods we investigated include THz time-of-flight tomography, THz computed tomography (CT) and THz binary lens tomography. THz time-of-flight uses the THz pulses as a probe beam to temporally mark the target, and then constructs a 3D image of the target using the THz waves scattered by the target. THz CT is based on geometrical optics and inspired from X-ray CT. THz binary lens tomography uses the frequency-dependent focal-length property of binary lenses to obtain tomographic images of an object. Three-dimensional THz imaging has potential in such applications as non-destructive inspection. The interaction between a coherent THz pulse and an object provides rich information about the object under study; therefore, 3D THz imaging can be used to inspect or characterize dielectric and semiconductor objects. For example, 3D THz imaging has been used to detect and identify the defects inside a Space Shuttle insulation tile.     

基于金刚石氮-空位色心的磁测量技术

磁测量是推动人类社会发展不可或缺的技术之一。以高探测灵敏度、高空间分辨率等关键指标作为牵引，近年来，多种量子体系被用于精密磁测量技术发展，金刚石氮-空位色心固态自旋体系就是其中之一。本文简述了氮-空位色心体系的精密磁测量技术及其应用研究，介绍了基于金刚石氮-空位色心自旋体系磁测量的原理和优势、基于该体系的磁测量方法研究工作、以及面向材料成像和生命科学等领域开展的研究工作，指出了未来基于金刚石氮-空位色心体系的精密磁测量技术有望发展新型矢量高灵敏度、高空间分辨率磁测量装备，为更多研究领域譬如地磁测绘、工业无损检测等重大应用提供新的支撑。     

Broadband and polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber based on hybrid structures in the infrared region

In this work, a new type of metamaterial absorber is proposed in the infrared region. This structure consists of metal-dielectric-metal. But the difference is that a square groove in the dielectric has been dug, and replaced by a metal. The simulated results show that this structure can achieve a broadband absorption. And the absorption bandwidth can be realized from 60.5 to 115.5 THz when the absorption efficiency is larger than 90%. And this structure is polarization-insensitive for incident electromagnetic waves. In addition, the structure can also achieve better absorption effect for a large incident angle, especially for TM polarized wave. What is more, a remarkably enhanced bandwidth can be realized by using a metal to fill the square groove which is dug in the dielectric. To further explain the mechanism of high absorption, the distribution of the electromagnetic field and power loss density at the resonance frequencies are analysed. And these novel properties make the absorbers have many applications including sensor, cloaking, etc.     

基于空耦换能器的碳纤维增强环氧树脂编织复合材料激光超声检测技术

激光超声技术具有无需耦合剂、快速及高分辨等特点,适用于各向异性碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的缺陷检测。运用有限元法分析了激励位置和编织结构对激光点源激发超声波信号的影响,获得了弹性波在材料内部的传播规律以及能量分布特征,并采用1 MHz空气耦合换能器搭建了一套小型化、低成本的非接触激光超声C扫描成像系统,开展了斜纹和缎纹碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的近表微结构和内部缺陷检测实验。结果表明,基于空气耦合换能器的激光超声成像可以高精度地再现碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的近表树脂囊、碳纤维束形状、取向、尺寸及其内部缺陷等空间分布特征,有望为航空复合材料提供一种原位的微结构表征和缺陷检测方法。      

Nanoscale localization sampling based on nanoantenna arrays for super-resolution imaging of fluorescent monomers on sliding microtubules

Sub-diffraction-limited imaging of fluorescent monomers on sliding microtubules in vitro by nanoscale localization sampling (NLS) is reported. NLS is based on periodic nanohole antenna arrays that create locally amplified electromagnetic hot spots through surface plasmon localization. The localized near-field hot spot temporally samples microtubular movement for enhanced spatial resolution. A fourfold improvement in spatial resolution compared to conventional wide-field microscopy is demonstrated. The resolution enhancement is achieved by imaging rhodamine-labeled microtubules that are sampled by the hot spots to provide sub-diffraction-limited images at 76 nm resolution in the direction of movement and 135 nm orthogonally. The intensity distribution produced by the NLS is measured to be broader than that of conventional imaging, which is consistent with the improvement of imaging resolution. Correlation studies between neighboring nanoantennas are also performed. This confirms the possibility of measuring microtubular transport dynamics. NLS can be useful for moving objects that have a high labeling density or for performing fluctuation spectroscopy in small volumes, and may allow "super-resolution on demand" by customizing nanoantenna structures for specific resolution needs.     

Towards excimer-laser-based stereolithography: a rapid process to fabricate rigid biodegradable photopolymer scaffolds

We demonstrate high-resolution photocross-linking of biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and diethyl fumarate (DEF) using UV excimer laser photocuring at 308 nm. The curing depth can be tuned in a micrometre range by adjusting the total energy dose (total fluence). Young''s moduli of the scaffolds are found to be a few gigapascal, high enough to support bone formation. The results presented here demonstrate that the proposed technique is an excellent tool for the fabrication of stiff and biocompatible structures on a micrometre scale with defined patterns of high resolution in all three spatial dimensions. Using UV laser photocuring at 308 nm will significantly improve the speed of rapid prototyping of biocompatible and biodegradable polymer scaffolds and enables its production in a few seconds, providing high lateral and horizontal resolution. This short timescale is indeed a tremendous asset that will enable a more efficient translation of technology to clinical applications. Preliminary cell tests proved that PPF : DEF scaffolds produced by excimer laser photocuring are biocompatible and, therefore, are promising candidates to be applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.