自然环境视频中基于显著鲁棒轨迹的行为识别

目的人类行为识别是计算机视觉领域的一个重要研究课题。由于背景复杂、摄像机抖动等原因,在自然环境视频中识别人类行为存在困难。针对上述问题,提出一种基于显著鲁棒轨迹的人类行为识别算法。方法该算法使用稠密光流技术在多尺度空间中跟踪显著特征点,并使用梯度直方图(HOG)、光流直方图(HOF)和运动边界直方图(MBH)特征描述显著轨迹。为了有效消除摄像机运动带来的影响,使用基于自适应背景分割的摄像机运动估计技术增强显著轨迹的鲁棒性。然后,对于每一类特征分别使用Fisher Vector模型将一个视频表示为一个Fisher向量,并使用线性支持向量机对视频进行分类。结果在4个公开数据集上,显著轨迹算法比Dense轨迹算法的实验结果平均高1%。增加摄像机运动消除技术后,显著鲁棒轨迹算法比显著轨迹算法的实验结果平均高2%。在4个数据集(即Hollywood2、You Tube、Olympic Sports和UCF50)上,显著鲁棒轨迹算法的实验结果分别是65.8%、91.6%、93.6%和92.1%,比目前最好的实验结果分别高1.5%、2.6%、2.5%和0.9%。结论实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地识别自然环境视频中的人类行为,并且具有较低的时间复杂度。     

Human action recognition with salient trajectories and multiple kernel learning

Action recognition in videos plays an important role in the field of computer vision and multimedia, and there exist lots of challenges due to the complexity of spatial and temporal information. Trajectory-based approach has shown to be efficient recently, and a new framework and algorithm of trajectory space information based multiple kernel learning (TSI-MKL) is exploited in this paper. First, dense trajectories are extracted as raw features, and three saliency maps are computed corresponding to color, space, and optical flow on frames at the same time. Secondly, a new method combining above saliency maps is proposed to filter the achieved trajectories, by which a set of salient trajectories only containing foreground motion regions is obtained. Afterwards, a novel two-layer clustering is developed to cluster the obtained trajectories into several semantic groups and the ultimate video representation is generated by encoding each group. Finally, representations of different semantic groups are fed into the proposed kernel function of a multiple kernel classifier. Experiments are conducted on three popular video action datasets and the results demonstrate that our presented approach performs competitively compared with the state-of-the-art.     

一种用于异常行为检测的运动特征描述子

目前,用于描述视频中人群的运动信息大多是基于光流的速度描述子。事实上,加速度蕴含丰富的运动信息,能够提供速度描述子在描述复杂运动模式时缺失的信息,以更好地表征复杂的运动模式。文中研究了一种运动特征描述子,使用受限玻尔兹曼机模型进行异常行为检测。首先,提取视频中的光流场信息,计算帧间加速度光流;然后,对一个时空块中的加速度信息进行直方图统计,将若干帧的所有时空块直方图特征进行拼接,从而获得加速度描述子;最后,在仅包含正常行为的训练集上建立受限玻尔兹曼机模型,在测试阶段根据测试视频重建特征与原始特征的误差大小进行异常检测。实验表明,所提出的加速度描述子结合速度描述子,在UMN数据集与UCF-Web数据集上,ROC曲线下的面积分别达到了0.984与0.958,相较于其他算法,所提方法取得了更高的异常行为检测准确率。     

基于局部描述子的人体行为识别

提出一种新的局部时空特征描述方法对视频序列进行识别和分类。结合SURF和光流检测图像中的时空兴趣点,并利用相应的描述子表示兴趣点。用词袋模型表示视频数据,结合SVM对包含不同行为的视频进行训练和分类。为了检测这种时空特征的有效性,通过UCF YouTube数据集进行了测试。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够有效识别各种场景下的人体行为。     

联合特征在行人检测中的应用

提出一种基于动态和静态联合特征的行人检测方法,用于运动背景下的行人检测。运动背景的检测难度在于背景与目标的分离,该方法采用一种改进的Nagel二阶梯度光流算法生成图像的光流场,从中提取行人运动特征(MBH)和IMH(internal motion histograms),增强特征重复性以提高鉴别能力。实验中使用Libsvm训练线性SVM(support vector machine)分类器,使用Mean Shift算法优化分类结果。实验在1 093组图像上获得98%的识别率,证明该方法可以在运动背景下的图像序列上获得较出色的检测效果。     

Recognizing 50 human action categories of web videos

Action recognition on large categories of unconstrained videos taken from the web is a very challenging problem compared to datasets like KTH (6 actions), IXMAS (13 actions), and Weizmann (10 actions). Challenges like camera motion, different viewpoints, large interclass variations, cluttered background, occlusions, bad illumination conditions, and poor quality of web videos cause the majority of the state-of-the-art action recognition approaches to fail. Also, an increased number of categories and the inclusion of actions with high confusion add to the challenges. In this paper, we propose using the scene context information obtained from moving and stationary pixels in the key frames, in conjunction with motion features, to solve the action recognition problem on a large (50 actions) dataset with videos from the web. We perform a combination of early and late fusion on multiple features to handle the very large number of categories. We demonstrate that scene context is a very important feature to perform action recognition on very large datasets. The proposed method does not require any kind of video stabilization, person detection, or tracking and pruning of features. Our approach gives good performance on a large number of action categories; it has been tested on the UCF50 dataset with 50 action categories, which is an extension of the UCF YouTube Action (UCF11) dataset containing 11 action categories. We also tested our approach on the KTH and HMDB51 datasets for comparison.     

基于特征传播的时域分割网络行为识别

为了高效、准确地获得视频中的行为类别和运动信息,减少计算的复杂度,文中提出一种融合特征传播和时域分割网络的视频行为识别算法.首先将视频分为3个小片段,分别从相应片段中提取关键帧,从而实现对长时间视频的建模;然后设计一个包含特征传播表观信息流和FlowNet运动信息流的改进时域分割网络(P-TSN),分别以RGB关键帧、RGB非关键帧、光流图为输入提取视频的表观信息流和运动信息流;最后将改进时域分割网络的BN-Inception描述子进行平均加权融合后送入Softmax层进行行为识别.在UCF101和HMDB51这2个数据集上分别取得了94.6%和69.4%的识别准确率,表明该算法能够有效地获得视频中空域表观信息和时域运动信息,提高了视频行为识别的准确率.