漫谈机芯动力源 发条基本结构

所有的机械表部都需要动力支持,而这动力全造一根轻巧的弹簧储存并提供。当然,动力发条仅是机芯里各种弹簧的一种。不要小看这简简单单的一根动力发条,没有它,机械表根本玩不转。     

石英机擒电纵调速器及其摆动电机

本文介绍的石英机擒电纵调速器是把石英谐振器的振荡频率信号,通过CMOS集成电路转换成正负间隔的窄脉冲信号,用以驱动摆动电机转子摆动,再经过擒纵机构控制轮系及发条轴(或输出工作轴)匀速转动。     

悬浮式球转子压电作动器的设计及实验研究

针对机械转子式陀螺仪对支承和高转速的特定要求,设计出一种兰杰文振子和压电圆盘复合驱动的定子,从而在定子振动输出面获得足够振幅的行波运动,实现对球转子的超声近场非接触支承和高速驱动。对圆盘定子进行了结构动力学设计,使其工作频率与兰杰文振子频率基本一致。样机模态实验表明复合定子频率一致性较好。通过悬浮高度和转速测试发现,转子悬浮稳定,转速与驱动频率有关,在200 V激励电压下的共振频率附近可获得最大转速3 880  r/min。     

静电陀螺仪空心球转子变形分析

介绍了静电陀螺仪空心球转子的结构。并利用有限元分析软件根据工作环境的不同对转子进行了静态变形、动态变形和综合变形的仿真分析,得出了球转子的变形规律及变形量。为转子的设计、静电陀螺仪的建模提供了重要的理论参考依据。     

发条与双动力发条

发条提供动力的原理 图中显示的是普通弹簧发条的动力输出曲线。我们分析这条曲线会发现,在起始阶段,发条的输出扭矩变化率非常大,也就是所谓的发条扭矩落差非常大。在经过相对平缓的一段增长型输出后,在接近输出终止位置时,扭矩的变化率再次极具增加,发生很大的变化。也就是说,在起始和最后的阶段里,发条动力输出的扭矩落差比较大。     

陀螺仪球轴承结构的发展现状

陀螺仪球轴承,广义上系指作为各种陀螺仪表活动支承用的球轴承而言;然而,人们通常所称呼的陀螺仪球轴承,仅仅系指陀螺仪表中最重要的两种活动支承——高速转子球轴承和灵敏内、外框架球轴承(图1)。随着航空、航海事业中惯性导航技术的飞跃发展,陀螺仪表及其所用的球轴承性能和结构也有了巨大进步。目前,尽管滚动轴承的固有缺点——转子轴承的磨损和框架轴承的摩擦,使高精度陀螺仪表的发展受到了一定的阻碍。人们在探索新的方向,应用新的物理现象设计无高速转动的机械转子的新     

四轴球体研磨机超精密研磨的机理及试验

根据四轴球体研磨机弹簧加压和高点切削作用,运用创成性加工原理和误差均匀化效应对四轴球体研磨机能实现球体超精密研磨的机理作了深入地探讨,解释了该机“以粗干精”的特性,提出了实现球体超精密研磨的基本工艺方法.并以此作指导,对小型静电陀螺仪球形转子的研磨进行了验证.     

静电陀螺仪两种实心铍转子结构分析

以提高静电陀螺仪实心铍转子的加工制造精度为目标,对运用数学及力学基础理论知识分析实心铍转子的结构精度进行了研究。首先介绍了静电陀螺仪实心铍转子的两种经典结构形式,然后利用高等机构学中的坐标变换原理分别对两种结构的转动惯量误差进行计算分析。计算结果表明:所提出的两种经典铍转子结构中,铍球内镶嵌三根空间内相互平行的钽丝转动惯量误差更小、结构精度更高。研究结果为静电陀螺仪实心铍转子结构形式的选择和实心转子的加工制造提供了重要的参考依据。     

仪表发条的设计和计算

发条通常是指起贮能作用的盘簧。当外界对发条作功(即外力矩上紧发条)后,这部分功转化为发条的弹性变形能;当发条工作时,发条的变形又逐渐释放,驱动仪器机械运转而作功。由于发条的工作可靠,维护简单,防潮,防爆,当仪器仪表的野外工作或恶劣的环境气候下工作时,用发条作为能源,更有它突出的优点。发条在自由状态时,占有相当大的体积,常常是发条在轴上完全上紧时所占体积的十余倍甚至更大些。所以,在使用发条时,通常将发条装在发条盒内,使带有发条的仪器机构能     

特宽型发条弹簧的热处理

图1所示的发条弹簧是我厂新产品精梳棉联合机的关键件之一。其材质为T9A钢,厚度为0.4mm,     

基于约束矩阵与蚁群算法的CAPP加工工序优化排序

针对复杂零件工艺方案全局优化难题,提出基于约束矩阵与蚁群算法进行工序优化的方法。约束矩阵包括客观约束矩阵与费用约束矩阵,在分析两个矩阵的基础上,将客观约束矩阵与费用约束矩阵统一为一个矩阵,在此矩阵约束下,用蚁群算法进行工序排序优化,从而保证快速地得到正确的优化工艺序列。结果表明,所提方法具有良好的实用效果。     

High-precision modeling and simulation of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension of commercial vehicles

The taper leaf spring of tandem suspension of commercial vehicle is different from the traditional taper leaf spring. Thus, the professional software MSC.ADAMS/CHASSIS leaf spring, which is specially applied in traditional leaf spring, does not reliably develop the computational model of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension. The multi-body dynamic model of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension, which is developed in this paper, is a secondary development model that is based on the leaf spring model built by MSC.ADAMS/CHASSIS leaf spring. End contact and friction in the modified model are redefined to exhibit the hysteretic characteristics of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension. The test of the taper leaf spring of tandem suspension is conducted to validate the reliability of the modified model. The tests in this paper are divided into two groups. The first group started at an unloaded state at an excitation frequency of 1/30 Hz and amplitude of 70 mm to acquire quasi-static behavior. The second group is conducted at various frequencies (2, 3 and 4 Hz) and various amplitudes (±1, ±3 and ±10 mm) in a loaded state to acquire dynamic behavior. A formula to calculate dynamic spring rate for leaf spring is proposed, and details about the formula are presented. The simulations are conducted under the same conditions as the test. The hysteretic characteristics and the relative error of dynamic spring rate from the test are compared with the ones from the simulations for the validation of the reliability of the modified model.     

A flexible multi-body dynamic model for analyzing the hysteretic characteristics and the dynamic stress of a taper leaf spring

This paper proposes a modeling technique which is able to not only reliably and easily represent the hysteretic characteristics but also analyze the dynamic stress of a taper leaf spring. The flexible multi-body dynamic model of the taper leaf spring is developed by interfacing the finite element model and computation model of the taper leaf spring. Rigid dummy parts are attached at the places where a finite element leaf model is in contact with an adjacent one in order to apply contact model. Friction is defined in the contact model to represent the hysteretic phenomenon of the taper leaf spring. The test of the taper leaf spring is conducted for the validation of the reliability of the flexible multi-body dynamic model of the taper leaf spring developed in this paper. The test is started at an unloaded state with the excitation amplitude of 1–2 mm/sec and frequency of 132 mm. First, the simulation is conducted with the same condition as the test. Then, the simulations are conducted with various amplitudes in a loaded state. The hysteretic diagram from the test is compared with the ones from the simulation for the validation of the reliability of the model. The dynamic stress analysis of the taper leaf spring is also conducted with the developed flexible multi-body dynamic model under a dynamic loading condition.     

基于ADAMS的钢板弹簧多柔体建模及动特性仿真研究

钢板弹簧是悬架中力学性能比较复杂的构件,既是弹性元件,又是传递纵向、侧向地面作用力的传力元件,因此精确建立钢板弹簧模型是构造车辆多体模型的一大难点。根据钢板弹簧的结构和受载特点,考虑其工作过程中的大变形、片间摩擦迟滞性及非线性接触等因素,在ADAMS中精确建立了钢板弹簧的多柔体动力学模型。利用ADAMS软件对其进行动特性仿真,仿真分析的结果与试验数据对比,验证了模型是正确的。     

电子罗盘在全自动智能陀螺寻北仪中的应用

提出了一种电子罗盘取代人工实现粗寻北的方法。根据电子罗盘原理,用DSP从电子罗盘串口实时采集系统与北方向的夹角值,并根据所得角度值驱动系统指向粗北方向,从而代替跟踪逆转点法实现陀螺仪粗寻北自动化。实验结果表明,电子罗盘粗寻北系统提高了机械陀螺仪的粗寻北速度,粗寻北时间由原来的10 min左右减少到1.5 min以内;粗寻北精度可以达到30'以内,满足了中天法精寻北要求。     

对悬架钢板弹簧结构的创新构思

目前国内轻重卡的底盘悬架弹性元件主要是钢板弹簧,它具有结构简单、结实,磨损件最少,使得最初购置成本以及维修、保养成本都低的优点.同时它还具有悬下质量较大,平顺性差的缺点,通过对钢板弹簧结构进行一些改变,使其适应整车轻量化的理念,同时提高使用寿命;降低弹簧刚度,改善汽车平顺性;增加钢板弹簧的纵向角刚度.     

钢板弹簧横置对车辆操纵稳定性影响的研究

针对某车型前悬架,分别采用螺旋弹簧、钢板弹簧进行布置,以此研究钢板弹簧横置对车辆操纵稳定性的影响。在ADAMS软件中搭建车辆前悬架仿真模型,通过仿真对比,得出在悬架刚度相同的情况下,采用钢板弹簧横置方案,前悬架侧倾角刚度相比采用螺旋弹簧布置方案增大42.86%。通过.整车稳态回转工况仿真,得出采用钢板弹簧横置方案可以使车辆侧倾梯度减小17.4%,并使车辆不足转向度减小8.33%。     

十字片簧弹性支承机构的设计

首先建立了接触式台阶测量仪中关键部件———十字片簧支承的杠杆机构的数学模型并对其进行初步设计。直片簧应力有限元分析表明 ,该结构应力分布很不均匀 ;经片簧参数的改进设计 ,得出变截面片簧的设计参数。 0 .2N外加载荷作用下 ,采用Algor有限元软件分别对变截面片簧进行仿真实验 ,最大、最小应力之比由直片簧的 3 1.4降低为7.7,扭转刚度为 0 .0 6N·m ,测量力变化率为 3 6.6N/m ,极大地改善了该机构的机械特性     

Novel method for equivalent stiffness and Coulomb’s damping ratio analyses of leaf spring

The leaf spring is a representative type of laminated structure. Based on the linear theories of curve beams, the first derivatives of the leave??s status-vector of the leaf spring are provided. The first derivatives of the combination status-vector are obtained by properly dealing with the nonlinear interacted forces between adjacent leaves. Moreover, the precise integration technology and the transform matrix method are introduced to solve the equations. The force-displacement curve of a leaf spring is then calculated separately by using the present method and the finite element software ANSYS. From the results, the precision and advantages of the present methods for analyzing the leaf spring are revealed. The Coulomb??s damping ratio of the leaf spring is studied by using the present method.