基于经验模态分析心电信号预处理研究

心电信号是典型的强噪声下非平稳弱信号,其分析效果受各种干扰影响很大。因此,选择有效的滤波方法对心电信号分析有着非常重要的意义。提出一种基于经验模态分解阈值处理的新滤波方法用于心电信号预处理,并以MIT/BIH标准数据库中的心律失常数据作为仿真对象进行仿真分析,并取得了令人满意的消噪效果。     

A portable HCI system‐oriented EEG feature extraction and channel selection for emotion recognition

Emotion recognition has become an important component of human–computer interaction systems. Research on emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are mostly conducted by the analysis of all channels' EEG signals. Although some progresses are achieved, there are still several challenges such as high dimensions, correlation between different features and feature redundancy in the realistic experimental process. These challenges have hindered the applications of emotion recognition to portable human–computer interaction systems (or devices). This paper explores how to find out the most effective EEG features and channels for emotion recognition so as to only collect data as less as possible. First, discriminative features of EEG signals from different dimensionalities are extracted for emotion classification, including the first difference, multiscale permutation entropy, Higuchi fractal dimension, and discrete wavelet transform. Second, relief algorithm and floating generalized sequential backward selection algorithm are integrated as a novel channel selection method. Then, support vector machine is employed to classify the emotions for verifying the performance of the channel selection method and extracted features. At last, experimental results demonstrate that the optimal channel set, which are mostly located at the frontal, has extremely high similarity on the self‐collected data set and the public data set and the average classification accuracy is achieved up to 91.31% with the selected 10‐channel EEG signals. The findings are valuable for the practical EEG‐based emotion recognition systems.     

基于经验模式分解的R波识别及噪声消除

提出了一种新的心电信号R波识别方法,探讨了经验模式分解在心电信号R波识别领域的可行性,并结合该理论给出R波的识别算法,用MIT心电数据库中部分记录进行验证,取得了比较理想的效果.最后应用该理论处理心电信号噪声时,发现去噪的效果优于仅使用小波方法去噪.     

经验模式分解与Hilbert谱的分析及应用

为了验证经验模式分解与Hilbert谱分析的有效性,首先,引出它的概念,指出它在时频变换领域的优点;然后,对其进行了详细阐述,包括瞬时频率求解、经验模式分解过程及Hilbert谱绘制;接着,提出了经验模式分解过程中边缘处理和内在模准则确定问题,并给出了解决方法;最后,用Duffing方程平均频率验证和压电智能结构中压电片局部脱胶试验2个实例对该方法进行了理论和试验验证,结果表明:经验模式分解与Hilbert谱是一种有效的时频信号分析方法。     

基于经验模式分解的骨密度参数检测

轴向定量超声法诊断骨质疏松症成本低、辐射小、检测能力强,已成为一种检测骨密度的简便、有效方法.根据超声在长骨中轴向传播特性,定量超声在长骨中的传播速度可以表征人体的骨质状况.本系统通过自行研发的数据采集模块采集超声信号,然后通过改进的信号处理方法滤去噪声,提取出超声在长骨中的传播速度,成功实现并优化了骨密度参数检测方法...     

经验模态分解和形态学在图像边缘检测中的应用

针对传统边缘检测算法存在的边缘分辨率较低、抗干扰性较差等问题,提出了一种基于二维经验模态分解和数学形态学结合的图像边缘检测算法。从二维经验模态分解理论出发,把图像分解为多尺度下的细节和轮廓,对图像分解的弱边缘信息适当加强;从灰度形态学的角度出发,对加强边缘信息的图像,进行腐蚀或膨胀以及边缘提取,得到其边缘。实验结果表明,该方法在有效抑制噪声的同时,实现了边缘的精确定位,细节提取效果良好。     

经验模式分解与时间序列分析在网络流量预测中的应用

提出一种经验模式分解和时间序列分析的网络流量预测方法. 首先,对网络流量时间序列进行经验模式分解,产生高低频分量和余量;然后,对各分量进行时间序列分析,确保高频分量采用改进和声搜索算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机模型、低频分量和余量采用差分自回归滑动平均模型进行建模和预测;最后,将预测结果通过RBF神经网络进行非线性叠加,得到最终的预测值.仿真实验表明,所提出方法具有更好的预测效果和更高的预测精度.     

基于二维经验模态和均值滤波的图像去噪方法

提出了一种新的图像去噪方法。此方法通过二维经验模态（BEMD）将噪声图像分解为一系列不同频带的子图像。对低频近似图像保持不变,对高频细节图像采用不同的模板进行均值滤波,最后将低频近似图像和均值滤波后的图像合成为去噪后的图像。实验结果表明该方法在滤除图像噪声的同时,又能较好地保留图像的边缘细节,其滤波效果优于单一的BEMD图像去噪和均值滤波图像去噪以及小波变换和均值滤波图像去噪方法。     

基于谱插值与经验模态分解的表面肌电信号降噪处理*

根据表面肌电(surface electromyography, sEMG)信号的噪声特性来探讨其降噪方法的应用问题。采用谱插值法来削弱工频干扰以避免工频处的肌电信息成分丢失,再选取通过经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)方法获得的内在模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)分量作小波软阈值分析,并将部分明显的低频IMF干扰分量及冗余分量去除,然后对相应IMF分量进行重构便可得到降噪处理后的sEMG信号。仿真和真实信号的降噪实验结果     

Analysis of normal and epileptic seizure EEG signals using empirical mode decomposition

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an invaluable measurement for the purpose of assessing brain activities, containing information relating to the different physiological states of the brain. It is a very effective tool for understanding the complex dynamical behavior of the brain. This paper presents the application of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for analysis of EEG signals. The EMD decomposes a EEG signal into a finite set of bandlimited signals termed intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The Hilbert transformation of IMFs provides analytic signal representation of IMFs. The area measured from the trace of the analytic IMFs, which have circular form in the complex plane, has been used as a feature in order to discriminate normal EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. It has been shown that the area measure of the IMFs has given good discrimination performance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于经验模态分解和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

本文针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,首先提出一种自适应波形匹配的延拓方法对经验模态分解(EMD)存在的端点效应进行改进,然后基于改进的EMD和粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)设计了一种两阶段的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.离线阶段对典型的正常、故障振动信号进行EMD分解并提取能量信息作为特征,送入PSO–SVM进行训练并保存模型待用,在线阶段对实时的振动信号进行EMD分解并提取特征,利用离线阶段训练好的模型进行诊断并输出诊断结果.使用美国西储大学轴承数据对该方法进行了验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Automatic sleep staging using empirical mode decomposition,discrete wavelet transform,time-domain,and nonlinear dynamics features of heart rate variability signals

The conventional method for sleep staging is to analyze polysomnograms (PSGs) recorded in a sleep lab. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most important signals in PSGs but recording and analysis of this signal presents a number of technical challenges, especially at home. Instead, electrocardiograms (ECGs) are much easier to record and may offer an attractive alternative for home sleep monitoring. The heart rate variability (HRV) signal proves suitable for automatic sleep staging. Thirty PSGs from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) database were used. Three feature sets were extracted from 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments: time-domain features, nonlinear-dynamics features and time–frequency features. The latter was achieved by using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) methods. Normalized energies in important frequency bands of HRV signals were computed using time–frequency methods. ANOVA and t-test were used for statistical evaluations. Automatic sleep staging was based on HRV signal features. The ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferroni was used for individual feature assessment. Most features were beneficial for sleep staging. A t-test was used to compare the means of extracted features in 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments. The results showed that the extracted features means were statistically similar for a small number of features. A separability measure showed that time–frequency features, especially EMD features, had larger separation than others. There was not a sizable difference in separability of linear features between 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments but separability of nonlinear features, especially EMD features, decreased in 0.5-min HRV segments. HRV signal features were classified by linear discriminant (LD) and quadratic discriminant (QD) methods. Classification results based on features from 5-min segments surpassed those obtained from 0.5-min segments. The best result was obtained from features using 5-min HRV segments classified by the LD classifier. A combination of linear/nonlinear features from HRV signals is effective in automatic sleep staging. Moreover, time–frequency features are more informative than others. In addition, a separability measure and classification results showed that HRV signal features, especially nonlinear features, extracted from 5-min segments are more discriminative than those from 0.5-min segments in automatic sleep staging.     

基于神经网络的语音情感识别

研究目的就是通过深入分析各种语音情感特征,找出其中对情感识别有较大贡献的特征,并寻找适合的模型将有效特征加以利用。分析和研究了多位科学家在进行语音情感分析过程中采用的方法和技术,通过总结和创新建立了语音情感语料库,并成功地提取了相关的语音信号的特征。研究了基音频率、振幅能量和共振峰等目前常用的情感特征在语音情感识别中的作用,重点研究了MFCC和?驻MFCC,实验发现特征筛选后系统的识别效果有着一定程度的提高。将处理后的频谱特征参数同原有的BP人工神经网络模型有效地结合起来,形成完整的语音情感识别系统,取得了较为满意的识别结果。     

高速列车转向架故障信号的聚合经验模态分解和 模糊熵特征分析

为了对高速列车转向架关键部件进行状态监测,利用转向架故障振动信号的特点,提出了一种结合聚合经验模态分解和模糊熵的特征提取方法.对故障信号进行聚合经验模态分解,得到一系列具有不同物理意义的简单成分信号,采用相关分析法选取最能反映原信号特征的本征模态函数.对这些本征模态函数和原信号分别计算模糊熵值构成多尺度复杂性度量的特征向量,输入最小二乘支持向量机中进行分类识别,与模糊熵特征相比得到了更好的识别效果,证明了算法的有效性.     

Enabling people who are blind to experience science inquiry learning through sound‐based mediation

This paper addresses a central need among people who are blind, access to inquiry‐based science learning materials, which are addressed by few other learning environments that use assistive technologies. In this study, we investigated ways in which learning environments based on sound mediation can support science learning by blind people. We used NetLogo, a multi‐agent programmable modeling environment that is widely used for learning about complex systems. In order to provide blind people with access to such models, we used a component that supports sound‐based mediation. The sound‐based mediation provided real‐time information regarding objects' speed, location, and interactions with other objects. We examined blind people's learning about a chemical system of contained gas particles. The study employs a pre‐test intervention–post‐test design. Four adults participated individually in the study. They achieved most referent‐representation connections; their scientific conceptual knowledge became more specific and aligned with scientific knowledge; and their systems reasoning showed greater discrimination and relation between components. Discussion addresses learning with sound‐based mediation in broader terms and suggests further research into the potential of this unique type of low‐cost learning environment to assist blind people in their science learning.     

Behavior generation for interactive virtual humans using context‐dependent interaction meshes and automated constraint extraction

Interaction meshes are a promising approach for generating natural behaviors of virtual characters during ongoing user interactions. In this paper, we propose several extensions to the interaction mesh approach based on statistical analyses of the underlying example interactions. By applying principal component analysis and correlation analysis in addition to joint distance calculations, both the interaction mesh topology and the constraints used for mesh optimization can be generated in an automated fashion that accounts for the spatial and temporal contexts of the interaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于经验模态分解差分谱的故障选线新方法

提出了一种基于经验模态分解差分谱的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线新方法。该方法采用经验模态分解方法分解故障发生后各条线路的暂态零序电流,提取出各条线路的高频IMF1分量,并根据差分谱和波动值的定义,求出各条线路的IMF1分量差分谱及IMF1分量波动值;通过比较各条线路的IMF1分量波动值,得出IMF1分量波动值最大的线路,则该线路即为故障线路。仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的选线准确度,适用于不同接地电阻与不同故障初相角情况下的小电流接地系统故障选线。     

基于小波分解和优选的VLBP特征的表情识别方法*

提出一种基于小波分解和优选的VLBP特征的表情识别方法。该方法首先通过小波分解将原始图像分为几个不同频率的子图像来增强图像信息,然后用VLBP算子对不同频率的子图像运用不同的分块大小提取特征,采用神经网络贡献分析对特征进行选择,最后用SVM分类器进行识别。实验表明,该方法比单纯从原图像中提取VLBP特征更加有效,识别率更高,并且VLBP特征的提取速度快,可用于实时的人脸表情识别。     

Forecasting reservoir monthly runoff via ensemble empirical mode decomposition and extreme learning machine optimized by an improved gravitational search algorithm

Monthly streamflow prediction plays a significant role in reservoir operation and water resource management. Hence, this research tries to develop a hybrid model for accurate monthly streamflow prediction, where the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is firstly used to decompose the original streamflow data into a finite amount of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue; and then the extreme learning machine (ELM) is employed to forecast each IMFs and the residue, while an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) based on elitist-guide evolution strategies, selection operator and mutation operator is used to select the parameters of all the ELM models; finally, the summarized predicated results for all the subcomponents are treated as the final forecasting result. The hybrid method is applied to forecast the monthly runoff of Three Gorges in China, while four quantitative indexes are used to test the performances of the developed forecasting models. The results show that EEMD can effectively separate the internal characteristics of the original monthly runoff, and the hybrid model is able to make an obvious improvement over other models in hydrological time series prediction.     

Fuzzy logic and differential evolution‐based hybrid system for gesture recognition using Kinect sensor

The paper introduces a novel approach to gesture recognition aimed at physical disorder identification capable of handling variations in disorder expressions. The gestures are captured by Microsoft's Kinect sensor. The work is segmented into four main parts. The first stage describes a “relax” posture through four centroids depicting four portions of the skeletal structure. In the second stage, when the subject is showing symptoms of any one of the 16 physical disorders, then the skeletal structure distorts; the bilateral structure is lost, and concept of “centroid” computation does not seem relevant. Hence, in the second stage, “motion points” depicting shifted centroids for the distorted posture are computed by distance maximization with respect to the four corresponding centroids obtained for the relax posture. This process is carried out by adapting the weights assigned to each joint by differential evolution. In the third stage, eight features are figured out on the basis of Euclidean distances and angles among the motion points of the distorted gesture. In the final stage, gestures are recognized using an interval type‐2 fuzzy set‐based classifier with 91.37% accuracy.