利用宽谱光源及偏光干涉测量保偏光纤拍长

提出了一种用宽谱光源及偏光干涉效应测量保偏光纤拍长的新方法。利用光纤陀螺等光纤传感器常用的宽谱光源,以及2个性能一般的线偏振器件,与被测保偏光纤组成测试系统。宽谱光通过测试系统后,由于偏光干涉效应出现光谱形状的波动,波动周期受保偏光纤拍长的调制,通过调制周期可计算获得被测保偏光纤的拍长。该方法实验装置容易搭建,对偏振器件及操作精度的要求很低,对被测光纤的具体结构没有要求,任何保偏光纤的拍长都能测量,适用范围广,拍长测量精度可达0．1mm。     

基于保偏光纤的高精度光纤光栅传感解调方案

提出一种基于线偏振光干涉原理的无源波长解调系统.在普通光纤环镜中引入双折射效应.光纤环镜的反射(透射)光强足耦合器分光比K、温度t、保偏光纤长度L和两端偏振方向夹角的函数.在单调区间内反射(透射)光强与t存在对应关系.通过测定光强口可求得t.利用矩阵光学原理建立理论模型,研究了保偏光纤长度、耦合器耦合系数、偏振光入射夹角对光纤环镜(FLM)反射(透射)光强与入射光波长关系影响的特性,设计了基于保偏光纤环镜的分辨率可控的干涉型解调仪.用自制光纤光栅作为传感头监测温度变化,数据显示该系统对温度的测量平均精度可达0.03℃,准确度±0.1℃.     

偏振耦合测试仪中白光干涉包络的提取

采用Hilbert变换和非线性最小二乘回归分析相结合的方法提取白光干涉包络.Hilbert变换恢复了包络的大体形状,而非线性最小二乘回归则有效地确定了干涉光强主极大位置及幅度,从而得到耦合点位置、耦合强度、干涉条纹对比度及系统消光比等参数.对保偏光纤(PMF)的拍长测试结果表明,这种包络提取算法明显提高了测量的重复性,测量的重复性在μm量级.     

数字化扫描干涉仪用于保偏光纤偏振耦合检测

首先简要介绍了保偏光纤及其主要参数:模式耦合系数、拍长、偏振消光比和偏振串音等,并给出这些参数的定义和表达式;评价保偏光纤性能的拍长、模式耦合系数、偏振串音等参数也都与偏振耦合相关.讨论了偏振耦合测试技术,对成功应用于保偏光纤测试的波长扫描干涉法等七种方法作了比较.采用"白光"Michelson技术实现了光纤的寄生偏振耦合点空间分布位置测试仪,以该仪器完成了保偏光纤环扫描;偏振无源光器件测试;保偏光纤对轴;保偏光纤拍长测试;分布式(应力、位置、温度)传感;保偏光纤双折射色散测试等.并以保偏光纤环扫描为例给出实验结果,证明了仪器设计理论和实验结果的相符合性.     

熊猫型保偏光纤模间干涉的传感特性研究

分析了熊猫型保偏光纤模间干涉输出光强分布同模间干涉相位差之间的关系,并给出了其分布图;采用有限元法对熊猫型保偏光纤的模传输特性进行了计算,得到了几个低阶模式的传输特性曲线;理论计算了LP01模和LP11模间的干涉拍长。通过实验,验证了熊猫光纤模间干涉输出两个干涉边瓣光强随光纤应力变化呈交替分布的特点以及模间干涉拍长的计算结果。本文的研究为将熊猫型保偏光纤应用到光纤传感器的设计中提供了理论和实验参考。     

保偏光纤定轴技术的仿真及实验分析

根据保偏光纤侧视成像定轴原理,应用光线追迹方法,分析了保偏光纤侧视成像定轴过程,模拟考察了熊猫型保偏光纤侧视成像的光强分布与偏振轴方位角及物平面位置的关系.对比仿真结果和实验观测结果,对五指型光强分布特征值判断法进行了改进.比较了透镜效应侧视成像的不同定轴方法,发现改进的五指型光强分布特征值判断法的特征值在90°位置附近具有更高的定轴精度,更易于实现保偏光纤偏振主轴的定位.这种方法适用于制作保偏光纤耦合器和保偏光纤偏振器时,在偏振主轴0°或90°方位角时的高精度定轴.     

基于马赫-曾德干涉的保偏光纤扭曲传感器研究

实现了一种基于马赫曾德干涉原理的扭曲传感 器,其主要通过将一段15mm长的保偏光纤(PMF)两 端分别与单模光纤(SMF)错位熔接构成。PMF的扭曲会导致沿两个正交偏振态传输的 光强发生变化,从而 导致干涉光谱中共振峰的强度发生变化。通过测量慢轴共振峰在顺时针和逆时针两个方向扭 曲0～180°的强 度变化,得到传感器的最高灵敏度为0.624dB/°·m－1,是 已有类似扭曲传感器灵敏度的两倍。本文扭曲传感 器结构简单,得益于实验中采用的强度解调方法,相比于相位调制型光纤传感器,价格更 低廉,在实际应用中具有更好的前景。     

基于偏光干涉效应的低双折射光纤拍长测试方法

展示了一种低双折射光纤拍长测试方法。光路由ASE 光源、可调F-P 滤波器、两个线偏振器、待测光纤和相位补偿器组成。应用相位检测方法降低环境因素引入的误差,使用相位补偿器保证测试系统工作点位于光强对相位变化敏感处。搭建测试系统并进行了实际测量,系统检测可重复性良好。该方法对实验设备要求不高,对于待测光纤的长度没有限制,可测拍长范围达到20m,测量精度达1%。     

椭圆芯保偏光纤模传输特性和模间干涉拍长的研究

 保偏光纤模传输特性和模间干涉拍长是模间干涉式光纤传感器设计中的关键参数,对于确定光纤传感器的工作波长、动态范围和线性度具有重要作用.本文从理论上对椭圆芯保偏光纤的模传输特性和模间间干涉拍长进行了分析计算,首先计算得到椭圆芯保偏光纤中几个线性偏振模的传输特性,并据此得到两个低阶线性偏振模LP₀₁和LP^e₁₁的模间干涉拍长.通过试验对计算得到的模间干涉拍长进行了研究,理论和试验结果表明模间干涉具有数百微米的拍长,可以用于设计稳定的光纤传感器.     

基于五指型光强分布的保偏光纤定轴方法

保偏光纤偏振主轴的精确定位是保偏光纤应用中的关键技术之一。文中在观察到保偏光纤侧视图像的光强分布呈五指型的实验基础上,提出了一种用于保偏光纤定轴的新方法,即五指型光强分布特征值判断法。实测表明,用于保偏光纤定轴时,在0°附近,与现有的其它定轴方法相比,五指型光强分布特征值判断法的特征更明显,提高了定轴的灵敏度。此新方法可用于制作保偏光纤器件时,在0°附近的高精度定轴。     

双折射波导偏振耦合的短相干干涉测量

保偏光纤内部具有的高双折射,使其在内部传播的主模和耦合模之间存在一定的光程差。研究了高双折射波导中连续偏振耦合分布和分立点耦合的白光干涉测量法,推导出一种简明使用的公式,求出双折射波导的保偏参数,并且根据调制解调相关原理精确测量耦合点的强度和位置。实验测量了国产类矩形保偏光纤以及光纤偏振器。该方法最突出的优点是采用非破坏性方法测出保偏波导的每个局部的保偏参数,可用于检测集成波导器件和保偏光纤的质量、双折射波导之间的主轴对准、分布式光纤应变传感器等领域,并且可作为保偏光纤生产和使用的一种有效检测方法,大大提高集成波导器件及相关传感器的性能。     

基于游标效应的高灵敏光纤温度和应变传感器

提出一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪(FSI)和偏振模干涉仪(PMI)级联结构的高灵敏光纤温度和应变传感器。FSI作为参考干涉仪,是将对温度、应变、弯曲及扭转不敏感的椭圆芯保偏光纤(ECPMF)引入到Sagnac环内制得的。PMI作为传感干涉仪,是对光纤起偏器与末端端面镀金的熊猫型保偏光纤(PMF)的快轴/慢轴以45°角进行熔接制得的。参考干涉仪的自由光谱区(FSR)易被调整为接近传感干涉仪的FSR,从而产生光学游标效应,实现灵敏度放大。实验结果表明:所设计的级联传感器的温度灵敏度达15.56 nm/℃,是单个PMI的11.12倍;应变灵敏度达154.04 pm/με,是单个PMI的11.81倍。所设计的传感器具有灵敏度高、制作简单、稳定性好等优点,在航空航天、工业生产等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Negative Tap Photonic Microwave Filter Based on a Mach–Zehnder Modulator and a Tunable Optical Polarizer

A negative tap photonic microwave filter based on a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a tunable optical polarizer is proposed. In the proposed filter, the output light from the MZM, after experiencing a time delay difference between the two orthogonal modes in a polarization-maintaining fiber, is sent to the tunable optical polarizer. By adjusting the dc bias of the MZM and the polarization angle of the tunable polarizer with respect to the two orthogonal modes, two positive or one positive and one negative coefficient are generated. A theoretical analysis is presented which is verified by experiments. A two-tap microwave filter with two positive or one positive and one negative coefficient is demonstrated.     

Measurement of the beat length in high-birefringent optical fiberby way of magnetooptic modulation

One of the most important parameters about high-birefringent optical fiber is the beat length. Because of its shortness and periodicity, the measurement of the beat length Is very critical. Here, a highly accurate measurement method that relies on magnetooptic modulation techniques is proposed, and the theoretical analysis and discussion about the measurement theories and the instrument construction are given in detail. Finally, the construction of the beat length measurement instrument based on this novel method is described and several kinds of high-birefringent optical fiber samples are measured. The beat-length resolution of this instrument is better than 0.01 mm, and the final measuring results are not influenced by the external interference on the fiber or the status of the placement of the optical fiber     

Rate sensitivity of high birefringent fiber optic sensors underlarge dynamic loads

New experimental studies on the effects of large dynamic compressive loads on highly birefringent optical fibers are presented. The intensity rate of applied dynamic loads ranged between 2.18-6719 KN/m-sec. A Fibercore (previously York) HB600 Bow-Tie fiber with an initial beat length of 1.16 mm was employed in the present study. Sensor response is discussed in terms of the effects of force amplitudes and velocities on the calibration parameter T_f. T_f is a function of the amplitude as well as the velocity of applied loading. Therefore, calibration of the sensor should be achieved through regression analysis of the load-fringe data for the entire spectrum of the desired force velocities. The ramification of this finding is that a single experiment for the measurement of T_f cannot provide the required parameters for calibration. This further implies that the change in beat length is also dependent on the amplitude and velocity of loading. The suggested method takes both effects into account through empirical analysis of experimental data     

Method of measuring optical switch crosstalk attenuationconsidering polarization variation

This paper describes a simple method for measuring the crosstalk attenuation of optical switches that takes into account the polarization variation of incident light. The method involves the use of a laminated film polarizer (LAMIPOL) and a polarization-maintaining fiber (PANDA). Crosstalk attenuation of 2×2 liquid-crystal optical switches for 1.3 μm single-mode fiber is measured using the proposed method and then conventionally with a polarization controller. The similarity of the results confirms the practicality of the proposed method     

Distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) to single-mode fiber coupling module with optical isolator for high bit rate modulation

A distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) module for single-mode fiber coupling is described in the 1.5-μm wavelength region. An optical isolator is constructed in the two lens coupling circuit to stabilize the DFB-LD characteristics. It consists of a DFB-LD as a polarizer, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) plate and an analyzer. Coupling characteristics and attainable isolation of the proposed circuit have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of reflected light on the DFB-LD characteristics such as relative intensity noise (RIN) and oscillation spectrum has been experimentally investigated taking into account the polarization of the reflected light. It has been clarified that the DFB-LD can function as an effective polarizer with an extinction ratio of more than 20 dB. The DFB-LD module was successfully fabricated to have stable spectrum characteristics and to sufficiently suppress the noise caused by reflections. It has been confirmed by a long haul transmission experiment that this module is applicable to large capacity optical fiber transmission systems.     

Optical-frequency encoder using polarization-maintaining fibre

A new method for monitoring the frequency modulation of coherent laser light is presented. The measurement system is an optical-frequency encoder which utilizes multireflection in a short polarization-maintaining fiber. The multireflection in each orthogonal polarization mode of the fiber produces beat signals by sweeping the optical frequency. The resultant two beat signals are monitored as an increase or decrease in optical frequency by holding the two signals in phase quadrature. The experimental setup, the principle for obtaining quadrature signals, and the results of monitoring distributed-feedback laser-diode frequency modulation are presented     

Observation of polarization property in near-field optical imaging by a polarization-maintaining fiber probe

We fabricated an original near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) fiber probe made of polarization-maintaining and attenuation-reducing (PANDA)-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and observed the polarization property of propagation light in a polymer optical waveguide. The distribution of the transmission coefficient in polarization angles through this NSOM probe showed that the linear polarization is maintained in the two crossing directions: the fast and slow axes. The polarization degree parallel to the slow axis decreases from 1000:1 to 2:1 by bending the fiber probe and the decrease is independent of the bending direction. Using this PANDA-type NSOM probe, we investigated the polarization property of periodic intensity modulation. It was found that the intensity modulation was observed clearly with the electric vector parallel to the radius direction of the waveguide, but was observed vaguely with the electric vector perpendicular to the radius direction.