Impact of Cooperative R&D Projects on ICT‐Based Technology Convergence

This study examines how the characteristics of cooperative research and development (R&D) projects in the public domain impact information and communication technology (ICT) convergence. Based on the analysis of 416 cooperative R&D projects under the ICT‐based industry convergence R&D program in Korea, the study finds that the characteristics of cooperative R&D projects significantly impact ICT convergence. Moreover, the participation of public research institutes and universities is critical for ICT convergence compared with that of firms. However, in firm‐to‐firm cooperation, the participation of small and medium enterprises contributes to cross‐sectional convergence, while the participation of large firms leads to overall and longitudinal convergence. R&D inputs such as the number of partners and government subsidies exhibit an inverted U‐shaped relationship (negative quadratic effect) with technology convergence. Project duration and homogeneous partners are also critical factors for ICT convergence. The results indicate several implications and guidelines on how to effectively organize cooperative R&D projects to facilitate technology convergence.     

A Hybrid of Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization and Cultural Algorithm for Neural Fuzzy Networks and Its Prediction Applications

This study presents an evolutionary neural fuzzy network, designed using the functional-link-based neural fuzzy network (FLNFN) and a new evolutionary learning algorithm. This new evolutionary learning algorithm is based on a hybrid of cooperative particle swarm optimization and cultural algorithm. It is thus called cultural cooperative particle swarm optimization (CCPSO). The proposed CCPSO method, which uses cooperative behavior among multiple swarms, can increase the global search capacity using the belief space. Cooperative behavior involves a collection of multiple swarms that interact by exchanging information to solve a problem. The belief space is the information repository in which the individuals can store their experiences such that other individuals can learn from them indirectly. The proposed FLNFN model uses functional link neural networks as the consequent part of the fuzzy rules. This study uses orthogonal polynomials and linearly independent functions in a functional expansion of the functional link neural networks. The FLNFN model can generate the consequent part of a nonlinear combination of input variables. Finally, the proposed FLNFN with CCPSO (FLNFN-CCPSO) is adopted in several predictive applications. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed CCPSO method performs well in predicting the time series problems.     

逆转变异蚁群算法在CGF多目标分配中的应用

在预警机指挥引导多机协同空战对抗仿真过程中,为了提高CGF实体的智能性和实时性,对多CGF实体协同作战时目标选择因素进行分析,构建了一种基于变异蚁群算法的多CGF实体协同作战目标选择模型。该模型对蚁群算法中的选择策略进行了改进,引入一种遗传算法的变异算子以减少最优解的搜索时间,改进了搜索空间中信息素的更新方式,提高了模型最优解的搜索能力。运用该模型对多CGF实体协同作战过程进行仿真,仿真结果表明,所提出的变异蚁群算法对多CGF实体目标选择最优解的搜索效率明显优于基本蚁群算法,能够更好地模拟真实作战兵力的目标选择过程。     

An infobutton for Web 2.0 clinical discussions: the knowledge linkage framework

This paper aims to develop an infobutton to automatically retrieve published papers corresponding to a topic-specific online clinical discussion. The knowledge linkages infobutton is designed to supplement online clinical conversations with pertinent medical literature from Pubmed. The project involves three distinct steps: 1) Clinical messages around a specific problem are grouped together into a thread. 2) These threads are processed using Metamap to link the conversations to keywords from the MeSH lexicon. 3) These keywords are used in a novel search strategy to retrieve a set of papers from Pubmed, which are then returned to the user. A pilot study using the messages from 2007 and 2008, was conducted to compare the knowledge linkage search strategy to a vector space model and extended Boolean model. The knowledge linkage model proved to be significantly better in terms of precision ( p = 0.013 and 0.003, respectively) and recall ( p = 0.351 and 0.013). Pertinent papers were returned to over 55% of the threads. This approach has demonstrated how clinicians can supplement their peer communications with evidence based research. Future work should focus on how to improve the threading and keyword-mapping strategies.     

考虑信息延迟的无人机分布式协同搜索算法

多无人机协同搜索是多无人机协同控制的重要内容之一,无人机协同搜索的两大问题是通讯延迟和分布式的计算环境。各无人机既要提高搜索效率又要避免碰撞。提出了一种以分布式模型预测算法为基础的搜索算法。通过引入合适的缓冲周期,安排不同的无人机分别对未来不同的时间范围进行规划。不同无人机的搜索规划在时间上不再耦合,从而解决了多机分布式计算和通讯延迟的问题。该方法的目的是实现真实环境下的分布式协同控制。最后用仿真算例验证了算法的可行性。     

不确定环境中多无人机协同搜索算法

多无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)协同搜索是多UAV协同控制的一个重要研究内容。多架UAV同时对一个未知区域进行搜索,目的在于获取搜索区域的信息,降低环境的不确定度。该文提出了一种基于模型预测控制(MPC)理论和遗传算法(GA)的多UAV协同搜索算法。首先,建立搜索环境的规则描述,然后将多个UAV建模为一个控制系统,建立系统的预测模型,考虑到UAV传感器测量的不确定性和环境自身的不确定性,建立搜索概率图描述搜索环境的不确定性,给出了基于Bayes准则的搜索概率图更新方法,继而基于搜索概率图定义信息增益来衡量搜索效果,并将预测周期内的优化目标定为最大化信息增益,采用遗传算法进行求解,得到最优解作为被控系统的输入。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Human-robot interaction in rescue robotics

Rescue robotics has been suggested by a recent DARPA/NSF study as an application domain for the research in human-robot integration (HRI). This paper provides a short tutorial on how robots are currently used in urban search and rescue (USAR) and discusses the HRI issues encountered over the past eight years. A domain theory of the search activity is formulated. The domain theory consists of two parts: 1) a workflow model identifying the major tasks, actions, and roles in robot-assisted search (e.g., a workflow model) and 2) a general information flow model of how data from the robot is fused by various team members into information and knowledge. The information flow model also captures the types of situation awareness needed by each agent in the rescue robot system. The article presents a synopsis of the major HRI issues in reducing the number of humans it takes to control a robot, maintaining performance with geographically distributed teams with intermittent communications, and encouraging acceptance within the existing social structure.     

Greedy Algorithm Applied to Relay Selection for Cooperative Communication Systems in Amplify-and-Forward Mode

Using a relaying system to provide spatial diversity and improve the system performance is a tendency in the wireless cooperative communications. Amplify-and-forward (AF) mode with a low complexity is easy to be implemented. Under the consideration of cooperative communication systems, the scenario includes one information source, M relay stations and N destinations. This work proposes a relay selection algorithm in the Raleigh fading channel. Based on the exhaustive search method, easily to realize, the optimal selection scheme can be found with a highly complicated calculation. In order to reduce the computational complexity, an approximate optimal solution with a greedy algorithm applied for the relay station selection is proposed. With different situations of the communication systems, the performance evaluation obtained by both the proposed algorithm and the exhaustive search algorithm are given for comparison. It shows the proposed algorithm could provide a solution approach to the optimal one.     

Relay Selection Strategy in the Secure Cooperative Communications System

With the low cost and low hardware complex considerations, cooperative systems are a tendency in the future communications. This work considers the secure cooperative communications systems. For a practical situation in the system, the scenario includes multiple source stations, multiple relay stations, multiple destination stations, and eavesdroppers. To analyze the optimal relay selection in the system, we begin with the performance analysis for a single source station and a single destination station. By applying two cooperative models, the amplify-and-forward (AF) mode and decode-and-forward (DF) mode, the secrecy capacity is derived. Then, we apply the derived results to the considered environment to find the optimal relay assignment. By the way, the relay selection can be obtained by the exhaustive search algorithm. However, there are a lot of steps needed if the number of source stations is large. Hence, applying the characters of the cooperative modes in the relay selection, the pre-selection step is proposed with a mathematical derivation. It could be used for the practical situation without a long-time calculation.     

基于叠加调制策略的改进型协作分集方案

在无线传感器网络(WSN)中,协作分集是一种至关重要的技术。采用该技术,可利用WSN中冗余节点多的特性,用户间共享彼此的天线;从而,不仅可获得空间分集增益,而且可提高系统的吞吐量和抗衰落特性。但是,WSN中节点间如何进行协作,尤其是接收端如何译码以达到更高效的数据传输,仍然是一个值得进一步研究的问题。本文在传统传输方案的基础上引入了叠加调制策略。利用该策略,首先从节点间的链路状态和能量匹配的角度设计新型的符号映射算法,然后从信噪比和误码率方面考虑接收端的译码问题。与无协作方式、译码转发协作方式相比,这一优化算法不仅解决了传统协作方式的时隙利用率只有直通方式二分之一的问题,而且减少了误码率。此外,文中还证实了新算法可比传统传输方式最多获得3dB的信噪比增益。仿真结果表明,良好的链路状态在合适能量匹配参数时不仅可以同时传输自己和伙伴的数据,而且可以权衡系统的性能。      

基于项目的研究性学习与实践

研究性学习是知识经济时代培养学生创新精神的一个行之有效方法,作为一种先进的教育理念,应用于大学生电子设计竞赛赛前辅导过程.它是实施素质教育、培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一个重要途径,整个过程体现了学生学习的实践性、开放性与合作性.籍此改变传统教育中重理论和轻能力的单一模式.     

后短信时代

文章论述了短信业务的各发展阶段和进入后短信时代后的业务规律.基于在后短信时代,短信业务网络的规划建设、业务组织、市场推广和价值链组成发生的深刻变化,因此文章认为需要完善的分帐体系来完整地统计由谁提供的信息产品通过什么渠道销售给了谁,被消费了多长时间或多少次;需要建立强大的信息产品展现体系,方便用户选购信息产品;需要把大众关注的信息分类成为不同的频道,解决短信产品同质化、推广成本过高和用户寻找信息困难的问题;需要将信息产品由SP单独设计的模式向运营商和SP合作设计的模式转变.     

An Improved LEACH Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

Optimization of energy consumption is major concern for the design and planning of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Recent research has demonstrated that organizing nodes in clusters has higher energy efficiency. LEACH is the most popular routing protocol for cluster-based in WSNs, and FCM algorithm is used for the optimum number of the clusters and their location. Aiming at the shortcomings of LEACH and FCM-LEACH, which including inaccurate cluster centers, unreasonable clustering and sole data transmission mode. This paper proposes a new energy efficient routing algorithm (NF-LEACH). In the new algorithm, There are many factors have considered to prolong the network life cycle that they are the degree of membership, residual energy, base station distance and data transmission mode. Finally, the comparison among LEACH, FCM-LEACH, and NF-LEACH has been done. The results show that the NF-LEACH has the longest lifetime and the most evenly distributed amongst three algorithms.     

Trimode ladar/radar transponder systems for tracking long range cooperative targets

Detection and tracking of cooperative airborne targets are very important for military and also for civilian purposes. Previous research has shown that detection and tracking LASER offer high precision but their operation range is limited to less than 40 km even in good visibility propagation conditions. For long operation ranges, high power and bulky RADAR are required which can be significantly reduced by using active transponders on the cooperative target. A trimode LADAR/RADAR/Transponder system is investigated providing optimum performances. A L band Radar with active transponder is operated for all weather long ranges up to Low Earth Orbit satellites. The L mode is switched to a Mm wave mode RADAR for operation distances lower than 350 km and to an accurate LASER mode for the final tracking steps.     

适用于无人搜救机组的新型移动中继通信模型

为了提高无人机远程搜救系统的通信效率和整体搜救成功率,提出了无人搜救机组的新型移动中继通信模型。该模型引入移动中继和协同通信技术,实现无人机组之间以及无人机组与地面基站之间的通信连接、数据传输和信息同步。理论分析和仿真测试表明,该模型提高了无人机组的数据采集效率,减少了无人机组的数据采集时间,提高了控制平台的机动性和搜索效率。     

不确定环境下编队协同搜索力最优分配

将搜索论和随机规划引入到编队协同搜索中.首先,将机载雷达发现目标的概率密度作为对空目标连续探测程度的量化指标,给出编队协同搜索的量化描述式;然后,针对一般期望值模型,提出了求解的混合智能算法;最后,根据目标位置划分搜索空域,建立了预警机指挥下的编队协同搜索力最优分配期望值模型,并通过仿真计算说明了模型的合理性.     

协作学习模式在计算机实验教学中的探索

通过建立计算机开放性实验室,设计各种开放实验,并结合协作学习的模式,为学生创造一个良好的学习与实践环境,以提高学生计算机方面的动手能力及与人协作的能力。阐述了协作学习模式在开放实验中的操作方式,协作学习网络平台的建设,并提出了几种开放实验室的建设及管理方法。     

Improved mode decision algorithm based on residues and early zero block detection in H.264/AVC

Video compression standard H.264/AVC outperforms previous standards in terms of coding efficiency but at the cost of higher computational complexity. In H.264/AVC, the variable block size full motion estimation is the most time-consuming operation. This paper presents a method to reduce the complexity of motion estimation in two stages. The first stage exploits the similarities between frames for early SKIP mode decision for a macroblock (MB) based upon a criteria formulated on the basis of the statistics of the frame difference residues. MBs that fail to qualify for the SKIP mode in the first stage spills over to the second stage where mode decision depends upon the number of zero blocks (ZB) in the MB. The study of the full search motion estimation on different sequences show that there is a strong dependence between the number of ZBs in a MB and the likelihood of a particular mode being selected. The proposed algorithm utilizes this relationship for early mode decision for a MB. The algorithm is evaluated using a wide range of test sequences from different classes. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives considerable saving in encoding time and search points in the range of 36–87%. Furthermore, despite the reduction in computational complexity, the coding efficiency (picture quality and bitrate) in the proposed method is comparable to the H.264/AVC standard software Joint Model (JM12.4).     

Optimization of 2‐stage cooperative spectrum for cognitive radio networks using multi‐antenna energy detectors

Cooperative spectrum sensing, a kind of spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio (CR), uses multiple CR relays. To increase performance, this study uses multi‐antenna CR relays and beam‐forming reception. The required bandwidth for reporting channels in cooperative spectrum sensing is crucial. Two‐stage cooperative spectrum sensing is proposed to increase performance without increasing the required bandwidth. The cooperative spectrum sensing is also optimized to allow the CR networks to facilitate the best decision‐making. This study determines the detection performance when beam‐forming reception is used. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that beam‐forming reception outperforms square‐law combining (SLC) for low SNR values. This study proposes a 2‐stage cooperative spectrum sensing method, which uses multi‐antenna CR relays and beam‐forming reception. The cooperative spectrum sensing is also optimized to allow the CR networks to facilitate the best decision‐making. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the method.     

Cooperative MIMO channel models: A survey

Cooperative multiple-input multiple-output technology allows a wireless network to coordinate among distributed antennas and achieve considerable performance gains similar to those provided by conventional MIMO systems. It promises significant improvements in spectral efficiency and network coverage and is a major candidate technology in various standard proposals for the fourth-generation wireless communication systems. For the design and accurate performance assessment of cooperative MIMO systems, realistic cooperative MIMO channel models are indispensable. This article provides an overview of the state of the art in cooperative MIMO channel modeling. We show that although the existing standardized point-to-point MIMO channel models can be applied to a certain extent to model cooperative MIMO channels, many new challenges remain in cooperative MIMO channel modeling, such as how to model mobile-to-mobile channels, and how to characterize the heterogeneity and correlation of multiple links at the system level appropriately.