一种半导体温差发电系统

介绍了一种新型的半导体温差发电模块,对其性能进行了一些研究,并在此基础上构建了一套小型发电系统,可利用煤灶、篝火等发电、储电从而用以照明等.其中考察了发电模块的不同串并组合矩阵的输出功率,设计了为蓄电池充电的稳压充电电路,并使设计的模块矩阵与蓄电池稳压充电电路匹配,使其输出功率达到最大.     

A Small Dynistor Generator of High-Power Nanosecond Pulses

A generator of high-power nanosecond current pulses on the basis of a dynistor, which is switched on within 1 ns, is described. Its dimensions are 70 × 80 × 25 mm; at a power voltage of 2.2 kV, the generator switches weakly damped alternating bell-shaped current pulses with an amplitude of 5 kA and a duration of 400 ns.     

A Generator of High-Power Volume Discharges of Nanosecond Duration

Instruments and Experimental Techniques - A generator of high-power nanosecond pulses is described that contains a high-voltage unit, which is based on a magnetic-compression circuit and a diode...     

Low-Inductance Section for a Fitch Generator of High-Power High-Voltage Pulses

Using a Fitch generator section consisting of two four-stage modules and triggered by an Arkadyev-Marx generator, a current amplitude of 560 kA and a rate of current rise of 3 × 10¹² A/s were obtained. The breakdown voltage of the modules’ main gaps was as high as 440 kV, the section’s internal inductance was 142 nH, and the load was short-circuited. The inductance of each stage of the Fitch generator module was 40 nH. The section operates in an air environment at atmospheric pressure. Both the section and its components are repairable. The section remained operable after the generation of 10⁴ pulses. The section’s design service life is 10⁵ pulses.__________Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 4, 2005, pp. 57–65.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Boyko, Bortsov, Evdoshenko, Zarochentsev, Ivanov, Rudakov, Tur, Artyukh.     

A Compact Repetitive High-Power Pulse Generator Based on Air-Cored Pulse Transformer

Instruments and Experimental Techniques - A compact repetitive high-power pulse generator, which could be used for high voltage applications including high power microwave and low temperature...     

A Megavolt Nanosecond Generator with a Semiconductor Opening Switch

A high-current nanosecond-pulse generator with a pulse power of up to 1.6 GW, an output voltage of 0.5–1 MV, pulse duration of 40–60 ns, and repetition rates of 300 Hz (in a steady-state mode) and up to 850 Hz (in a burst mode) is described. Its average output power is 30 kW at a pulse repetition rate of 500 Hz. The energy-switching system of the generator fully consists of solid-state elements: a thyristor, magnetic switches, and a semiconductor-opening switch based on SOS diodes.     

电控喷油器的一种新型磁路结构

为提高喷油器的动态响应性能,以某款电控喷油器为研究对象,通过在其铁芯与导向管之间增加由不导磁材料制成的隔磁环开发了一种新型磁路结构。通过电磁场仿真分析了改进前后喷油器电磁性能的变化特点以及轭铁厚度对电磁性能的影响规律。结果表明：增加隔磁环能加快电磁力的上升速度,有效缩短喷油器的开启滞后时间,但饱和电磁力增大,造成落座滞后时间延长;适当减小轭铁厚度基本不影响电磁力的上升速度,但减小轭铁厚度会使磁阻增大,饱和电磁力降低,这样可有效缩短落座滞后时间。根据以上分析结果对喷油器进行了综合优化,并通过实验对其改进效果进行了验证,结果表明：优化后与优化前相比,喷油器的开启滞后时间缩短了0.25ms,落座滞后时间缩短了0.3ms。     

A Programmable Pulse Sequence Generator for an NMR Relaxometer

A pulse sequence generator for NMR relaxometer is described. The operation mode is loaded into the internal memory of the device by a program from a personal computer via a PCI bus. The project is realized on two MAX7000S and Cyclone (Altera) chips using the Qartus II 4.0 software. The basic parameters of the device are as follows: the minimal pulse length is 50 ns, the time resolution is 10 ns, the maximum number of pulses is 1024, and the number of controlled output channels is 8. This device, operating in the automatic mode as part of the hardware-software NMR system, makes possible recording, processing, and storing experimental results in electronic form.     

A Laser Plasma Injector

A pulsed laser microinjector of low-temperature erosion plasma with a two-stage mechanism of generating and heating the working substance is described. Sequential stages of generation (laser ablation) and radiant–gas-dynamic heating of the working substance in the target and acceleration chambers of the injector are accomplished using two laser pulses with matched spectral, energy, and dynamic parameters, thus ensuring the obtainment of high values of the coefficients of the conversion of laser energy into the kinetic plasma energy (0.8) and the monochromaticity of the flow with a finely dosed mass flow rate.     

High-Power Generator of Long Quasi-Rectangular Pulses with Nanosecond Rise Times Based on Inversely Recovered Diodes

The operating principle of a new semiconductor device, an inversely recovered diode, is considered. After passing a small direct current in the forward direction, the diode is capable of rapidly (a few nanoseconds) interrupting a high-power reverse-current pulse and switching it to a parallel load circuit. A high-power pulse generator based on an inversely recovered diode and transistor switch is described. The generator forms quasi-rectangular voltage pulses with an amplitude of 500 V, a rise time of 4 ns, and a variable duration adjusted from several tens to several thousands of nanoseconds across a load of 10 .     

一种半导体自动化制造系统中的死锁避免

在半导体自动化制造TRACK系统中，由于没有缓冲空间，死锁避免更加困难，保守策略大大降低资源利用率，而路径的柔性为获得更有效的死锁避免策略提供了可能性，本文采用面向资源的着色Petri网建模，基于该模型并利用路径柔性，提出一个系统无死锁的充分条件，并给出相应的控制规律，依据该规律，系统中任务的个数不受限制，并能处理多晶片类型，最后，给出一个说明方法的实用实例。     

一种电控喷油器动态时间参数测试方法

详细分析了电控喷油器的动态工作过程,基于电控喷油器线圈电流变化规律,提出一种测试其动态响应时间的方法。以高性能C8051F310单片机为处理器,设计了喷油器开启与关闭响应时间的测试电路,开发了成本低、测试便捷、精度高的测试系统。实测结果表明,喷油器的开启与关闭的响应时间测量误差分别为0.9%和1.14%,满足喷油器设计开发、生产的要求。同时,给出了开启响应时间随供电电压的变化关系曲线,该曲线为电控喷油器标定及发动机匹配时对喷油量的修正提供了参考。     

A System for Monitoring the Energy Characteristics of an Electron Beam during the Generation of High-Power Bremsstrahlung Pulses

A method and a device were developed for monitoring the dynamic and integral characteristics of powerful electron beams in high-current pulsed accelerators (HCPAs) operating in the bremsstrahlung mode. The static and dynamic transfer characteristics were obtained for different types of heterogeneous converter targets under the operating conditions of an УИH-10 direct action HCPA with an electron energy as high as 4 MeV, a current as great as 60 kA, and an efficient pulse duration of 6 × 10⁻⁸-2 × 10⁻⁶ s. It was demonstrated that comprehensive diagnostics of the electron beam acceleration mode of the HCPA can be performed simultaneously with the determination of the bremsstrahlung parameters at a local point of the field behind the converter target.__________Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 3, 2005, pp. 67–72.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Mordasov, Ulimov, Bryksin, Shiyan.     

A Programmable Waveform Generator for Voltammetry

ABSTRACT

The voltammetric investigations of organic electrode reactions require a versatile waveform generator. Such a unit, to be used with a conventional potentiostat circuit, was constructed at modest cost using digital and linear integrated circuits. The basic design follows that of Myers and Shain [1], but its capabilities have been increased by using a 1600-Hz tuning fork clock and digital dividers to control hold times, differential comparators to sense preset voltage levels for logic control, and operational amplifiers to give first and second derivatives of the cell current. The output capabilities of this functjon generator are single and multiple triangular waves, ramps with variable holds at preset levels, and combinations of these modes. The initial and final voltages are selectable with either positive or negative voltage ramps. Scan rates with good linearity have been obtained over the range of 10 mV/sec to 100 V/sec.     

燃油喷射器电控性能的改进设计研究

在电控喷油器电磁动态工作性能研究基础上,分析了影响电磁动态特性的主要因素。通过测量驱动电路中串联小电阻的电压变化,得到电磁线圈电流响应特性。线圈安匝数和磁极气隙是影响电磁动态特性的主要因素。结合实验结果提出喷油器结构改进设计原则,对结构改进后的喷油器电磁响应特性进行了实验验证。结果证明电磁响应特性得到了提高,开启响应时间由原来的1.4 ms提高到1.1 ms,关闭响应时间缩短1.4 ms。     

A Simple and Versatile Automatic Sampler for an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer

ABSTRACT

A simple and inexpensive computer-controlled automatic sampler is described for use with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer system. The entire system is based on a modified commercially available sampler subsystem coupled with a commercial inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The modifications provide both computer-control capability and independent variable rinse and preanalysis sample flush time periods. Control of the automated sampler is accomplished through existing hardware and software present on the minicomputer dedicated to the spectrometer. Addition of this versatile sampler system has increased efficiency and productivity of the inductively coupled plasma during routine water analysis applications.     

A Computerized System for Controlling the Wavelength of a High-Power Dye Laser

A system for the rotation of a dispersive laser element with a stepper motor is described. The motor is controlled by a personal computer that can be located at a distance of more than 20 m from the motor. The stepper control unit is connected to the computer interface board by a twin line. The system ensures highly reliable operation under conditions of intense electromagnetic noises from the laser power supply system due to the use of noise-suppressing differential transmission lines and optoelectronic isolators.     

A Facility with Resonant Pulse Compression for Generating High-Power Ku-Band Microwave Pulses

A generator of high-power Ku-band microwave pulses with resonant pulse compression is described. It allows thestepped control of output-pulse durations from 1 ns to 1.5 s at a pulse repetition rate of 0.2–1.5 kHz and a peak power of 58 kW to 10 MW. This source can be used for investigating the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with various objects.     

Effect of Air Injector on the Performance of an Air-lift for Conveying River Sand

An air-lift has been more recently applied in the dredging, deep-seated beach placer mining and underground mining engineering. However, the influence and mechanism of various parameters on the air-lift performance are not quite clear, especially the influence of flow pattern on lifting efficiency. Focusing on the problems mentioned above, the key part of the air-lift (namely, the air injector) was proposed aimed to reduce friction loss in the inner pipe according to improving flow field performance, thus increase the lifting efficiency. The study of relative factors of the performance of an air-lift is performed and the river sand is used as simulation of underground ore bed. The total lifting height of the experimental system is 3 m, the water flux, mass flow of solid particles, concentration of particles and lifting efficiency are measured under the same submergence ratios by changing the air injector, which is divided into nine specifications of air injection in this research. The experimental results indicate that the optimal air flow rate corresponding to excellent performance of the air-lift can be obtained in the range of 35–40 m3/h. The air injection method has a great effect on the performance of the air-lift, the air injector with three nozzles is better than that in the case of one or two nozzles. Further more, the air injection angle and arrangement of air injection pipes also have great effect on the performance of an air-lift. The proposed research results have guiding significance for engineering application.     

A Solid-State Signal Generator for Electroanalytical Experiments

SUMMARY

Solid-state operational amplifiers, a diode gate, and flip-flop circuits have been used to construct a versatile signal generator for electroanalytical experiments, especially cyclic voltammetry. The unit produces ramp and hold signals, single-cycle triangular waves, and multicycle triangular waves, with independently selectable initial potential, anodic and cathodic limit potentials, and hold potential. The scan rates available range from 0.2 mV/sec to 1000 V/sec.