基于HHT的导弹发射冲击时频谱分析

为研究弹载部件在导弹发射过程中的冲击响应及冲击信号的传递特性,进行了基于希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)的导弹发射冲击时频谱分析。由于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)结果易受白噪声的影响,研究了总体经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)技术。以弹体不同位置的实测冲击信号为对象,应用HHT技术进行分析,准确得到了导弹发射冲击信号的固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)和时间-频率-能量谱特征,并研究了两次冲击的频率分布和各阶IMF与原始信号的相关性。结合边际谱分析对比了两个舱段能量在中低频和高频的传递特性,进一步验证了HHT方法在分析非线性和非平稳冲击信号中的优越性。     

用HHT变换处理离心压缩机喘振试验数据

为了提取离心压缩机早期喘振特征频率,在对信号进行小波包降噪抽样后,利用Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)进行信号特征提取。通过经验模态分解(EMD)得到若干固有模态函数(IMF),然后利用相关系数法对IMF进行筛选。通过趋势项和原始信号对比可知压缩机流量减少是造成振动的主因,最后对有效IMF信号进行Hilbert变换,并求其边际谱,提取压缩机喘振频率为7.3Hz。     

非平稳振动信号分析中Hilbert-Huang变换的对比研究

Hilbert-Huang变换是一种信号分析新方法,特别适合于对非平稳信号进行分析。介绍该方法的基本理论,并利用它对一个典型的旋转机械非平稳振动信号进行分析。然后通过与利用短时傅里叶变换和小波变换所得到的分析结果的对比,研究Hilbert—Huang变换在分析一般非平稳振动信号中的优势和缺陷。最后结合实际应用中遇到的问题,简要论述Hilbert—Huang变换中的经验模态分解在分析频率成分非常靠近的复杂信号时的不足和原因。研究结果表明,Hilbert—Huang变换和其他方法相比,具有分辨能力强、自适应分解、物理意义清晰、信息完整、形式简洁和易于精确分析等优点;同时也存在具有端点效应、实时性稍差和难以将复杂信号中特别靠近的频率成分分解为独立的本征模分量的缺陷。     

基于希尔伯特－黄变换的往复运动摩擦力信号分析

往复运动中的摩擦力信号往往是非平稳信号,采用经验模式分解法可以自适应地分解这些非线性、非平稳信号,合理地提取其信号特征。应用希尔伯特－黄变换方法,分析不同往复速度和载荷条件下往复运动产生的摩擦力信号,并提取时频段能量比及其标准差,研究其润滑状态特征。结果表明：通过希尔伯特－黄变换并结合能量比分析,可以很好地反映出往复运动过程中润滑状态的变化;在一定载荷下,随着往复速度的增加,摩擦力频率成分趋于平稳,能量比标准差则逐渐减小;在一定往复速度下,随着载荷的增加,润滑状态变差,消耗的能量随之增大,能量比标准差逐渐减小;和往复速度相比,载荷对摩擦力频率分布影响相对较小。     

改进集成噪声重构经验模式分解的微弱时频特征增强方法及应用*

基于噪声利用机制,集成噪声重构经验模式分解方法(Ensemble noise-reconstructed empirical mode decomposition, ENEMD)利用原信号中固有噪声分量改善模式混淆现象,并通过固有噪声分量的相互抵消作用实现信号降噪。然而,该方法中关键噪声估计技术采用类硬阈值处理方式,忽略系数之间相关性。为此,研究基于相邻系数降噪原理的ENEMD噪声估计技术,提高固有噪声分量估计的准确性。在此基础上,将改进ENEMD方法引入Hilbert-Huang变换中,提出改进ENEMD的微弱时频特征增强方法。该方法以无模式混淆的本征模式分量(Intrinsic mode function, IMF)准确表征微弱故障信号的瞬时频率,并以降噪IMF有效提高时频谱信噪比,消除时频谱中噪声杂点,显著提高信号时频表示的分辨率,增强微弱故障的时频表征并突显局部故障征兆,为机械早期和微弱故障识别提供有效手段。工程实例表明该方法有效揭示空气分离压缩机碰撞与摩擦故障征兆,并成功提取重油催化裂化机组早期微弱碰摩故障特征。     

基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪的研究

本文介绍了希尔伯特-黄变换（HHT）的原理，首先通过经验模态分解（EMD），信号被分解成一系列固有模态函数（IMF），再通过Hilbert变换得到每个IMF的瞬时频率（IF）和瞬时幅值函数，最终得到原始信号的IF分布和Hilbert谱。Hilbert谱是信号的时间-频率-能量分布。为使HHT能有效分析非平稳信号，引入了改进HHT的方法，即在HHT过程中，将小波包变换（WPT）作为预处理器，外加IMF的筛选。采用虚拟仪器开发技术研制了一台基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪。最后以HHT去噪为例，介绍了基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪的应用。     

基于HHT的高坝泄流结构工作模态参数辨识

基于高坝的工作特点,提出一种适用于泄流结构的工作模态参数时域辨识方法。对于低信噪比泄流结构振动信号,首先,利用小波阈值-经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)联合滤波方法滤除低频水流脉动噪声和高频白噪声,得到结构振动有效信息;然后,通过希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)原理辨识结构系统的固有频率及阻尼比;最后,结合奇异熵增量理论对系统模态进行定阶和模态验证。仿真研究表明,该方法能够有效避免模态分解中的频率混杂,具有较强的鲁棒性以及较高的辨识精度。将该方法应用于三峡重力坝5号溢流坝段,可准确辨识出结构系统的工作模态参数,为研究高坝泄流结构安全运行与在线无损动态检测提供基础。     

改进的HHT方法在旋转机械不对中故障特征提取中的应用

HHT(希尔伯特-黄变换)能够将振动信号分解为有限的具有实际物理意义的模态分量,并由此可对机械故障信号进行特征提取,但噪声的干扰对分解过程和分解结果影响却很大。针对这一不足,本文提出了先利用小波变换技术对含噪故障信号进行消噪处理,再作HHT分析的方法;利用此方法对实测的不对中振动信号进行了故障特征提取和分析。结果表明,该方法克服了直接运用HHT分解方法由噪声带来的不必要的干扰,提高了参数提取的准确性,并由此提高了机械故障诊断率。     

Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis methods in biomedical signal applications

Hilbert-Huang transformation, wavelet transformation, and Fourier transformation are the principal time-frequency analysis methods. These transformations can be used to discuss the frequency characteristics of linear and stationary signals, the time-frequency features of linear and non-stationary signals, the time-frequency features of non-linear and non-stationary signals, respectively. The Hilbert-Huang transformation is a combination of empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis. The empirical mode decomposition uses the characteristics of signals to adaptively decompose them to several intrinsic mode functions. Hilbert transforms are then used to transform the intrinsic mode functions into instantaneous frequencies, to obtain the signal's time-frequency-energy distributions and features. Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis can be applied to natural physical signals such as earthquake waves, winds, ocean acoustic signals, mechanical diagnosis signals, and biomedical signals. In previous studies, we examined Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis of the electroencephalogram FPI signals of clinical alcoholics, and 'sharp I' wave-based Hilbert-Huang transformation time-frequency features. In this paper, we discuss the application of Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis to biomedical signals, such as electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram signals, electrogastrogram recordings, and speech signals.     

An improved decomposition algorithm of surface topography of machining

Abstract

In order to accurately decompose the surface morphology of machined surface and trace the potential errors of the machine, a comprehensive improved algorithm is proposed, which combines wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) and improved complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition of adaptive noise (Improve CEEMDAN). Firstly, the cost function is used to find the optimal wavelet packet base and the optimal decomposition tree is obtained. Secondly, under semi-hard threshold denoising, the wavelet coefficients obtained by the optimal decomposition tree can generate the denoised signal. Finally, the white noise is preprocessed to obtain the upper limit frequency and the band white noise, and the improvement of CEEMDAN is completed. The improved CEEMDAN is used to decompose the denoised signal to obtain a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The merit of this comprehensive improved algorithm is that it can improve the calculation efficiency and decomposition accuracy by adaptively finding the optimal wavelet packet base and adding band-limited white noise. Simulations and experiments results show the feasibility, effectiveness and higher accuracy of the comprehensive algorithm in decomposing surface topography.     

基于VMD-HHT边际谱的水工结构损伤诊断

为了准确识别水工结构的损伤,提出一种变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)和Hilbert-Huang变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)边际谱相结合的水工结构损伤诊断方法。首先,采用联合的小波阈值和经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)降噪方法对原始信号进行降噪,减小环境噪声对结构损伤特征信息的干扰;其次,运用方差贡献率数据融合算法对降噪后各测点信号进行动态融合,提取结构完整的振动特性信息;然后,采用VMD方法将动态融合信号分解为一系列固态模量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,求出融合信号的边际谱;最后,在VMD边际谱的基础上提取一种新的损伤特征向量-损伤灵敏指数,将其与马氏距离相结合对水工结构的损伤类型进行分类,并将该方法应用于悬臂梁模型试验。结果表明:该方法能够有效提取水工结构的损伤特性,准确识别水工结构的损伤和运行状态,为水工结构的安全运行提供了基础。     

Hilbert-Huang变换中的模态混叠问题

希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)存在的模态混叠现象严重影响了实际应用效果。在分析研究HHT原理及模态混叠产生机理的基础上,提出了基于形态滤波预处理与端点延拓相结合的方法抑制模态混叠现象。与集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)方法比较,所提出的方法能够更快速、准确地分解出表征信号的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量。将该方法应用于滚动轴承的实测信号分析,结果表明,该方法在实际应用中同样具有很好的模态混叠抑制效果。     

基于广义形态滤波和相关系数的Hilbert-Huang变换方法

针对Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)中噪声引起的模态裂解和虚假模态问题,应用广义形态滤波降噪法和相关系数法改进了HHT.该方法首先将广义形态滤波器作为经验模态分解(EMD)的预处理,抑制噪声干扰;然后利用相关系数法去除虚假固有模态函数(IMF);最后对真实的IMF进行Hilbert谱分析,得到改进的HHT.利用...     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别

针对经验模态分解存在模态混叠现象,提出基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别方法。该方法利用傅里叶变换得到结构加速度响应频响函数,粗略估计固有频率范围,通过半功率带宽法设计理想带通滤波器,定量化确定通带带宽,使信号在经过滤波器后频域内零相移,同时不改变其幅值谱。结构响应通过指定频带的理想带通滤波器产生若干窄带信号,利用经验模态分解获取结构模态响应,经Hilbert变换构造模态响应解析信号,并通过线性最小二乘拟合提取结构模态参数与物理参数。结果表明:半功率带宽法可实现带通滤波器频带的定量化设计,理想带通滤波器的零相移特点较好契合Hilbert-Huang变换用于系统识别的要求,两者结合可有效地解决模态混叠现象,减少虚假模态,大大提高结构系统识别精度。     

HHT在车辆-轨道系统垂向振动时频分析中的应用

应用希尔伯特黄变换方法(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)对车辆-轨道系统中高低不平顺与车辆垂向振动加速度关系进行分析。首先,利用经验模态分解法(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD）对实测的高低不平顺与车辆垂向振动加速度信号进行分解,得到两者的本征模函数;然后,通过比较分析两者本征模函数的时域波形与Hilbert能量谱,说明高低不平顺本征模函数与车辆垂向振动加速度本征模函数之间的确定性的对应关系,可以利用车辆垂向振动加速度来识别轨道高低不平顺的不良区段;最后,对京广提速干线铁路轨检车实测样本进行回归分析,得到在波长为1.5～50m范围内直线和曲线段高低不平顺与车辆垂向振动加速度的定量关系。     

小波包去器械与改进HHT的微弱信号特征提取

为提取机械设备早期故障微弱信号特征频率,在对信号进行小波包降噪后,利用改进Hilb ert Huang变换(Hilbert Huang transform,简称HHT)进行特征提取,通过经验模态分解(em pirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)得到若干个固有模态函数(intrinsic mode functio n,简称IMF)后,利用IMF与EMD分解前信号的 相关系数作为判断标准,剔除分解中产生的多余低频IMF,选取有效IMF集进行边际谱分析。 改进HHT不仅可消除多余IMF的影响,还可节省Matlab计算内存,提高运算速度。     

Optimization of the End Effect of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT)

In fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is often used to extract the fault characteristic signal and analyze decomposition results in time-frequency domain. However, end effect occurs in HHT, which leads to a series of problems such as modal aliasing and false IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function). To counter such problems in HHT, a new method is put forward to process signal by combining the generalized regression neural network(GRNN) with the boundary local characteristic-scale continuation(BLCC).Firstly, the improved EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition) method is used to inhibit the end effect problem that appeared in conventional EMD. Secondly, the generated IMF components are used in HHT. Simulation and measurement experiment for the cases of time domain,frequency domain and related parameters of HilbertHuang spectrum show that the method described here can restrain the end effect compared with the results obtained through mirror continuation, as the absolute percentage of the maximum mean of the beginning end point offset and the terminal point offset are reduced from 30.113% and27.603% to 0.510% and 6.039% respectively, thus reducing the modal aliasing, and eliminating the false IMF components of HHT. The proposed method can effectively inhibit end effect, reduce modal aliasing and false IMF components, and show the real structure of signal components accurately.     

Floating clamping mechanism of PT fuel injector and its dynamic characteristics analysis

PT fuel injector is one of the most important parts of modern diesel engine.To satisfy the requirements of the rapid and accurate test of PT fuel injector,the self-adaptive floating clamping mechanism was developed and used in the relevant bench.Its dynamic characteristics directly influence the test efficiency and accuracy.However,due to its special structure and complex oil pressure signal,related documents for evaluating dynamic characteristics of this mechanism are lack and some dynamic characteristics of this mechanism can’t be extracted and recognized effectively by traditional methods.Aiming at the problem above-mentioned,a new method based on Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is presented.Firstly,combining with the actual working process,the dynamic liquid pressure signal of the mechanism is acquired.By analyzing the pressure fluctuation during the whole working process in time domain,oil leakage and hydraulic shock in the clamping chamber are discovered.Secondly,owing to the nonlinearity and nonstationarity of pressure signal,empirical mode decomposition is used,and the signal is decomposed and reconstructed into forced vibration,free vibration and noise.By analyzing forced vibration in the time domain,machining error and installation error of cam are revealed.Finally,free vibration component is analyzed in time-frequency domain with HHT,the traits of free vibration in the time-frequency domain are revealed.Compared with traditional methods,Hilbert spectrum has higher time-frequency resolutions and higher credibility.The improved mechanism based on the above analyses can guarantee the test accuracy of injector injection.This new method based on the analyses of the pressure signal and combined with HHT can provide scientific basis for evaluation,design improvement of the mechanism,and give references for dynamic characteristics analysis of the hydraulic system in the interrelated fields.     

基于AVMD与改进能量算子的非稳态谐波分析

针对非稳态谐波分析中时频参数检测精度较低的问题,提出一种基于自适应变分模态分解(AVMD)与改进能量算子的非稳态电力谐波分析方法。首先,采用AVMD对非稳态谐波信号进行分解,其中采用波形特征匹配法对非稳态谐波信号进行延拓以减轻边界效应影响,并提出能量差和相关系数作为AVMD中模态分解个数的判据;结合模态分量,提出改进间隔采样能量算子快速提取谐波的瞬时幅值和频率,根据差分和信号完成其起止时刻的定位,实现非稳态谐波时频参数的快速准确测量。仿真与实测结果表明,本文方法能够在电网工频波动、间谐波以及噪声干扰等情况下有效完成非稳态谐波的准确检测,实现暂态谐波的精确定位,且对非稳态谐波频率、幅值的最大检测误差分别为0.094 9%和0.931 4%。     

Bearing fault detection utilizing group delay and the Hilbert-Huang transform

Vibration signals measured from a mechanical system are useful to detect system faults. Signal processing has been used to extract fault information in bearing systems. However, a wide vibration signal frequency band often affects the ability to obtain the effective fault features. In addition, a few oscillation components are not useful at the entire frequency band in a vibration signal. By contrast, useful fatigue information can be embedded in the noise oscillation components. Thus, a method to estimate which frequency band contains fault information utilizing group delay was proposed in this paper. Group delay as a measure of phase distortion can indicate the phase structure relationship in the frequency domain between original (with noise) and denoising signals. We used the empirical mode decomposition of a Hilbert-Huang transform to sift the useful intrinsic mode functions based on the results of group delay after determining the valuable frequency band. Finally, envelope analysis and the energy distribution after the Hilbert transform were used to complete the fault diagnosis. The practical bearing fault data, which were divided into inner and outer race faults, were used to verify the efficiency and quality of the proposed method.