自生成钨基高密度合金中间层的钨/钢真空扩散连接

采用90W-6Mn-4Ni(质量分数)混合粉末/镍箔复合中间层,在加压5 MPa、连接温度1 100℃、保温10 min、30 min、60 min及120 min的工艺条件下,对纯钨(W)和0Cr13钢进行真空扩散连接。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和电子万能试验机等手段研究接头的微观组织、成分分布、力学性能及断口特征。结果表明,连接接头均由钨母材/钨基高密度合金层/镍/钢母材组成。接头中的钨基高密度合金层由90W-6Mn-4Ni混合粉末液相烧结生成,其富Mn-Ni黏结相和钨颗粒相冶金结合且分布均匀,保温时间对该层的组织形态无明显影响。钨基高密度合金层与钨母材以加压钎焊机制实现了良好结合。接头抗剪强度为202～217 MPa时,断裂均发生在连接界面两侧的钨母材和钨基高密度合金层中,前者断口为典型的解理脆断,后者断口为钨颗粒相的W-W界面分离断裂及黏结相的韧性断裂。     

去应力退火温度对Q345R焊接接头性能及组织的影响

研究了去应力退火温度对Q345R焊接接头力学性能及组织的影响。Q345R焊接试件焊接后进行正火处理(915℃,保温1.25 h),然后再分别以615,645,665℃去应力退火,保温时间均为5 h。试验结果表明,Q345R焊接接头抗拉强度和硬度随去应力退火温度的升高而下降,去应力退火温度为615℃和645℃时,焊接接头的抗拉强度大于490 MPa,而当去应力退火温度升高到665℃时,焊接接头抗拉强度低于母材抗拉强度的最低值490 MPa。在上述3个温度进行去应力退火,焊缝和母材均为铁素体+珠光体。随着去应力退火温度的升高,渗碳体球化程度增加,导致了强度和硬度的降低。     

102/T91异种钢瞬时液相扩散连接双温工艺接头的组织与性能

用FeNiCrSiB非晶合金箔作中间层,在氩气保护下采用瞬时液相扩散连接双温工艺对102/T91异种钢管进行了连接试验;对接头的显微组织和室温力学性能进行了分析测试.结果表明:在1260℃加热1min、1230℃等温4min、压力为6MPa条件下接头的组织与性能最理想,接头焊缝组织与基体组织相似,接头横剖面的界面为曲线状,接头抗拉强度达到母材水平.     

TP304H不锈钢管的瞬时液相扩散焊技术

采用瞬时液相扩散焊(TLP)连接技术进行了TP304H不锈钢管的焊接,分析了不同焊接温度对接头组织、成分和力学性能的影响。结果表明：焊接温度对接头组织、成分和性能具有显著的影响,随着温度的升高,接头区元素分布均匀,焊缝界限消失,晶粒跨界面连续生长,接头强度和塑性达到母材水平。TLP焊接技术具有优质、快速和高自动化的特点,因此在管道焊接方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

连接温度对T91／12Cr2MoWVTiB TLP连接接头组织和性能的影响

连接温度是完成瞬时液相扩散连接、保证焊接接头性能的关键参数,采用不同连接温度1210℃、1230℃和1250℃对T91／12Cr2MowVTiB进行瞬时液相扩散连接,连接压力为2MPa,保温时间为4min,结果表明,在1210～1250℃范围内,随着温度的增加,焊接接头的成分越来越均匀,连接区域的显微硬度分布逐渐趋于平缓,接头的力学性能也随之提高。     

12Cr2Mo1R钢焊条电弧焊焊接接头的性能

采用焊条电弧焊工艺用奥氏体A302焊条对12Cr2Mo1R钢进行焊接,焊后对焊接接头进行425℃保温370h的热处理;对焊接接头进行了显微组织观察、能谱分析、物相测定和高温拉伸、冲击试验。结果表明:焊缝区组织为奥氏体、δ铁素体和少量碳化物;焊接接头高温拉伸屈服强度比母材的大,焊缝区的冲击功比母材的低;在焊缝区产生了少量脆性碳化物(M23C6型)和铁-铬新相,造成焊缝区的脆性比母材的增大。     

铝及铝合金的非真空瞬间液相扩散连接研究

采用Al-Si-Cu系列中间层进行了纯铝和铝合金的非真空瞬间液相扩散连接。结果表明,纯铝TLP连接接头存在明显扩散区,虽然扩散区中央残留少量氧化物夹杂和空洞,但接头拉伸和弯曲性能均达到母材水平。铝镁合金TLP连接接头组织和成分连续分布,形成均匀化接头,但接头区仍残留少量氧化物夹杂和空洞;虽然接头弯曲角为90°,但满足SF6导电管的实际应用。     

焊接温度对钛/钢复合管瞬时液相扩散焊接头组织与性能的影响

以内衬为TA2工业纯钛、外套为20钢的复合管为研究对象,采用BNi₂非晶合金箔为中间层,在氩气保护下,在1 130～1 200℃焊接温度下对钛/钢复合管进行瞬时液相扩散焊接,研究了焊接温度对钛/钢复合管接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明：不同焊接温度下的接头均成形良好,无孔洞、裂纹等宏观缺陷。随着焊接温度的升高,钛侧焊缝等轴晶组织长大,发生α→α′+β相变,焊缝边界逐渐模糊;钢侧焊缝针状铁素体和珠光体变粗大,黑色脆性相逐渐消失,中间层元素和母材元素的扩散距离增加。不同焊接温度下接头在拉伸时均先在钛侧焊缝处断裂,随着焊接温度的升高,接头抗拉强度先升高后降低,在1 180℃时接头抗拉强度最高,为460 MPa,断裂方式为脆韧混合断裂。     

预热及保温对严寒环境X80钢管道全自动外焊焊缝组织与性能的影响

研究了-30 ℃严寒环境下采用不同预热及保温措施进行电弧焊接的X80钢,观察了不同焊接条件下接头各区域的显微组织特点,通过硬度测试、拉伸试验、低温冲击试验对接头的力学性能进行了表征。研究结果表明：严寒环境下焊接得到的X80钢焊缝以柱状晶为主,填充区主要由针状铁素体、先共析铁素体及少量魏氏组织组成,随着预热及保温温度升高,魏氏组织的尺寸和数量都有所减小;接头硬度的极大值与极小值分别出现在热影响区的粗晶区与不完全重结晶区,随着预热及保温温度的升高,接头的整体硬度降低,焊缝区域的低温冲击韧性增强,而抗拉强度先提高后降低;预热及保温是接头在严寒环境下获得具有良好综合性能的有效措施,预热及保温温度为100 ℃时接头性能最优。     

地质钻杆的瞬时液相扩散连接双温工艺

采用瞬时液相扩散连接双温工艺对45MnMoB地质钻杆进行了焊接,氩气保护,非晶箔合金作中间层;利用扫描电镜、万能材料试验机和电子探针等分析了连接接头的显微组织、力学性能和元素分布.结果表明:接头处形成了跨界面连续生长的晶粒,其组织与母材组织相同;传统瞬时液相扩散工艺连接的组织性能不如双温工艺的好,1230/1250℃双温工艺获得的接头抗拉强度为890MPa,弯曲角为180°.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.