固定化运动发酵单胞菌乙醇发酵研究

以运动发酵单胞菌(zymomonas mobilis 10225)为菌种。以葡萄糖为底物进行乙醇发酵。对不同底物浓度[5％，7．5％。10％(W／V)]、不同温度(25℃,30℃，35℃)条件下，游离细胞和固定化细胞乙醇发酵的特性进行研究。实验结果表明。葡萄糖浓度为5％。25℃时可达到最大的乙醇产率0．50g乙醇／g葡萄糖。以海藻酸钙为包埋介质，对Zymomonas mobilis进行固定化。在10％葡萄糖培养基中多批次半连续发酵，可在8h内使乙醇产率系数达到0．50。短的发酵周期和高的乙醇产率为后续的葡萄糖和木糖两步乙醇发酵提供理想的实验数据。     

水稻脆性秸秆发酵产纤维乙醇的研究

以水稻脆性秸秆为原料进行了发酵产乙醇的研究。用水稻脆性秸秆比用作对照的普通秸秆的半纤维素和木质素含量分别高17%和5%,纤维素含量低15%。采用浓度为2%(w/v)的硫酸进行秸秆预处理后,脆性秸秆稀酸水解液中葡萄糖含量为普通秸秆的1.38倍;每克脆性秸秆产生的木糖和阿拉伯糖比普通秸秆分别高出12.0 mg和3.9 mg;两种秸秆酸水解液中副产物乙酸、糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的浓度差异不显著。经过纤维素酶进一步处理后,每克脆性秸秆得到的总还原糖量为(541.2±8.0)mg,比普通秸秆高出41.9 mg。Escherichia coli SZ470利用酸预处理且酶促糖化的两种秸秆发酵72 h后,脆性秸秆发酵的乙醇产量可达(10.9±0.4)g/L,为普通秸秆的1.1倍。     

木质纤维素稀酸水解液乙醇发酵的新方法

为了降低木质纤维素水解液发酵抑制剂对乙醇发酵的负影响,采用混合菌种对木质纤维素稀酸水解液乙醇发酵方式进行了研究。对批式发酵、补料批式发酵和间隔补料批式发酵3种发酵方式进行了比较。实验结果表明,间隔补料批式发酵可以有效地减弱水解液中抑制因子对菌种的影响,乙醇产量明显高于其他两种发酵方式,利用酿酒酵母(Saccaromyces cerevisiae 2.535)和嗜鞣管囊酵母(Pachysolen tannophilis ATCC 32728)混合发酵,乙醇产量最终达到14.4g/L,乙醇产率(Yp/s)为0.47g/g,相当于最大理论产率的92.2%。利用酿酒酵母和重组大肠杆菌混合菌种发酵,乙醇产量达到了14.5g/L。对木质纤维素稀酸水解液采用间隔补料批式乙醇发酵方法,可进一步减少抑制剂对乙醇发酵的影响,使发酵顺利进行。     

木质纤维素稀酸水解液游离细胞乙醇发酵

为了对木质纤维素稀酸水解液进行游离细胞乙醇发酵,采用了混合菌种与不同发酵方式对稀酸水解液的乙醇发酵进行了研究。通过对1#菌和2#菌以及1#菌和3#菌两组混合菌种的驯化,得到了能耐受一定浓度的发酵抑制因子并产生较高乙醇产量的菌株。用1#菌和2#菌混合菌种以及1#菌和3#菌混合菌种进行批式发酵,72h内乙醇产率分别为0.49g/g和0.45g/g,达到了理论产率的96.1%和88.5%。对补料批式发酵进行的初步研究也取得了比较好的结果。     

生物质合成气发酵生产乙醇的工艺分析

介绍了生物质合成气发酵制备乙醇的工艺过程。采用Aspen plus软件对工艺过程建立模型,模拟计算乙醇的产量。针对影响乙醇产量的主要参数进行了灵敏度分析,结果表明:气化过程中氧气与干生物质质量比对乙醇产量影响显著,且比值为0.4时,乙醇产量最大;而气化过程中过多蒸汽的加入会降低乙醇产量;发酵过程中CO和H2转化率的提高有利于乙醇产量的增加。     

固定化细胞木质纤维素稀酸水解液乙醇发酵研究

利用不同菌种的固定化细胞对木质纤维素稀酸水解液进行乙醇发酵,对2#菌进行了以木糖为底物7个批次的驯化培养。利用4#与1#的混合菌及3#菌进行批式发酵以及4#和1#、1#和3#、4#和3#混合菌及3#菌进行补料批式发酵,结果表明,1#和4#及1#和3#混合固定化对木质纤维素稀酸水解液进行补料批式发酵,乙醇产率较为理想,分别为理论产率的79.3%和84.3%。     

运动发酵单胞菌232B木薯快速乙醇发酵

以运动发酵单胞菌232B(Z.mobilis 232B)为菌种,木薯为底物进行同步糖化快速乙醇发酵的研究.首先采用Full Factorial设计和最速上升实验确定了培养基成分中的两个显著性因子及其最适浓度:酵母粉4.0g·kg-1,硫酸铵0.8g·kg-1.在最适合的培养基条件下,对木薯料水比和糖化酶用量进行了优化,得到Z.mobilis232B木薯乙醇发酵最佳料水比为1:3,糖化酶浓度为4AGU·g-1淀粉,乙醇发酵4.915g·(kg·h)-1.利用高效液相色谱对发酵液中残糖进行了分析,证明葡萄糖、果糖等单糖已完全被菌体利用,剩余糖多为二糖、三糖等不可发酵的低聚糖.     

木聚糖酶的发酵动力学研究与分批补料控制

在里氏木霉发酵产木聚糖酶工艺研究基础上,构建了关于菌体生长、产物形成和底物消耗的发酵动力学方程,并依据发酵动力学过程特点设计了分批补料方案,研究了分批补料发酵过程中生物量、p H值、氨基氮、酶量等参数的变化特征。研究结果表明,分批补料发酵可提高发酵过程的生物量,避免菌体过早衰亡,在120 h后分批补料发酵可以延长菌体产酶时间,提高单位发酵体积的发酵酶活,为工业自动化控制生产奠定良好基础。     

狗牙根糖化液发酵制备乙醇的工艺研究

禾本科狗尾草属植物——狗牙根,纤维素含量非常丰富,纤维素经过稀酸、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶处理后,接种嗜鞣管囊酵母发酵可得到生物乙醇。试验以乙醇得率为指标,研究了葡萄糖、酵母膏、蛋白胨、接种量、温度、时间、pH等因素对乙醇得率的影响,通过正交试验,得到最佳的试验组合,最后用狗牙根糖化液代替葡萄糖进行发酵,生产制备生物乙醇。结果表明,在以葡萄糖为原料的乙醇生产过程中的最佳条件是:100 mL的培养基中,葡萄糖20 g、酵母膏1.5 g、蛋白胨0.5 g、接种量13 mL、温度30℃、时间60 h、pH5.5、硫酸铵1 g、磷酸二氢钾0.2 g、硫酸镁0.1 g,乙醇的最高产率为43.35%;狗牙根糖化液最终乙醇得率为7.04%。     

木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇菌种的研究

目前,随着石油资源的日益枯竭,寻求一种廉价的、清洁的、可再生的新型能源成为各国能源领域科研人员的一项重要任务.乙醇作为一种工业燃料,具有许多优点,利用生物质制取燃料乙醇技术,越来越受到人们的广泛关注.文章报道了国内外近年来利用木质纤维素稀酸水解液制取燃料乙醇的菌种的研究现状,主要包括木质纤维素稀酸水解液乙醇发酵的酵母菌、细菌及基因重组菌的菌种构建等.     

Arrowroot as a novel substrate for ethanol production by solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Ethanol production from Canna edulis Ker was successfully carried out by solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of C. edulis were optimized by Plackett–Burman design. The effect of inert carrier (corncob and rice bran) on ethanol fermentation and the kinetics of solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was investigated. It was found that C. edulis was an alternative substrate for ethanol production, 10.1% (v/v) of ethanol concentration can attained when 40 g corncob and 10 g rice bran per 100 g C. edulis powder were added for ethanol fermentation. No shortage of fermentable sugars was observed during solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. There was no wastewater produced in the process of ethanol production from C. edulis with solid state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and the ethanol yield of more than 0.28 tonne per one tonne feedstock was achieved. This is first report for ethanol production from C. edulis powder.     

甜菜乙醇发酵条件的研究

以甜菜为原料,利用酿酒酵母对经过预处理后得到的汁液进行酒精发酵试验。通过单因子试验和正交试验,探讨最优发酵条件。试验结果显示的最佳发酵条件:初始糖浓度为10.4%,营养盐添加量分别为K2HPO40.2%,NH4Cl0.2%,MgSO40.01%,种龄24h,接种量15%,初始pH值为5,温度为32℃,摇床转速为175r/min。     

Effects of rice husk particle size on biohydrogen production under solid state fermentation

As a renewable energy source bio-hydrogen production from lignocellulosic wastes is a promising approach which can produce clean fuel with no CO₂ emissions. Utilization of agro-industrial residues in solid state fermentation (SSF) is offering a solution to solid wastes disposal and providing an economical process of value-added products such as hydrogen.In this study three different particle size of rice husk (<2000 μm, <300 μm, <74 μm) was subjected to batch SSF with a Clostridium termitidis: Clostridium intestinale ratio of 5:1. C. termitidis is a cellulolytic microorganism that has the ability to hydrolyze cellulosic substances and C. intestinale is able to grow on glucose having a potential of enhancing hydrogen production when used in the co-culture. 5 g dw rice husk with 75% humidity was used as substrate in SSF under mesophilic conditions. The highest HF Volume (29.26 mL) and the highest yield (5.9 mL H₂ g⁻¹ substrate) were obtained with the smallest particle size (<74 μm). The main metabolites obtained from the fermentation media were acetic, butyric, propionic and lactic acids. The second best production yield (3.99 mL H₂ g⁻¹ substrate) was obtained with the middle particle size (<300 μm) rice husk with a HF of 19.71 mL.     

微波预处理稻壳对纤维素酶固态发酵的影响

以稻壳为原料,通过微波预处理后用于固态发酵生产纤维素酶,研究了微波处理对后续发酵过程的影响。采用正交试验与单因素试验确定了微波处理的条件,并分析了微波功率与处理时间对发酵过程中纤维素酶活性及戊糖、还原糖含量的影响。试验结果表明,用功率为300W的微波处理稻壳7min后进行发酵,可以得到最高的纤维素酶酶活,其中滤纸酶活（干基质）可达7．09 IU／g,CMC酶活（干基质）可达87．24 IU／g,分别比未经处理的稻壳提高了21％和15％。若以单位能耗产生的酶活增加量计算,微波处理稻壳5min后发酵,可以得到最高的酶活性增加量。     

绿色木霉的选育及固态发酵产纤维素酶的研究

从纤维素酶产生菌绿色木霉TY-2出发,通过紫外诱变技术选育出1株遗传稳定性良好的高产菌株H-28,其产纤维素酶的滤纸酶活力稳定在2.67 U/g左右,较出发菌株提高58.08%。以麸皮和蔗渣为主要原料对变异株H-28进行固态发酵研究,单因素优化了培养基、培养条件和表面活性剂对菌株H-28发酵产纤维素酶的影响,最后选取影响产酶较大的4个因素:发酵时间、Mandels营养盐液、蛋白胨、吐温-80做4因素3水平正交试验。最终优化后突变菌株H-28的产酶能力最高值为6.79 U/g,是出发菌株的4.07倍。     

Antibiotics production of cellulosic waste with solid state fermentation by Streptomyces

Cellulosic waste, corncob, was used as a substrate in the production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus TM-55 in solid state fermentation. Oxytetracycline was detected on the fourth day, and reached its maximum on the eighth day. During cultivation, the moisture content of substrate increased as incubation being, and pH value increased slightly. Optimal conditions for oxytetracycline production were an initial pH of 5.2 to 6.3, an initial moisture content of 64 to 67%, supplemented with 20% (w/w) rice bran or 1.5 to 2.5% (NH₄)₂SO₄ as the sole nitrogen source, 1.0% CaCO₃, 2% MgSO₄ 7H₂O, 0.5% KH₂PO₄, and 0.6 to 0.8% aspartic acid or lysine, with incubation for 8 days at 25 to 30°C. Each gram of substrate produced 10 to 11 mg of oxytetracycline.     

Performance of batch solid state fermentation for hydrogen production using ground wheat residue

Ground wheat (21 g) was subjected to batch solid state dark fermentation for bio-hydrogen production. Clostridium acetobutylicum (B-527) was used as the culture of dark fermentation bacteria at mesophilic conditions. Effects of moisture content on the rate and yield of bio-hydrogen formation were investigated. The highest CHF (1222 ml), hydrogen yield (63 ml H₂ g^?1 starch), formation rate (10.64 ml H₂ g^?1 starch h^?1) and specific hydrogen formation rate (0.28 ml H₂ g^?1 biomass h^?1) were obtained with a moisture content of 80%. Nearly complete starch hydrolysis and glucose fermentation were achieved with more than 80% moisture content and the highest substrate conversion rate (21.9 mg L^?1 h^?1) was obtained with 90% moisture content at batch solid state fermentation producing volatile fatty acids (VFA) and H₂.     

酵母乙醇发酵动力学模型研究

文章研究了Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742以葡萄糖为底物的发酵动力学。根据最优化影响因素实验的结果,利用Logistic方程、Leudeking-Piret方程和类Luedeking-Piret方程,分别建立了酵母乙醇发酵的菌体生长模型、产物形成模型以及底物消耗模型,利用软件拟合并得到模型的参数估值。结果表明,乙醇的合成与酵母菌的生长速率及菌体积累量均有关,根据细胞生长速率与产物形成速率是否偶联进行动力学分类,其属于部分偶联型。底物消耗模型和产物形成模型拟合度R2分别达到了0.983与0.900,可用于描述利用Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742菌株的葡萄糖发酵制乙醇过程。     

Optimization of ethanol fermentation process design

The ethanol fermentation process using molasses as the feedstock has been studied. The process alternatives, compared to the original fermentation process described in the literature, have been modeled using single and double distillation columns. Short-cut and rigorous models for the distillation column were compared and their influence on the process economics indicate the rigorous model to be more exact, the short-cut model to be faster and more convenient for comparative analysis of finding the optimal process structure. The process with the single distillation column was shown to be the optimal variant requiring the lowest equipment and utilities cost. Estimated net present worth value for the single column was 29.6 MUSD and for the double columns 27.1 MUSD. A heat pump use was found to be a possible option for heat integration. The span of temperatures in distillation columns was confirmed to be the decisive factor for the economy of heat pump use. The pay back time was more than 5 years. Thermal integration reduced the total annual costs by 27% as compared to the basic process scheme.     

合成气乙醇发酵的微生物研究

生物质合成气发酵是一种独特的、经济可行的乙醇生产新方法,它包括气化和发酵两个方面,对环境改善和能源供给有积极的意义.在合成气发酵产乙醇的微生物中,Clostridium ljungdahlii和Clostfidium carboxidivorans P7最有应用价值.它们利用合成气的途径是wood-ljungdahl途径.文章概述了合成气发酵产乙醇的菌种和培养条件,建立了生长动力学模型,提出了合成气发酵产乙醇工业化过程中存在的问题和应用前景.