槽式太阳能集热器运行特性分析

分析与研究了槽式太阳能聚光集热器运行特性,建立了槽式太阳能聚光集热器运行特性参数的数学模型,应用该模型以我国西部太阳能热发电的典型地区为计算地点,对槽式太阳能聚光集热器的太阳入射角余弦、入射角修正系数、遮挡系数、端部损失及镜场运行效率等运行特性参数进行了计算。结果表明：槽式太阳能集热器正午时刻入射角余弦达到最小值,余弦效应最为明显;遮挡损失和端部损失对槽式集热器的运行影响总体不大,在日出、日落时刻会发生遮挡效应,最大端部损失发生在正午时刻;槽式太阳能聚光集热器镜场效率正午时刻之前单调下降,正午时刻后,随高度角的下降而单调增加,在正午时刻达到最小值,夏至日镜场效率峰值约为0.74,冬至日的峰值约为0.47,差值约为0.27。     

槽式太阳能聚光器跟踪系统运行特性分析

建立槽式太阳能聚光器跟踪太阳角度的数学模型,利用该跟踪太阳的数学模型对槽式聚光器不同布置方式太阳跟踪角度以及太阳光线入射角进行分析研究。计算槽式太阳能跟踪系统的角度的运行数据,分析其变化特性和跟踪规律。为了验证本文的计算方法,进行实验研究。计算和实验结果表明:入射角余弦夏至日的平均值是0.98,冬至日的平均值是0.71;对于聚光器采用东西水平布置南北轴跟踪方式,在冬至日正午时刻聚光器运行速率最快,峰值达到0.398°/min;采用南北水平布置东西轴跟踪方式,在夏至日出时刻聚光器运行速率最快,峰值达到0.45°/min;通过实验比较了跟踪角的实际测量值与计算角度最大偏差约为0.56°,平均偏差为0.334°。     

太阳能聚光热发电系统跟踪角的矢量分析

针对太阳能聚光热发电系统中跟踪装置的跟踪角计算方法及相应的涉及几何光学的计算公式(如反射光方向、入射角等)均不相同的问题,通过矢量法简化了理论推导过程,给出塔式、槽式、碟式、线性菲涅耳型四种主要的太阳能聚光反射装置的跟踪角、入射角及反射光的矢量计算公式,可为实际工程应用及分析提供必要的理论基础。     

菲涅耳太阳能聚光系统几何矢量分析

提出了线性菲涅耳聚光反射装置中入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角的矢量计算方法.该聚光装置中每个反射镜面(简称镜元)需实时跟踪太阳,将太阳入射光反射至固定位置的线性吸热器上,每一镜元的入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角均时刻变化,系统设计时的计算非常复杂.利用目前太阳位置算法中得到的太阳高度角、方位角,通过矢量法,简化计算过程,推导出线性菲涅耳反射装置任一镜元的入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角公式,便于菲涅耳太阳能聚光装置的分析应用,计算了2009年各月平均日的各量在具体算例情况下的变化.     

一种槽式聚光器追日误差补偿方法

为了消除槽式聚光器回转轴位置偏差对太阳跟踪精度产生的影响,以南北布置的槽式聚光器为例,通过分析槽式聚光器回转轴在安装时或长期工作之后产生的位置偏离,建立回转轴偏离理想位置的数学模型,推导出太阳相对回转轴的高度角和方位角计算公式,进而对回转轴偏离产生的误差进行补偿。算法适用于任意方向布置的槽式聚光器的跟踪角度计算     

赤峰市清洁能源发展路径研究

为了消除槽式聚光器回转轴位置偏差对太阳跟踪精度产生的影响,以南北布置的槽式聚光器为例,通过分析槽式聚光器回转轴在安装时或长期工作之后产生的位置偏离,建立回转轴偏离理想位置的数学模型,推导出太阳相对回转轴的高度角和方位角计算公式,进而对回转轴偏离产生的误差进行补偿。算法适用于任意方向布置的槽式聚光器的跟踪角度计算     

复合抛物面槽式光伏聚光器性能研究

文章提出了一种复合抛物面槽式光伏聚光器,介绍了该聚光器的工作原理,利用Solidworks软件对其进行三维建模,并通过光学仿真软件对不同入射偏角、光伏组件不同安装位置时接收体表面的光线接受率和聚光效率进行计算。该课题组搭建了复合抛物面槽式光伏聚光器试验台,对该光伏聚光器的输出电功率进行了测试和对比分析。结果表明:当复合抛物面槽式光伏聚光器径向入射偏角的变化范围为0~7°时,光线接受率为99.35%~60.49%;聚光效率随轴向入射偏角的增大呈线性降低的变化趋势;光线接受率和聚光效率随光伏组件与入射光之间夹角的增大而降低;在自然天气条件下,复合抛物面槽式光伏聚光器的输出电功率约为相同测试条件下平板光伏组件的2倍。     

跟踪式CPC热管真空管集热器聚光及集热特性

将曲柄连杆单轴跟踪技术与CPC(复合抛物面聚光器)热管真空管太阳集热器集成,研制一套聚光比为2.3的跟踪式CPC集热器。基于Trace Pro光学软件模拟其跟踪模式下的聚光行为,并对不同跟踪模式下的集热特性进行实验研究。模拟得到横向投影角θt是影响CPC集热器光学性能的主要因素,θt为-23.5°~23.5°时,入射角修正因子(IAM)达到0.95~1.14;跟踪可有效缩小θt,将光学效率提高30%以上;采用三点式间歇跟踪即可获得高于60%的光学效率。实测集热效率分布和光学效率模拟值趋势一致,系统跟踪时高效集热时间为固定式的2.7倍,平均集热效率达到固定式的2.1倍。集热效率归一化线性良好,效率截距为52%,和光学效率模拟值偏差小于12%,佐证了模拟分析结果。     

抛物面槽式太阳能SolTrace 模拟与实验分析

结合抛物面槽式聚光器的光学特性,应用Sol Tarce光学仿真模拟软件,采用蒙特卡洛射线追踪法对设计搭建的呈东西轴布置的抛物面槽式聚光集热实验系统,建立光学系统模型并进行Sol Tarce模拟分析,获得抛物面槽式吸热管在当天不同时刻下及不同太阳直射辐照度下的有效辐射能通量和抛物面槽式吸热管壁面的能流密度分布,并将模拟得到的结果与实测实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明:模拟结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性,最小及最大偏差分别为8.1%和16.4%,实验数据可较好地验证Sol Tarce模拟系统的可行性及模拟结果的可信度,抛物面槽式吸热管吸收太阳辐射能受太阳光入射角和太阳辐照度的影响较大。模拟结果能够有效地反映聚光型太阳能热发电系统的光学性能及热性能,为聚光型太阳能热发电系统的设计与优化以及工程应用提供参考依据。     

DSG太阳能槽式集热器聚光特性模拟

在槽式集热器光学理论的基础上,以DSG太阳能槽式真空集热器为研究对象,建立DSG集热器模型,并运用蒙特卡罗光线追踪法进行辐射计算及分析.通过研究集热器几何聚光比和边界角对集热器吸热管表面圆周方向热流密度分布的影响,获取了集热器的聚光特性.结果表明：计算结果与文献数据吻合良好;随着几何聚光比的增大,吸热管表面圆周方向的热流密度分布趋势不变,数值相应增大;随着集热器边界角的减小,热流密度的最大值增大,热流密度的分布曲线向圆周角-90°方向偏移相应的角度.     

光纤激光多功能加工设备设计方案

该设备的方案为选配光纤传导的大功率光纤激光器,将聚焦系统连接在机器人手腕上,集成为柔性激光加工设备,运动的执行机构为激光束扫描运动的机器人＋工件旋转的转台系统,可以实现各种形状零件的全自动激光加工。     

Assessing the impact of non-ideal optical factors on optimized solar dish collector system with mirror rearrangement

An optimized solar dish collector (OPSDC) system was proposed in our previous work, which can achieve excellent the optical efficiency and flux uniformity under ideal optics. On this basis, the impacts of the non-ideal optical factors on the optical performance of OPSDC system with a cylindrical and conical receiver are studied in detail and compared with the conventional solar dish collector (COSDC) system in this paper. Where the non-ideal optical factors considered are relatively comprehensive, including the mirror slope error, tracking error, installation error of the mirror and receiver, and receiver's absorptivity degeneration. An optical model with the non-ideal optical factors is built in detail by the ray tracing method, and the corresponding ray tracing codes are developed and verified by literatures and optical software OptisWorks 2012. The results show that the OPSDC system not only has a significantly smaller peak local concentration ratio (LCR) and non-uniformity factor than the COSDC system under the same non-ideal optical factor, but also has excellent optical performance. This means that OPSDC system can effectively avoid the heat absorber generating high-temperature hot spots, thus significantly improving its working reliability and service lifetime. In addition, the tracking error, installation error of the receiver and mirror all lead to the increase of the peak LCR and non-uniform factor, while the mirror slope error and absorber's absorptivity degeneration are conducive to reducing the peak LCR and non-uniform factor. This work can provide a reference for error control of COSDC system and OPSDC system in manufacturing, installation and operation.     

智能变电站光缆选型及敷设研究

针对目前智能变电站信息交互中光缆的大量使用导致对光缆的种类、连接及敷设方式提出了更高的要求,比较了多模光纤中50/125μm和62.5/125μm两种光纤芯的特点,同时考虑智能变电站数据传输的特点和要求,选择了合适的多模光纤;分析了目前光缆连接中出现的问题,提出了采用ODC光缆组件连接的方式,并给出了智能变电站光缆连接的优化方案;针对常规变电站内电缆沟存在的缺点,提出了在智能变电站光缆敷设中采用装配式钢制电缆槽盒的方案,提高了施工效率。     

光纤测温技术现状研究及发展趋势

温度参数是电力系统运行状态中需要监控的重要物理量之一,光纤温度传感相较于其他温度传感技术,具有耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、低能耗、无源、易部署等诸多优势.文章分析了基于光纤的多种温度测量和传感技术原理、发展及其各自适用的应用场景,讨论了光纤测温技术在电力系统的工程使用情况,得出不同光纤测温技术的应用优势,并展望了光纤测温技术在...     

光纤传感器不同布设方式对应变传递的影响分析

为对比不同光纤传感器布设方式对光纤应变传递率的影响,分别建立表贴式和埋入式两种光纤与被测结构的应变传递模型,推导相应的传递系数,通过有限元模型分析验证传递系数的准确性,并基于埋设长度进行敏感性对比分析。结果表明,当埋设长度为1m时,两种方式下光纤中段80%以上区域应变传递率接近1,基体应变均可有效传递至纤芯,两种布设方式均适用于类似结构。光纤两端区域传递率存在不同程度的降低,与埋入式相比,表贴式光纤的两端传递效率低的区域范围更大。敏感性分析表明,随着长度增加,光纤与基体之间的平均应变传递率增高,埋入式始终高于表贴式。因此,对于小型被测基体,布设埋入式光纤更合理;考虑施工及检修,表贴式适合应用于已建大型结构。     

Hydrothermally synthesized TiO2 nanopowders and their use as photoanodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells

TiO₂ nanopowders are synthesized using a hydrothermal process under various conditions. Effects of several hydrothermal conditions are investigated such that the TiO₂ nanopowders having optimized size, surface area, crystallinity, and yield are used for the fabrication of photoanodes. The obtained TiO₂ photoanodes are subjected to oxygen plasma treatments for various times. As‐synthesized and plasma‐treated photoanodes are then assembled into dye‐sensitized solar cells. The plasma‐treated photoanodes exhibit different concentrations of surface C–OH and oxygen vacancies, depending on the plasma treatment times. This leads to dye‐sensitized solar cells having different conversion efficiencies. The use of plasma treatment can enhance the cell conversion efficiency by more than 24%. The effects of the photoanode surface condition on the performance of photoanode are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于分布式光纤传感技术的移动式堆石坝面板塌陷探测方法

混凝土面板堆石坝面板的工作状态直接关系到大坝的安全运行,水下面板缺陷的探测是长期关注的难点问题。利用光纤分布式传感技术,研制了一种新的移动式面板塌陷检测装置,通过特殊光纤布制成的传感布,制作可移动式感知设备,感知面板塌陷处光纤在水压力作用下的应变变化,实现了水下面板塌陷的探测,并可通过光纤的异常应变信号,确定缺陷位置和大小。模型试验结果表明,该方法具有较强的水下面板塌陷探测能力,能检测面板的塌陷位置和范围并可视化。     

光自动切换保护系统在电力通信系统的应用

论述了使用光纤线路自动切换保护系统（OLP）的必要性，针对三明电网具体情况，以武汉光迅科技股份有限公司的OLP系列光纤线路自动切换保护系统为例，将原通信方式与新通信方式进行对比，重点讲解系统的原胖、功能及其价值体现.OLP系列光线路保护器和相应的网管系统可以满足电力通信重点干线的保障、区域故障易发线路的保障以及日常线路维护的需要。     

Optical study of twin‐tanked ICS solar heaters combined with asymmetrical CPC‐type reflectors

The distribution of solar irradiance on the absorbing surface of a typical integrated collector storage (ICS) system combined with reflector troughs is commonly studied by means of ray tracing techniques. A conceptually different alternative is offered by the method of the average number of reflections (ANR). In the present work, the latter is employed for the systematic optical study of realistic ICS models. In all cases, the solar devices consist of twin cylindrical storage tanks which are mounted on top of stationary asymmetrical CPC‐type reflectors. The emphasis of the current research is mainly placed on the evaluation of the ANR reliability for the calculation of the optical efficiency of the related twin‐tanked devices. Additionally, useful operational parameters, such as the optical performance of the proposed geometries, are also determined. The behavior of the tested ICS systems reveals that the optical efficiency may vary in the range of 0.75 to 0.91, exhibiting a strong dependence on the geometric parameters of the solar devices. The highest efficiency is achieved by the systems which combine large reflecting area and storage tanks in close proximity.     

A new design of luminescent solar concentrator and its trial run

Normal luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) have a great limitation in their light transportation because the light produced by the recently reported LSCs is not a point light source. In order to enable LSCs to use optical fibers as the effective remote light transport media, a new design of LSC, which uses three color luminescent fibers for solar absorption and uses clear optical fiber bundles to transport the absorbed sunlight into a remote place, is fabricated and tested. Radiation flux ratios with a mean value of 5.7%, the luminous flux up to 114.1 lumens, and the light efficiency of 0.56% have been achieved during the trial run. The luminous efficacy as 0.643 lm W⁻¹ is higher than that of combusting candles (0.3 lm W⁻¹) but lower than that of the incandescent light bulbs (16–40 lm W⁻¹). Further, since the sun light is free, different from electrical light sources, the luminous efficacy of the new LSC does not result in any electricity consumption when it is under operation. A color analysis and spectrum test proves that the light produced by the new LSC performs a great match to the direct sun light in color. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.