低频电磁场频率对ZL201合金组织的影响

采用低频电磁铸造技术制备ZL201合金半固态坯料,研究了电磁场频率对合金微观组织的影响.结果表明,随着电磁场频率从10 Hz上升到30 Hz时,粗大枝晶组织被打碎,逐渐转变为分布均匀、细小的、棒状或蔷薇状非枝晶组织.当电磁场频率为30 Hz时,可以获得更加均匀、细小的非枝晶组织,适合于半固态二次加热和触变成形.     

6061铝合金半固态坯料二次加热工艺及组织演变

针对近液相线半连续铸造技术制备的6061铝合金半固态坯料,在不同加热温度及保温时间下进行二次加热,采用光学显微镜及图像分析仪考察试样的微观形貌及尺寸特征,结合差热分析的方法研究加热过程中的液相形成、组织演变及晶粒长大过程。结果表明,二次加热温度及保温时间共同影响着微观组织演变过程,随着加热温度升高及保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐球化并长大。加热温度越高,组织演变速度越快;保温时间越长,晶粒球化并长大越明显。有效地控制二次加热温度及保温时间,能够获得均匀、圆整且相对细小的半固态组织。     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.     

Deformation mechanism and forming properties of 6061Al alloys during compression in semi-solid state

The 6061 semi-solid aluminium alloy feedstocks prepared by near-liquidus casting were compressed in semi-solid state by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The relationship between the true stress and the true strain at different temperatures and strain rates was studied with the deformation degree of 70%. The microstructures during the deformation process were characterized. The deformation mechanism and thixo-forming properties of the semi-solid alloys were analyzed. The results show that the homogeneous and non-dendrite microstructures of semi-solid 6061Al alloy manufactured by near-liquidus casting technology could be transformed into semi-solid state with the microstructure suitable for thixo-forming which are composed of near-spherical grains and liquid phase with eutectic composition through reheating process. The deformation temperature and strain rate affect the peak stress significantly rather than steady flow stress. The resistance to deformation in semi-solid state decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate. At steady thixotropic deformation stage, the thixotropic property is uniform, and the main deformation mechanism is the rotating or sliding between the solid particles and the plastic deformation of the solid particles.     

ZK60-2Ca镁合金近液相线铸造研究

用近液相铸造方法制备了ZK60-2Ca半固态坯料。对其组织演变进行了研究,发现由于Zr的特殊细化作用,ZK60-2Ca合金直接获得球形或近球形的组织,无需经过枝晶球化过程。通过用不同冷却速率的铸模浇铸考察了冷却速率对铸造组织的影响,并对近液相铸造时静置时间对微观组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随浇铸温度的降低和静置时间延长至60 min,晶粒逐渐细化并趋于均匀,晶粒尺寸达21?m,且圆度为1.29。随冷却速率的增加,晶粒细化并出现球化趋势。并对组织演变的机理进行了探讨。     

Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯料制备及触变挤压研究

采用拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和等径道角挤压等试验方法对Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯料制备及触变挤压过程进行了研究.结果表明,等径道角挤压工艺对Mg-Al系镁合金有很好的应变诱导效果.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-Al系镁合金力学性能高,晶粒细小.等径道角挤压+等温处理方法制备的Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯的微观组织晶粒细小,球化程度高,微观组织非常均匀.生产的AZ61、AZ80、AZ91D和AM60镁合金角框零件的微观组织细小,抗拉强度分别达到306.8、308.3、299.8、321.6MPa.伸长率分别达到21.6%、28.4%、14.6%和29.6%.     

触变模锻成形工艺对镁合金成形件力学性能的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备AZ91D—Y镁合金半固态坯料。分别将3种状态的坯料加热到半固态温度区间进行二次重熔后,进行了触变模锻成形。结果表明,在半固态温度为560℃,模锻压力为200MPa的条件下,半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备坯料分别保温30,20,15min后触变模锻获得最佳力学性能;随着坯料加热温度的升高,触变模锻成形件力学性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势;增加成形压力有利于触变模锻成形件力学性能的提高;在相同成形条件下,等通道角挤压法制备坯料触变模锻后的力学性能最好,近液相线模锻法次之,半固态等温热处理法较差。     

A390合金近液相线法处理中初生硅形态的演变

采用A390合金为试验原料,通过改变、控制浇注温度、保温时间和冷却速度,研究了在近液相线区不同温度（620°～695°）、不同保温时间（10min-70min）下获得半固态合金坯料组织的演变规律及变化机理。结果表明：在635°～650°,保温40min～55min,能够得到细小、均匀、圆整的颗粒状初生硅组织。因此,仅通过控制近液相线法铸造的工艺参数便可改善A390合金半固态坯料中初生硅的尺寸和形貌,这是获得半固态坯料的一种简单、高效和低成本的方法。     

镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变。结果表明：与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形。在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大。铸态坯料晶粒液相来源于非平衡凝固时在晶内产生的共晶组织,以及在随后的合并长大过程中晶粒所包裹的液相。随着保温时间的延长,铸态坯料的晶粒尺寸变化情况是：增大、减小然后又增大;而挤压态坯料的晶粒尺寸呈单一增大趋势。     

低过热度铸造和触变锻造结合制备A356铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能

采用低过热度铸造和触变锻造相结合的方法制备A356铝合金车轮,研究低过热度铸造A356铝合金坯料的组织、坯料二次加热组织演变规律和触变锻造车轮的组织与力学性能。结果表明：熔体在635℃浇注,可获得具有细小、均匀的非枝晶晶粒的A356铝合金坯料。坯料在600℃等温加热60min后,非枝晶晶粒可转变成球形晶粒,在750kN锻压力下半固态坯料可触变锻造成铝合金车轮。经T6热处理,A356铝合金车轮的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为327．6MPa和7．8％,高于铸造铝合金车轮的拉伸力学性能。将低过热度铸造与触变锻造工艺相结合,可以制备具有较高力学性能的铝合金车轮。     

ZL201合金半固态触变压铸的组织与性能

研究了ZL201合金半固态触变压铸组织与性能,包括半固态坯料的制备、二次加热、压铸成形和成形件的热处理.结果表明:采用低频电磁搅拌半连续铸造制备的ZL201合金半固态坯料的微观组织为均匀、细小的非枝晶,在630℃下保温20 min可获得均匀的近球形二次加热组织.半固态压铸件的组织为较大的棒状、近球状的初生固相和由细小枝晶、等轴晶组成的二次固相,而且组织致密、内部无气孔.半固态压铸件经过535℃固溶9h和175℃时效6h处理后,硬度最大为HV 116.6.     

AZ61合金半固态二次加热工艺及组织演变

研究了应力诱发熔体激活法(SIMA)制备的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料在二次加热时加热温度和保温时间对其组织的影响,研究表明,二次加热初期半固态组织首先熔合合并,随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加;保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快。在592℃加热、保温20min~40min,可以获得均匀、圆整的半固态组织,晶粒大小为80μm~90μm,液相率为40%~42%。高于597℃时,试样重熔过程中易发生严重变形。     

几种车用铝合金的半固态成形工艺研究

研究了汽车件铝合金A357、ZL108和AS9U3半固态坯料制备与压铸成形工艺。试验分析比较了上述三种铝合金的兰固态非枝晶组织特点,结果显示：所制备的A357合金与国外专业公司生产的兰固态坯料组织比较接近ZL108和AS9U3合金的半固态组织与A357合金有显著区别,工艺优化,采用兰固态压铸技术成功地制成3种高质量的汽车零件。     

几种车用铝合金的半固态成形工艺研究

研究了汽车件铝合金A3 5 7、ZL10 8和AS9U3半固态坯料制备与压铸成形工艺。试验分析比较了上述三种铝合金的半固态非枝晶组织特点。结果显示 :所制备的A3 5 7合金与国外专业公司生产的半固态坯料组织比较接近 ,ZL10 8和AS9U3合金的半固态组织与A3 5 7合金有显著区别。通过工艺优化 ,采用半固态压铸技术成功地制成 3种高质量的汽车零件     

Mg对反重力铸造ZL116合金组织和性能的影响

通过OM、XRD以及室温拉伸试验等手段,分析了Mg对反重力铸造ZL116合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Mg含量提高,ZL116合金的抗拉强度有所提高,伸长率基本没有变化。反重力铸造方式中差压铸造的ZL116合金力学性能最优,低压铸造次之,调压铸造的力学性能差于重力铸造。随着Mg含量提高,ZL116合金中的强化相Mg2Si含量也随之增加,最终导致ZL116合金抗拉强度提高。     

7075合金液相线半连续铸造与二次加热的合金组织

提出了液相线半连续铸造制备铝合金半固态浆的新工艺,研究了液相线半连续铸造7075合金的微观组织及其在二次加热过程中的变化,在液相线温度下（908K）半连续铸造的7075合金组织为均匀、细小的蔷薇状组织,晶粒平均等积圆直径为29.7um,晶粒平均圆度为1.87。经二次加热后,铸造组织逐渐转变为等轴晶,在849K下加热60min后,晶粒平衡等积圆直径为57.6um,平均圆度为1.49,在869K下加热30min后,晶粒平均等积圆直径为47.2um,平均圆度为1.54。结果表明,液相线半边疆铸造可以获得理想的7075合金半固态浆料。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ZL201 ALLOY OBTAINED BY NEAR-LIQUIDUS ELECTROMAGNETIC CASTING

The microstructures of ZL201 alloy slurry prepared by near-liquidus electromagnetic casting （NLEMC）, electromagnetic casting（EMC）, and near-liquidus casting（NLC） were investigated by means of electron microscopy and image analysis. Mechanical properties of as-cast alloys were determined. The results show that the NLEMC induces a fine, uniform, and equiaxed grain structure with a mean equal-area-circle grain diameter of 32.8μm. The as-cast aUoy has a hardness of HV122.8 and a tensite strength of 368MPa. Both of them are betterthan those of the alloys prepared by EMC and by NLC. The mechanism of grain refinement in the NLEMC alloy slurry was discussed.     

反重力铸造对高强度铝合金凝固组织影响的研究

采用反重力铸造方法生产高强度铝合金铸件已成为航空、航天领域内获得优质构件的重要途径。研究了反重力铸造对高强度铝合金ZL114A和ZL205A铸件凝固组织的影响。结果表明,合金的凝固组织存在着不同的位置效应,对于ZL114A合金铸件,冷端晶粒尺寸最小,靠近浇口处晶粒尺寸粗大。对于ZL205A合金铸件,随距浇口处距离的减少,枝晶间分布的网格状θ（Al2Cu）相逐渐由粗变细,α（Al）枝晶内分布的黑色点状T（Al12CuMn2）相逐渐减少。分析表明,在反重力铸造补缩压力相同的情况下,合金的凝固温度范围不同是造成凝固组织不同位置效应的主要原因。     

ZL116合金的半固态触变成形

采用ZL116合金进行了半固态触变成形试验,结果表明,应用半固态触变成形工艺可以获得组织致密、轮廓清晰、充型完整的成形件;成形件的微观组织主要为细小、分布均匀的近球状和蔷薇状非枝晶组织;成形静压力作用所引起的局部组织塑性变形,使成形件的组织与性能得到改善,与液态触变工艺相比,硬度提高20％。     

Semi-solid squeeze casting process of a ZL109 alloy

The structure evolution of the ZL109 alloy in the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and the mechanical properties of the components were investigated. The results show that (1) the eutectic silicon phase in original billets is refined in the low super-heat casting process; (2) the eutectic structure in billets starts to fuse and the crystals of the eutectic silicon phase are refined further and sphericized in the remelting process of billets; (3) in the semi-solid ,squeeze casting process, the sphericity of the α phase and the refining of the silicon phase occur, owing to the friction between solid and liquid; (4) in the process of heat treatment, the eutectic α phase aggregates with the primary α phase and the eutectic silicon pieces aggregate together. The elongation of the semi-solid component after heat treatment rises to 1.42%.