烟道气中CO2捕集技术探讨

阐述了电厂烟道气中CO2捕集回收的各种工艺方法,并简要分析了各种捕集回收工艺中存在的问题,然后对二氧化碳捕捉技术发展前景进行了展望。     

CO2捕集技术的研究进展

介绍了近年来二氧化碳捕集技术路线和国内外的有关研究项目,分析了各种方法的分离原理及优缺点。并对二氧化碳捕捉技术发展前景进行了展望。     

CO2的回收和捕集技术进展

本文介绍了几种常用的CO2:回收利用方法及世界各大公司利用这些方法进行改进的效果,从而提高了CO2的回收利用率.     

燃烧后CO_2捕集技术研究

对燃烧前、燃烧后CO2捕集以及富氧燃烧3种CO2捕集技术的特点,以及适用于燃煤电厂的燃烧后CO2捕集技术进行了介绍,分析了吸收分离法、吸附分离法和膜分离法的原理及优缺点。其中,化学吸收法应用最广,但再生能耗大,运行成本高;吸附法虽再生能耗小,但对CO2选择性低,吸附能力有限;膜分离法目前仍处于实验室研究阶段,但应用前景巨大。对上述技术整合形成复合技术以及对新材料进行开发将有助于克服现有CCS技术面临的困难。     

二氧化碳捕集技术及应用分析

分析了CO2捕集技术及现状。CO2捕集是CCS的关键技术单元之一,针对不同的CO2气源,国内外研究开发了多种技术。许多CO2捕集技术已经工业化,其中燃烧后烟气中CO2的捕集技术主要是以一乙醇胺(MEA)为基础的胺法;燃烧前的CO2捕集技术主要应用于IGCC电厂,一般需要对煤气中CO进行部分变换,变换后脱碳可采用成熟技术,如Selexol(NHD)等。富氧燃烧则是在中试成功的基础上,进行更大规模的工业示范。国内外大型煤制油化工项目主要采用低温甲醇洗脱除CO2,如果设置CO2产品塔,则可以获得体积分数98%以上的CO2。天然气脱碳主要采用MDEA技术。另外还有低温法、PSA、膜分离等CO2捕集技术及化学链燃烧等一些正在研发的技术。     

新型高效低耗CO_2捕集配方溶剂的开发及工业应用

结合工业装置流程及实际运行,采用连续吸收再生模试装置,研究了醇胺分子中氨基取代基以及空间位阻效应对烟道气中CO_2捕集效果的影响。从分子结构的角度,开发了新型高效低耗CO_2捕集配方溶剂,通过3~5 m~3/h CO_2捕集模试装置,考察了其捕集率与再生能耗的关系,并在胜利电厂和四川维尼纶厂进行工业应用。结果表明,与传统的一乙醇胺(MEA)法相比,该溶剂再生能耗降低30%。     

燃烧后CO2捕集材料研究进展

简要阐述全球和我国的化石能源及CO2排放现状,针对燃烧后捕集化石燃料电厂烟道气中的CO2气体,以溶液吸收、吸附、膜分离、生物固定4种捕集方法为线索,讨论了各类CO2燃烧后捕集材料的最新进展。     

固废源CaO基CO2捕集材料的制备与捕集性能研究进展

CO₂捕集技术是当前应对全球气候变化、缓解温室效应的重要途径。利用含钙固体废弃物制备高效CaO基CO₂捕集材料有利于实现固废资源高值化利用、以废治废和清洁生产,具有重要的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。基于固废源高效廉价CaO基CO₂捕集材料的良好应用前景,本文介绍了工业废渣、生物质和其他含钙固体废弃物的产生与资源化利用现状,综述了CaO基吸附剂的捕集原理、碳酸化动力学过程和CO₂捕集性能,对比了以不同含钙固体废弃物为前驱体制备CaO基吸附剂的吸附-脱附循环性能和不同改性方法对其吸附稳定性的影响,从经济角度分析了固废源CaO基吸附剂在钢铁厂、燃煤电厂和生物制氢中的应用潜力,展望了固废源CaO基CO₂捕集材料的应用前景和发展方向。该文旨在为固废源CaO基吸附剂前驱体的选择、吸附性能的提高和固废吸附材料的工业应用提供帮助。     

均苯四甲酸二酐的捕集方法

介绍了从均四甲苯固定床气相氧化法的高温反应气中捕集低浓度的均苯四甲酸二酐的各种方法.并从反应工艺条件、设备的占地面积、粗产品收率、均苯四甲酸二酐的纯度、均酐产品捕集器的种类、数量、工人劳动强度、劳动环境等方面阐述了间接冷却法和直接冷却法中各种均苯四甲酸二酐捕集方法的优缺点.通过比较、分析指出了直接冷却法中有机溶剂湿壁捕集法和水-空气捕集法是均苯四甲酸二酐捕集方法的研究和发展方向.     

化工业减排和CO_2捕集的开发进展

介绍了世界化工行业减排和CO2捕集的开发进展情况。     

Brazing SiC ceramics and Zr with CoCrFeNiCuSn high entropy alloy

CoCrFeNiCuSn high-entropy alloy and Cu foam composite interlayer was used as a filler for the brazing of SiC ceramics and Zr. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joint at room temperature and high temperatures as well as the brazing mechanism were systematically investigated. The microstructure is adjusted by controlling the brazing temperature. The main phases in the joint were identified at different brazing temperatures to be a high-entropy alloy phase, α-Zr (s, s), Zr₂Cu, (Zr, Sn) and Zr(Cr, Fe)₂ Laves phase. The joint brazed at 1040 °C for 20 min exhibited a maximum shear strength of 221 MPa at room temperature and an average shear strength of 207 MPa at 600 °C. The room temperature and high temperature-strength obtained here are much higher than those obtained for joints brazed using a conventional filler. Owing to the high-entropy effect, the joint matrix is mainly composed of solid solution phase, which improves the strength and thermal stability of the joint. The existence of the hard Zr(Fe, Cr)₂ Laves phase and the soft α-Zr (s, s) phase in the joint significantly improves its strength and plasticity.     

The electroformation of Zr metal, Zr–Al alloy and carbon films on ceramic

A method of electroforming Zr metal, Zr–Al alloy and carbon film on ceramic substrates has been developed. Using this method, it is possible to apply these films to ceramic substrates, which are complicated in structure. Zr metal and alloy film are formed in the LiCl–KCl melt containing Zr(II), whereas carbon film is formed in the molten carbonate. The electrode consists of a metal part and the ceramic substrate. The films develop between the metal part and the ceramic substrate and propagate along the surface. To form the film there has to be sufficient initial current density to deposit dendritic Zr, carbon whiskers or cubic carbon particles on the metal part.     

添加元素对Zr1-xTix(NiCOMnV)2,1电极性能的影响

通过添加不同的导电剂和添加剂,制备了Zr1-xTix(NiCoMnV)2.1贮氢合金负极片,测试了不同负极片的放电容量. 结果表明：以镍粉为导电剂的Zr1-xTix(NiCoMnV)2.1负极片性能明显高于以碳黑为导电剂的负极片, 添加银粉的负极片初始容量能达到215 mA×h/g,平台K值大于90%.     

Corrosion resistance of anodic oxides on the Ti-50Zr and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys

Electrochemical analyses on the biocompatible alloys Ti-50Zr and Ti-13Nb-13Zr, as-cast and heat-treated, in distinct electrolytes (simulating or not physiological media: pH 7, Ringer, PBS, phosphate buffer and Na₂SO₄ solutions; pH 1, H₂SO₄, HNO₃, CH₃SO₃H, HClO₄ and H₃PO₄ solutions) are reported. Analyses of the open-circuit potential values indicated that either as-cast or heat-treated samples of both alloys present the same tendency to spontaneously form an oxide film on their surfaces and that the oxide grown in the Na₂SO₄ solution presents better protection characteristics than those formed in the phosphate buffer, Ringer and PBS solutions, in this order. Cyclic voltammograms obtained in the Ringer and PBS solutions showed that the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy does not transpassivate up to potentials of 8 V (versus SCE), while the Ti-50Zr alloy presents corrosion at potentials lower than 2 V (versus SCE), indicating that this alloy is less resistant to corrosion in solutions simulating physiological conditions. The obtained pit potential values showed that the heat treatment has very little influence on the corrosion behavior of the alloys. Finally, both alloys did not present transpassivation at potentials up to 8 V (versus SCE) in the H₂SO₄, HNO₃, CH₃SO₃H and H₃PO₄ solutions; however, when immersed in the HClO₄ solution the Ti-50Zr alloy underwent pit corrosion while the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy remained corrosion resistant in this potential range.     

双波长分光光度法测定自来水中Fe2+和Fe3+的含量

采用双波长分光光度法测定 Fe2 和 Fe3 的方法 ,结果表明 ,在 λ1 =4 0 0 nm,λ2 =5 4 2 nm处 ,显色时间在 6 0 min～ 80 min,p H =4～ 5时能联合测定水中 Fe2 和 Fe3 ,其结果具有较高的精密度和准确度。     

Cu/Zn/Al/Zr纳米纤维催化剂上的CO2加氢合成甲醇过程

A highly active Cu/Zn/Al/Zr fibrous catalyst was developed for methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation.Various factors that affect the activity of the catalyst,including the reaction temperature,pressure and space velocity,were investigated.The kinetic parameters in Graaf’s kinetic model for methanol synthesis were obtained.A quasistable economical process for CO₂ hydrogenation through CO circulation was simulated and higher methanol yield was obtained.     

表面活性剂对Sm2Zr2O7纳米热障涂层材料烧结性能的影响

采用水热合成法制备Sm2Zr2O,纳米晶体,研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)三种不同类型的表面活性剂对材料相结构、分散性能以及烧结性能的影响.实验结果表明:材料的物化性能与表面活性剂的类型密切相关,阳离子表面活性剂的添加抑制了材料由萤石结构向烧绿石结构的转变,样品比表面积为174.67 m2·g-1,经过高温烧结后块材的体积收缩和相对密度分别为24.5％和81.2％.相比之下,阳离子表面活性剂CTAB对于提高材料的抗烧结性能方面要明显好于非离子表面活性剂PEG和阴离子表面活性剂SDBS.     

氢氛还原法制备氧化铁/膨润土 复合材料及其表征研究

以膨润土和硝酸铁为原料,采用氢氛还原法制备Fe₃O₄/膨润土复合材料,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子能谱（EDS）做表征分析。通过实验得到最佳的工艺条件：n（OH^-）∶n（Fe³⁺）=1∶1、铁土比为10 mmol/g、还原温度为200 ℃、还原时间为30 min。制备的Fe₃O₄/膨润土具有良好的类Fenton催化性能、稳定性与磁分离性能。制备过程中铁元素化合物能够有效固载在膨润土上,并在氢气还原作用下转化为Fe3O4,所得Fe3O4/膨润土是结构分散、孔隙明显、物化形态优良的催化复合材料。     

自蔓延高温合成技术焊接制备(TiB_2 Fe)/Fe结构材料

SHS焊接陶瓷与金属是一种新的陶瓷 /金属连接工艺 ,本文采用SHS工艺制备了 (TiB2 Fe) /Fe结构材料 ;通过SEM测试及显微结构分析表明TiB2 Fe陶瓷金属层结构致密 ,Ti从TiB2 Fe侧向Fe基片侧进行扩散 ,以及TiB2 Fe层与Fe基片结合良好。接头断裂时 ,断裂位置发生在TiB2 Fe金属陶瓷层 ,而不是沿着TiB2 Fe层与Fe基片的界面断裂。